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New Use (new + use)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Chemistry	25%

Selected Abstracts

PHYLOGENETIC SELECTION OF A RESOURCE: A NEW USE FOR CLADISTICS

JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 2000
K. M. Dreckmann
A phylogenetic model for the selection of commercial resources using the cladistic method is proposed. The group selected as an example was the marine agarophyte red algal genus Gracilaria Greville. We suggest the use of the cladistic principle of evolutionary transformational series in order to test the quality of agars instead of the assay-herror traditional method that consumes time and budget. If we asume that the "good quality of agar" in extant taxa is a sinapomorphic character (but not a reliable taxonomic one), then taxa included in the same monophiletic clade in which the species with "good quality of agar" are, has a high evolutionary posibility to share that character. In order to do this we have to incorporate to the set of available specific characters, those of the taxa actually used as a agar source but not present in the area under scope. A complete set of the basic cladistic data required for run the most popular program currently in use (PAUP) are provided. We applied the model to the Mexican Atlantic species and found that, using Gracilaria chilensis and G. cornea as "indicator taxa," and found Mexican populations of G. crassissima, G. caudata, G. cervicornis and Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis are candidates for a study of yield and agar properties. [source]

Trimethylsilylpyrazoles as Novel Inhibitors of p38 MAP Kinase: A New Use of Silicon Bioisosteres in Medicinal Chemistry.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 22 2007
Matthew J. Barnes
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: New Uses of Amino Acids as Chiral Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 6 2002
Manfred T. Reetz
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

New Uses for the Burgess Reagent in Chemical Synthesis: Methods for the Facile and Stereoselective Formation of Sulfamidates, Glycosylamines, and Sulfamides

CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 22 2004
K. C. Nicolaou Prof.
Abstract Although the Burgess reagent (methoxycarbonylsulfamoyltriethylammonium hydroxide, inner salt) has found significant use in chemical synthesis as a dehydrating agent, almost no work has been directed towards its potential in other synthetic applications. As this article will detail, we have found that the Burgess reagent is remarkably effective at accomplishing a number of non-dehydrative synthetic tasks when applied to appropriate substrates, such as the formation of sulfamidates from 1,2-diols or epoxyalcohols, ,- and ,-glycosylamines from carbohydrates, and cyclic sulfamides from 1,2-aminoalcohols. Beyond delineating the power of these new reaction manifolds, we also describe the construction of a group of alternative Burgess-type reagents that extends the scope of these new reactions even further. [source]

New use of rosiglitazone decreased following publication of a meta-analysis suggesting harm

DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 7 2008
B. R. Shah
Abstract Aims It is uncertain whether meta-analyses lead to changes in prescribing practices. We studied trends in the prescribing of glucose-lowering therapy before and after the publication of a meta-analysis suggesting harm from rosiglitazone. Methods We examined the prescription records of all residents of Ontario, Canada, aged , 66 years. For each week between January and December 2007, we identified new users of five categories of glucose-lowering medications: rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, metformin, glibenclamide (glyburide) and insulin. The effect of the meta-analysis was assessed using interventional autoregressive integrated moving-average models. Results Following the release of the meta-analysis, there was a sudden decline in new users of rosiglitazone (P = 0.01), mirrored by a nearly identical but transient increase in new users of pioglitazone (P < 0.001). There was also a net decline in new users of thiazolidinediones as a class (P < 0.001). The number of new users of other glucose-lowering medications did not change. Conclusions A highly-publicized meta-analysis regarding rosiglitazone's potential harms led to an abrupt decline in new users of the drug, as well as a transient surge in new use of pioglitazone. [source]

Novel renoprotective actions of erythropoietin: New uses for an old hormone (Review Article)

NEPHROLOGY, Issue 4 2006
DAVID W JOHNSON
SUMMARY: Erythropoietin (EPO) has been used widely for the treatment of anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease and cancer chemotherapy for nearly 20 years. More recently, EPO has been found to interact with its receptor (EPO-R) expressed in a large variety of non-haematopoietic tissues to induce a range of cytoprotective cellular responses, including mitogenesis, angiogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of vascular repair through mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow. Administration of EPO or its analogue, darbepoetin, promotes impressive renoprotection in experimental ischaemic and toxic acute renal failure, as evidenced by suppressed tubular epithelial apoptosis, enhanced tubular epithelial proliferation and hastened functional recovery. This effect is still apparent when administration is delayed up to 6 h after the onset of injury and can be dissociated from its haematological effects. Based on these highly encouraging results, at least one large randomized controlled trial of EPO therapy in ischaemic acute renal failure is currently underway. Preliminary experimental and clinical evidence also indicates that EPO may be renoprotective in chronic kidney disease. The purpose of the present article is to review the renoprotective benefits of different protocols of EPO therapy in the settings of acute and chronic kidney failure and the potential mechanisms underpinning these renoprotective actions. Gaining further insight into the pleiotropic actions of EPO will hopefully eventuate in much-needed, novel therapeutic strategies for patients with kidney disease. [source]

New use of rosiglitazone decreased following publication of a meta-analysis suggesting harm

The option to change the use of a property when future property values and construction costs are uncertain

MANAGERIAL AND DECISION ECONOMICS, Issue 7 2001
Åke Gunnelin
This paper models the decision to change the use of a property when its value in the current use and the new use, as well as construction costs, are uncertain. In the case of development of vacant land, when cash flows and construction costs are lognormally distributed, the development of the property optimally takes place when the ratio of benefit to cost of development reaches some fixed level. In the redevelopment case, the timing problem is found to be more complex, as the cost of exercising the conversion option consists of two parts, the construction costs and the surrendered value of the property in the current use, which may evolve differently over time. In this case, optimal redevelopment will take place for different benefit,cost ratios, depending on the relative sizes of the property values in the different uses and the construction costs. Also, for a given current benefit,cost ratio, the option value will vary significantly, depending on the relative size of the state variables. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Estimating ethnic differences in self-reported new use of antidepressant medications: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 7 2009
Joseph A. C. Delaney PhD
Abstract Introduction There is evidence that the utilization of antidepressant medications (ADM) may vary between different ethnic groups in the United States population. Methods The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a population-based prospective cohort study of 6814 US adults from 4 different ethnic groups. After excluding baseline users of ADM, we examined the relation between baseline depression and new use of ADM for 4 different ethnicities: African,Americans (n,=,1822), Asians (n,=,784) Caucasians (n,=,2300), and Hispanics (n,=,1405). Estimates of the association of ethnicity and ADM use were adjusted for age, study site, gender, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), alcohol use, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, education, and exercise. Non-random loss to follow-up was present and estimates were adjusted using inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW). Results Of the four ethnicities, Caucasian participants had the highest rate of ADM use (12%) compared with African,American (4%), Asian (2%), and Hispanic (6%) participants. After adjustment, non-Caucasian ethnicity was associated with reduced ADM use: African,American (HR: 0.42; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.31,0.58), Asian (HR: 0.14; 95%CI: 0.08,0.26), and Hispanic (HR: 0.47; 95%CI: 0.31,0.65). Applying IPCW to correct for non-random loss to follow-up among the study participants weakened but did not eliminate these associations: African,American (HR: 0.48; 95%CI: 0.30,0.57), Asian (HR: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.13,0.37), and Hispanic (HR: 0.58; 95%CI: 0.47,0.67). Conclusion Non-Caucasian ethnicity is associated with lower rates of new ADM use. After IPCW adjustment, the observed ethnicity differences in ADM use are smaller although still statistically significant. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

A new use of rubber gloves for venous cannulation

ANAESTHESIA, Issue 8 2004
F. Bryden
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Do Off-Label Drug Practices Argue Against FDA Efficacy Requirements?

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
A Critical Analysis of Physicians' Argumentation for Initial Efficacy Requirements
The amended Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act requires efficacy certification for a drug's initial uses ("on-label"), but does not require certification before physicians may prescribe the drug for subsequent uses ("off-label"). Does it make sense to require FDA efficacy certification for new drugs but not for new uses of old drugs? Using a sequential online survey, we carried on a "virtual conversation" with some 500 physicians. The survey asked whether efficacy requirements should be imposed on off-label uses; almost all physicians said no. It asked whether the efficacy requirements for initial uses should be dropped, and most physicians said no. We then asked respondents whether opposing efficacy requirements in one case but not the other involved an inconsistency. In response, we received hundreds of written commentaries. We organize and discuss these commentaries with an eye to understanding how the medical market certifies off-label drug uses and how this compares to FDA certification. Does off-label medicine use suggest that efficacy requirements should be placed on new uses of old drugs? Does it suggest that efficacy requirements on new drugs should be lifted? We explore these questions, and ask whether the response of many of the doctors exhibits the familiar behavior bias toward the status quo. [source]