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New Taxonomy (new + taxonomy)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	33%

Selected Abstracts

Two Kinds of Creativity , But Which Ones?

CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2004
Geir Kaufmann
It is argued that Kirton's theory of styles of creativity is conceptually and methodologically unsound. A solution to the conceptual and methodological dilemmas is offered by way of making a clear-cut distinction between novelty on the stimulus and novelty on the response side. This distinction is used as a platform for the development of a new taxonomy of different kinds of creativity and intelligent behaviour. A major feature of this new model is the distinction made between proactive and reactive creativity. The implications of this distinction for opening new avenues for a more differentiated assessment of creativity, as well as for the development of a conceptually firmer and more differentiated platform for developing new practical training programmes in creativity are suggested. [source]

Correlation between ejaculatory and erectile dysfunction

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, Issue 2005
E. A. JANNINI
Summary Premature ejaculation (PE) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are different sexological issues. However, they have many little-known links. PE is the most common male sexual dysfunction, but ED is undoubtedly the most common reason that medical help is sought. As a consequence, PE is largely under-diagnosed and under-treated, while ED has received great scientific and clinical attention in recent years. There are plenty of reasons for this: (i) PE is classically considered as psychogenic in nature; (ii) it is traditionally treated with behavioural psychotherapies; (iii) clear and accepted clinical definition(s) are lacking; (iv) the aetiologies are largely unknown; (v) the pathogenesis is still obscure , there is a lack of awareness and acknowledgement of PE as a symptom of medical disease; (vi) lacking a medical presence in the field and requests for help from patients are low. Finally, erectile dysfunctions (ED) and ejaculatory dysfunctions frequently overlap. The aim of this review article is to propose a new taxonomy of PE, which considers ED as an important factor of PE and vice versa. [source]

Theories of Soft Budget Constraints and the Analysis of Banking Crises

THE ECONOMICS OF TRANSITION, Issue 1 2000
Janet Mitchell
This paper proposes a new taxonomy for classifying models of soft budget constraints which allows identification of two classes of models. Distinguishing between these classes of models is useful, as they yield SBCs in differing circumstances and have differing theoretical and policy implications. The taxonomy is used to motivate an area of economic theory in which SBC models can yield novel insights: the analysis of banking crises. A model is presented in which SBCs arising from creditor passivity have implications for the question of the appropriate policy for dealing with bad debts on troubled banks' balance sheets. The paper also compares the implications of the two classes of SBC models for the analysis of banking crises. [source]

Distribution and status of medicinal leeches (genus Hirudo) in the Western Palaearctic: anthropogenic, ecological, or historical effects?

AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue 2 2010
Serge Utevsky
Abstract 1. Distribution and status of medicinal leeches were re-considered in the light of the new taxonomy recognizing four Western Palaearctic species: Hirudo medicinalis, Hirudo verbana, Hirudo orientalis and Hirudo troctina. 2. Recent records and new data obtained on expeditions to Ukraine, Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and the Western Balkans were mapped to obtain an up-to-date overview of the distribution. 3. Three hypotheses explaining the current ranges of all Hirudo species were tested. The ecological hypothesis, suggesting a strong impact of large-scale environmental factors, received the highest support, while anthropogenic influence was minimal, and no historical patterns of refugia and colonization were detected. 4. Mapped localities of all Hirudo species show extensive, belt-shaped ranges extending from east to west. H. medicinalis is distributed from Britain and southern Norway to the southern Urals and probably as far as the Altai Mountains, occupying the deciduous arboreal zone. H. verbana has been recorded from Switzerland and Italy to Turkey and Uzbekistan, which largely corresponds to the Mediterranean and sub-boreal steppe zone. H. orientalis is associated with mountainous areas in the sub-boreal eremial zone and occurs in Transcaucasian countries, Iran and Central Asia. H. troctina has been found in north-western Africa and Spain in the Mediterranean zone. 5. Based on the data gathered, and considering real and potential threats, global IUCN category Near Threatened is proposed for H. medicinalis, H. verbana, and H. orientalis, while H. troctina can only be assigned to category Data Deficient. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Multi-dimensional phenotyping: towards a new taxonomy for airway disease

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 10 2005
A. J. Wardlaw
Summary All the real knowledge which we possess, depends on methods by which we distinguish the similar from the dissimilar. The greater the number of natural distinctions this method comprehends the clearer becomes our idea of things. The more numerous the objects which employ our attention the more difficult it becomes to form such a method and the more necessary. [1]. Classification is a fundamental part of medicine. Diseases are often categorized according to pre-20th century descriptions and concepts of disease based on symptoms, signs and functional abnormalities rather than on underlying pathogenesis. Where the aetiology of disease has been revealed (for example in the infectious diseases) a more precise classification has become possible, but in the chronic inflammatory diseases, and in the inflammatory airway diseases in particular, where pathogenesis has been stubbornly difficult to elucidate, we still use broad descriptive terms such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which defy precise definition because they encompass a wide spectrum of presentations and physiological and cellular abnormalities. It is our contention that these broad-brush terms have outlived their usefulness and that we should be looking to create a new taxonomy of airway disease,a taxonomy that more closely reflects the spectrum of phenotypes that are encompassed within the term airway inflammatory diseases, and that gives full recognition to late 20th and 21st century insights into the disordered physiology and cell biology that characterizes these conditions in the expectation that these will map more closely to both aetiology and response to treatment. Development of this taxonomy will require a much more complete and sophisticated correlation of the many variables that make up a condition than has been usual to employ in an approach that encompasses multi-dimensional phenotyping and uses complex statistical tools such as cluster analysis. [source]