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New Risk Factor (new + risk_factor)
Selected AbstractsImmobilization resulting from chronic medical diseases: a new risk factor for recurrent venous thromboembolism in anticoagulated patientsJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 8 2007P. PRANDONI No abstract is available for this article. [source] Low zinc status: a new risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly?NUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 1 2010Junaidah B Barnett Low zinc status may be a risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly. This special article reviews the magnitude of the problem of pneumonia (its prevalence, morbidity, and mortality) in the elderly, pneumonia's etiology, and the dysregulation of the immune system associated with increasing age. In addition, recent evidence from the literature is presented demonstrating that low zinc status (commonly reported in the elderly) impairs immune function, decreases resistance to pathogens, and is associated with increased incidence and duration of pneumonia, increased use and duration of antimicrobial treatment, and increased overall mortality in the elderly. Inadequate stores of zinc might, therefore, be a risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly. Randomized, double-blind, controlled studies are needed to determine the efficacy of zinc supplementation as a potential low-cost intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia in this vulnerable population. [source] Disc space narrowing as a new risk factor for vertebral fracture: The OFELY studyARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 4 2006Elisabeth Sornay-Rendu Objective In a previous cross-sectional analysis, we found a positive association between disc space narrowing (DSN) and vertebral fracture. The aim of the present study was to analyze prospectively the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with spine osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Using radiographs, spine OA was evaluated in 634 postmenopausal women from the OFELY (Os des Femmes de Lyon) cohort (mean ± SD age 61.2 ± 9 years). Prevalence and severity of spine OA were assessed by scoring osteophytes and DSN. Incidental clinical fractures were prospectively registered during annual followup, and vertebral fractures were evaluated by radiography every 4 years. Results During an 11-year followup, fractures occurred in 121 women, including 42 with vertebral fractures. No association was found between osteophytes and the risk of fracture. In contrast, DSN was associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures but not of nonvertebral fractures. After adjusting for confounding variables, the presence of DSN was associated with a marked increased risk of vertebral fractures, with an odds ratio of 6.59 (95% confidence interval 1.36,31.9). In addition, 95% of incident vertebral fractures were located above the disc with the most severe narrowing. Conclusion This longitudinal study shows that, despite a higher bone mineral density (BMD), women with spine OA do not have a reduced risk of fracture and that DSN is significantly associated with vertebral fracture risk. The location of DSN and of incident vertebral fractures suggests that disc degeneration impairs the biomechanics of the above spine, which leads to the increased risk of vertebral fractures, independent of BMD. We suggest that DSN is a newly identified risk factor for vertebral fracture that should be taken into consideration when assessing vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women. [source] Smoking and pregnancy-related pelvic painBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 8 2010K Biering Please cite this paper as: Biering K, Aagaard Nohr E, Olsen J, Hjollund N, Nybo Andersen A-M, Juhl M. Smoking and pregnancy-related pelvic pain. BJOG 2010;117:1019,1026. Objective, To investigate possible associations between smoking and pregnancy-related pelvic pain. Design, Nested case,control study. Setting, Denmark 2000,2001. Population, The Danish National Birth Cohort. Methods, The women were interviewed twice in pregnancy and twice after childbirth. The first pregnancy interview provided information on smoking and possible confounding factors, whereas the first interview after birth addressed case identification. Cases (n = 2302) were defined on the basis of self-reported pelvic pain, and controls were selected among women who did not report pelvic pain (n = 2692). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate associations between smoking and pelvic pain. Main outcome mreasue, Pregnancy-related pelvic pain. Results, Compared with non-smokers, women who smoked during pregnancy had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.2 (1.0,1.4) for overall pelvic pain, similar to women who stopped smoking in early pregnancy 1.3 (1.1,1.7). The equivalent adjusted odds ratio for severe pelvic pain was 1.2 (1.0,1.5) for smokers, and 1.5 (1.2,1.9) for women who stopped smoking. Smoking intensity, measured as number of cigarettes smoked per day, was associated with pelvic pain in a dose,response pattern. Information about smoking was collected prospectively, which makes it unlikely that differential recall alone explains the results. Conclusions, Smoking was associated with pregnancy-related pelvic pain, with a dose,response pattern between reported smoking intensity and pelvic pain. These findings suggest a possible new risk factor for a common ailment during pregnancy. [source] HLA-B8, DR3: a new risk factor for graft failure after renal transplantation in patients with underlying immunoglobulin A nephropathyCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 5 2009Margret B. Andresdottir Abstract:, Background:, The HLA-B8, DR3 haplotype has been associated with high immune reactivity. In this study, we have tested whether this haplotype has differential effect on graft survival in patients with IgAN compared with control patients. Methods:, From the Eurotransplant Registry we analyzed graft survival of 1207 recipients with IgAN and 7935 control patients with non-glomerular diseases. Death-censored graft loss according to the HLA-B8, DR3 haplotype was calculated with Kaplan,Meier analysis and Cox-regression model was used to correct for various risk factors. Results:, The frequency of the HLA-B8, DR3 haplotype was significantly lower in IgAN patients compared with controls (10.3% vs. 15.4%, p < 0.001). Ten-year graft survival was identical in the control group with and without the HLA-B8, DR3 haplotype (71.1% and 70.2%, respectively), but significantly worse in IgAN patients carrying the HLA-B8, DR3 haplotype compared with patients without it (52.5% vs. 69.1%, respectively, p = 0.009). The risk of graft loss was increased by 66% (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.14, 2.29) in IgAN with the HLA-B8, DR3 haplotype and independent of well-known risk factors. Conclusions:, We have identified a new risk factor for graft loss unique to patients with IgAN. This finding emphasizes the exclusive immune characteristics of IgAN patients after transplantation. [source] Significance of clinical risk factors of cystic periventricular leukomalacia in infants with different birthweightsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2001H Kubota Fifteen appropriate-for-date premature low-birthweight infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) were studied. The infants were stratified into three birthweight groups: less than 1000 g, 1000 g and greater but less than 1500 g, and 1500 g or greater. Reported and new risk factors for PVL were compared with control patients for all patients and each birthweight group. Hypocarbia was significantly related to cystic PVL, especially in infants with birthweight 1000 g or greater (p < 0.03). Sensitivity to hypocarbia might be decreased in infants with birthweight less than 1000 g due to therapy or prematurity. In the group with birthweight less than 1000 g, the proportion of cystic PVL infants on continuous intra-arterial blood-pressure monitoring tended to be lower than the controls, with an almost significant difference (p= 0.05). The duration of tocolysis was significantly longer in the cystic PVL infants than in the controls when the birthweight was greater than 1500 g (p < 0.04). For some risk factors, a significant difference or a tendency of difference was demonstrated only after stratifying the birthweight. For others, the difference became insignificant after stratification. Assessing risk factors after stratifying by birthweight or degree of prematurity is therefore useful. Conclusion: The results suggest that hypocarbia should be avoided to prevent cystic PVL, especially in infants with birthweight of 1000 g or greater, continuous intra-arterial blood-pressure monitoring may be important in infants with birthweight less than 1000 g, and fetal status should be monitored carefully when the duration of tocolysis is prolonged, especially in infants with birthweight of 1500 g or more. [source] Old and new risk factors for upper extremity deep venous thrombosisJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 11 2005J. W. BLOM Summary.,Background: Well known risk factors for upper extremity deep venous thrombosis are the presence of a central venous catheter (CVC) and malignancy, but other potential risk factors, such as surgery, injury and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), have not yet been explored. Methods: We performed a population-based case-control study including 179 consecutive patients, aged 18,70 years with upper extremity deep venous thrombosis and 2399 control subjects. Participants reported on acquired risk factors in a questionnaire and factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A mutation were ascertained. Information on CVC was obtained from discharge letters. Results: Forty-two patients (23%) and one control subject (0.04%) had a CVC (ORadj: 1136, 95% CI: 153,8448, adjusted for age and sex). Cancer patients without a CVC had an eightfold increased risk of venous thrombosis of the arm (ORcrude: 7.7, 95% CI: 4.6,13.0). Other evident risk factors were prothrombotic mutations, surgery, immobilization of the arm (plaster cast), oral contraceptive use and family history, with odds ratios varying from 2.0 up to 13.1. The risk in the presence of injury and during puerperium was twofold or more increased, although not significantly. In contrast HRT, unusual exercise, travel and obesity did not increase the risk. Hormone users had an increased risk in the presence of prothrombotic mutations or surgery. Obese persons (BMI > 30 kg m,2) undergoing surgery had a 23-fold increased risk of arm thrombosis compared with non-obese persons not undergoing surgery. Conclusion: A CVC is a very strong risk factor for arm thrombosis. Most risk factors for thrombosis in the leg are also risk factors for arm thrombosis. [source] | ||||||||||