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Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Oral health of Adelaide nursing home residents: longitudinal study

AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, Issue 2 2004
JM Chalmers
Objective: The Adelaide Dental Study of Nursing Homes aimed to quantify oral disease experience, incidence and increments in Adelaide nursing home residents. Methods: Questionnaires and dental inspections were completed at baseline and at 1-year for residents from randomly selected Adelaide nursing homes. Results: The residents were very functionally dependent, cognitively impaired and behaviourally difficult older adults with complex oral problems and dental treatment needs. The prevalence of edentulism (total tooth loss) (63%) decreased and more residents were retaining natural teeth. Existing residents had a mean of 10.8 teeth present and new residents had a mean of 12.7 teeth present. Residents' previous experiences of caries (decay) were high , existing residents had a mean of 1.2 decayed teeth and new residents had a mean of 0.8 decayed teeth. Residents' caries increments (new decay) over the 1-year period were high (coronal = 2.5 surfaces; root = 1.0 surfaces), especially in those who had lost weight and who could eat fewer food types. These levels of caries were many times greater than had been reported for community-dwelling older adults. Large accumulations of plaque, calculus and debris (food) were evident on residents' natural teeth and dentures, especially those with dementia. Up to 25% of residents owned dentures that were not worn. Residents with dementia gave their carers complex and challenging oral hygiene care problems. Existing and new residents had similar general health and oral health characteristics, with the exceptions that new residents had significantly more filled tooth surfaces, and fewer decayed retained roots. Conclusion: New residents were being admitted to the nursing homes with a compromised oral health status or developed severe oral diseases and conditions within several months of their admittance. Residents' oral diseases, especially coronal and root caries, rapidly progressed during their stay in residential care. [source]

Self-Prescription Practices in Recent Latino Immigrants

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 3 2008
Maren J. Coffman
ABSTRACT Objective: Self-prescription involves the purchase and use of restricted medications without medical advice. Although common in Central and South American countries, little is known about this practice among Latino immigrants in the United States. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore how Latino immigrants obtain and use prescription medications without accessing the formal health care system. Design: This exploratory descriptive study used focus groups to gain an understanding of the use of prescription medications without medical care. Sample: Three focus group discussions were held with 19 adult Latino immigrants who were new residents in the United States, and did not have health insurance; most were undocumented. Results: Analysis of the data revealed 4 major themes: (a) health care barriers, (b) cultural norms, (c) self-care, and (d) self-prescription. Conclusions: The data indicate that this population experiences significant barriers to accessing health care, forcing them to seek treatment alternatives including the purchase and use of drugs manufactured in Mexico. There are many public health and safety concerns related to self-prescription practices. Nurses need to be aware of the barriers to health care that lead to these potentially dangerous medication practices, and to recognize and understand self-prescription. [source]

Oral health of Adelaide nursing home residents: longitudinal study

Bourdieu Off-Broadway: Managing Distinction on a Shopping Block in the East Village

CITY & COMMUNITY, Issue 2 2004
Sharon Zukin
The economic and social vitality of East Ninth Street, in the East Village of Lower Manhattan, testifies to the area's long-standing reputation for cutting-edge culture and the street's astounding high density of unusual stores. Like a regional industrial district, the block between First and Second Avenues works as a specialized agglomeration of small producers, who are dependent on both supportive local suppliers and populations and customers from abroad, and who are linked in networks of mutually beneficial relations. This concentration succeeds not only because of the aesthetic distinction managed by store and building owners, but also because of the cultural diversity sought by a local yet cosmopolitan clientele, the material diversity of the old buildings, and the sociability of old and new residents. Far from destroying a community by commercial gentrification, East Ninth Street suggests that a retail concentration of designer stores may be a territory of innovation in the urban economy, producing both a marketable and a sociable neighborhood node. [source]