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New Sensitizations (new + sensitization)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Interferon-gamma and IL-10 may protect from allergic polysensitization in children: preliminary evidence

ALLERGY, Issue 6 2010
I. Prigione
To cite this article: Prigione I, Morandi F, Tosca MA, Silvestri M, Pistoia V, Ciprandi G, Rossi GA. Interferon-gamma and IL-10 may protect from allergic polysensitization in children: preliminary evidence. Allergy 2010; 65: 740,742. Abstract Background:, A functional defect of T regulatory cells (Treg) has been proposed as pathogenic mechanism of allergic reaction. Polysensitization is a common feature of allergic patients. Aim of the study:, It was to investigate the possible role of Treg-Th1 cytokines, in the development of new sensitizations in childhood. Methods:, Forty monosensitized (MS) children with allergic rhinitis were evaluated and followed-up for 2 years. New sensitizations were investigated. IL-10 and IFN-, were evaluated in in vitro experiments. Results:, Children remaining MS showed significant higher production of both IL-10 and IFN-,. Conclusion:, This preliminary study provided evidence that IL-10 and IFN-, production could be defective in allergic children prone to develop polysensitization. [source]

The temporal sequence of allergic sensitization and onset of infantile eczema

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 4 2007
A. J. Lowe
Summary Background Eczema is commonly associated with sensitization in infants, but the causative role of sensitization in the development of eczema has been questioned. Objective To determine if allergic sensitization increases the risk of developing eczema, or alternatively, if eczema increases the risk of developing allergic sensitization. Methods We used data from the Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study, a prospective birth cohort of 552 infants with a family history of atopic disease. The main outcomes were risk of developing eczema from 6 months to 7 years of age in asymptomatic infants; and risk of developing sensitization, as measured by skin prick tests to milk, egg white, peanut, house dust mite, rye grass pollen and cat extracts, in previously unsensitized infants. Results Sensitization to food extracts at 6 months was associated with an increased risk of developing eczema [hazard ratio (HR) 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.13,2.35] up to 7 years of age, after excluding infants with eczema in the first 6 months. However, eczema in the first 6 months was also associated with increased risk of new sensitization at both 1 year (HR 2.34, 1.38,3.98) and 2 years (HR 3.47, 1.65,7.32). Conclusion In some infants, sensitization precedes and predicts the development of eczema, while in others eczema precedes and predicts the development of sensitization. This indicates that there are multiple pathways to atopic eczema. [source]

Food allergy in adolescents and adults

INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 7 2009
J. Yun
Abstract There has been an increase in the prevalence of food allergy in the last few decades. Adult food allergy may represent persistence of reactions that commenced in infancy and early childhood or it may be initiated in adulthood through new sensitizations. Persistence of peanut allergy is an example of the former situation. Approximately 20% of children will develop tolerance to peanuts, so there will be an increasing number of individuals reaching adulthood where this problem will need ongoing management. In addition to peanut, tree nuts, fruits, vegetables and seafood are implicated as common causes of food allergy in adulthood. Sensitization may occur directly to a food allergen or indirectly through cross-reactivity with an aeroallergen. Adults may present with a spectrum of clinical manifestations from oral allergy syndrome to fatal anaphylaxis. The management of food allergy consists of appropriate education regarding avoidance of implicated foods, modifying potential risk factors for anaphylaxis, such as asthma and prompt recognition and treatment of acute reactions. [source]

Interferon-gamma and IL-10 may protect from allergic polysensitization in children: preliminary evidence

Sublingual immunotherapy in the treatment of children

ALLERGY, Issue 2006
N. Pham-Thi
Children with controlled intermittent mild-to-moderate asthma, controlled rhinitis and a single sensitivity may be appropriate candidates for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Positive effects of SLIT may depend on initiation in early childhood and a long duration of treatment. To ensure optimum compliance, sociological, economic and familial factors should also be taken in to consideration when prescribing SLIT. Evidence from recent long-term trials indicates that SLIT interfered with the atopic march and the allergic progression from rhinitis to asthma without any severe adverse side effects. Local immune response has been seen to be blunted with SLIT, which suggests that treatment has an immunomodulatory effect. In addition, it may also decrease the risk of new sensitizations. Ongoing developments in SLIT, particularly advances in dosing and new indications, such as food allergies, will increase the use of this treatment modality in children. [source]

Long-lasting effect of sublingual immunotherapy in children with asthma due to house dust mite: a 10-year prospective study

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 2 2003
V. Di Rienzo
Summary Background Subcutaneous immunotherapy for respiratory allergy has shown a long-lasting efficacy after its discontinuation, whereas this evidence is still lacking for sublingual immunotherapy, despite the fact that it is widely used. Objective We aimed to evaluate whether a long-lasting effect of SLIT occurs, in a prospective parallel group controlled study. Methods Sixty children (mean age 8.5 years) suffering from allergic asthma/rhinitis due to mites were subdivided into two matched groups: 35 underwent a 4- to 5-year course of SLIT with standardized extract and 25 received only drug therapy. The patients were evaluated at three time points (baseline, end of SLIT and 4 to 5 years after SLIT discontinuation) regarding presence of asthma, use of anti-asthma drugs, skin prick tests and specific IgE. Results We found that in the SLIT group there was a significant difference vs. baseline for the presence of asthma (P , 0.001) and the use of asthma medications (P , 0.01), whereas no difference was observed in the control group. The mean peak expiratory flow result was significantly higher in the active group than in the control group after 10 years. No change was seen as far as new sensitizations were concerned. Specific IgE showed a near-significant increase (baseline vs. 10 years, P = 0.06) only in the control group. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that sublingual immunotherapy is effective in children and that it maintains the clinical efficacy for 4 to 5 years after discontinuation. [source]

T cell responses induced by allergen-specific immunotherapy

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
E. Maggi
Summary Allergen-specific immunotherapy is recognized as a highly effective practice in the treatment of patients with severe allergic rhinitis and/or asthma and is recommended by World Health Organization as an integrated part of allergy management strategy. Several studies have shown that allergen-specific immunotherapy, based on the administration of increasing doses of allergen, achieves a hyposensitization and reduces both early and late responses occurring during the natural exposure to the allergen itself. This is the unique antigen-specific immunomodulatory treatment in current use for human diseases. Successful immunotherapy is associated with reductions in symptoms and medication scores and improved quality of life. After interruption it usually confers long-term remission of symptoms and prevents the onset of new sensitizations in children up to a number of years. Subcutaneous immunotherapy usually suppresses the allergen-induced late response in target organs, likely due to the reduction of the infiltration of T cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells and neutrophils. In addition to the reduction of cells of allergic inflammation, immunotherapy also decreases inflammatory mediators at the site of allergen exposure. This review provides an update on the immunological T cell responses induced by conventional subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy, and gives a unifying view to reconciling the old dualism between immunoredirecting and immunoregulating mechanisms. [source]