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New Quantities (new + quantity)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	40%

Selected Abstracts

Searching for mid-term variations in different aspects of solar activity , looking for probable common origins and studying temporal variations of magnetic polarities

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 1 2007
E. Forgács-Dajka
ABSTRACT Several studies have examined the temporal variability of the solar activity, and many variations are reported in the literature. We also (re)analyse the statistical properties of the following kinds of data series of solar activity phenomena: magnetic synoptic charts, hemispherical relative sunspot numbers, solar flare index, coronal index, solar radio flux, interplanetary magnetic field and proton speed in the solar wind, in order to find common mid-term periods during solar cycles 21,23. As a new approach, we focus on the magnetic polarity relations and we define new quantities (e.g. magnetic positive,negative polarity asymmetry) to explore the connections between several aspects of the solar activity from different points of view. According to our survey, the mid-term periodicities (1,2 yr) are manifest in almost all data with the exception of the coronal index and the 10.7-cm solar flux data. In the case of these latter two we note that these surveys produce global data on the solar corona, so the Sun is studied on these bandwidths as a star. Besides these, with the accumulation of helioseismic data over the last 10 yr, it has become possible to study the temporal variation in the rotational rate residuals in tachocline region. In addition, we examine possible common origins of different activity markers and/or possible connections to differential rotation. [source]

Solution-precipitation creep , micromechanical modelling and numerical results

PROCEEDINGS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS & MECHANICS, Issue 1 2005
Sandra Ili
Our aim is to present a continuum mechanical model for solution-precipitation creep as well as to compare the numerical results based on that model with experimental observations. The formulation of the problem is based on the minimization of a Lagrangian consisting of elastic power and dissipation. Elastic energy is chosen to be in a standard form but dissipation is strongly adapted to the solution-precipitation process by introducing two new quantities: the velocity of material transport within the crystallite-interfaces and the normal velocity of precipitation or solution respectively. The model enables one to give an analytical solution for the case of a single crystal and numerical solution based on a finite element method for more complex, polycrystalline materials. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Solving Inductive Reasoning Problems in Mathematics: Not-so-Trivial Pursuit

COGNITIVE SCIENCE - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2000
Lisa A. Haverty
This study investigated the cognitive processes involved in inductive reasoning. Sixteen undergraduates solved quadratic function,finding problems and provided concurrent verbal protocols. Three fundamental areas of inductive activity were identified: Data Gathering, Pattern Finding, and Hypothesis Generation. These activities are evident in three different strategies that they used to successfully find functions. In all three strategies, Pattern Finding played a critical role not previously identified in the literature. In the most common strategy, called the Pursuit strategy, participants created new quantities from x and y, detected patterns in these quantities, and expressed these patterns in terms of x. These expressions were then built into full hypotheses. The processes involved in this strategy are instantiated in an ACT-based model that simulates both successful and unsuccessful performance. The protocols and the model suggest that numerical knowledge is essential to the detection of patterns and, therefore, to higher-order problem solving. [source]

Normative decision making with multiattribute performance targets

JOURNAL OF MULTI CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS, Issue 3-4 2009
Ali E. Abbas
Abstract Many companies set multiple performance targets for their managers and reward them on meeting a threshold value for each target or goal. Examples of such incentive structures abide in the managerial literature and in organizational settings. We show that this incentive structure, while popular, has two main problems: (i) it can induce managers who try to maximize the probability of meeting their performance targets to make decisions that are not compatible with expected utility maximizing decisions, and (ii) it may lead to trade-offs among the performance objectives that are inconsistent with the corporate value function. In this paper, we propose a method to remedy these two problems, while retaining a target-based incentive scheme. We define a multiattribute target as a deterministic region in the space of multiattribute outcomes that has two properties: (1) the probability that the outcome of a multiattribute lottery lies within the target region is equal to the expected utility of the lottery, and (2) all outcomes within the target region are preferred to all outcomes outside it. These two properties lead to a new quantity; which we call the ,value aspiration equivalent' that leads managers who maximize the probability of meeting their targets to simultaneously maximize the expected utility, and it also induces trade-offs that are consistent with the decision maker's value function. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Normative target-based decision making

MANAGERIAL AND DECISION ECONOMICS, Issue 6 2005
Ali E. Abbas
This paper relates normative expected-utility decision making to target-based decision making, and introduces a new quantity, the aspiration equivalent. We show that using the aspiration equivalent as a target provides a new method for choosing between lotteries that is consistent with expected-utility maximization. Furthermore, we show that the aspiration-equivalent target provides a win,win situation for executive,manager delegation. This result furnishes a new link between normative decision analysis and target-based decision making. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]