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New Problem (new + problem)
Selected AbstractsMeet the New Paul, Same as the Old Paul: Michael Wychograd, Kendall Soulen, and the New Problem of SupersessionismCROSSCURRENTS, Issue 2 2009William Plevan First page of article [source] AgJOBS: New Solution or New Problem?INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, Issue 4 2003Philip Martin Over half of the workers employed on U.S. farms are not authorized to work in the United States. An historic compromise between employer and worker advocates in September 2003 would legalize some currently unauthorized workers and make it easier for farmers to obtain guest workers, but is unlikely to change the farm labor market, so that the percentage of unauthorized workers is likely to climb again. [source] Totipotency and the Moral Status of Embryos: New Problems for an Old ArgumentJOURNAL OF SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2004William J. FitzPatrick First page of article [source] An evidence-based iterative content trust algorithm for the credibility of online newsCONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION: PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, Issue 15 2009Guosun Zeng Abstract People encounter more information than they can possibly use every day. But all information is not necessarily of equal value. In many cases, certain information appears to be better, or more trustworthy, than other information. And the challenge that most people then face is to judge which information is more credible. In this paper we propose a new problem called Corroboration Trust, which studies how to find credible news events by seeking more than one source to verify information on a given topic. We design an evidence-based corroboration trust algorithm called TrustNewsFinder, which utilizes the relationships between news articles and related evidence information (person, location, time and keywords about the news). A news article is trustworthy if it provides many pieces of trustworthy evidence, and a piece of evidence is likely to be true if it is provided by many trustworthy news articles. Our experiments show that TrustNewsFinder successfully finds true events among conflicting information and identifies trustworthy news better than the popular search engines. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Short-term load forecasting using informative vector machineELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN, Issue 2 2009Eitaro Kurata Abstract In this paper, a novel method is proposed for short-term load forecasting, which is one of the important tasks in power system operation and planning. The load behavior is so complicated that it is hard to predict the load. The deregulated power market is faced with the new problem of an increase in the degree of uncertainty. Thus, power system operators are concerned with the significant level of load forecasting. Namely, probabilistic load forecasting is required to smooth power system operation and planning. In this paper, an IVM (Informative Vector Machine) based method is proposed for short-term load forecasting. IVM is one of the kernel machine techniques that are derived from an SVM (Support Vector Machine). The Gaussian process (GP) satisfies the requirements that the prediction results are expressed as a distribution rather than as points. However, it is inclined to be overtrained for noise due to the basis function with N2 elements for N data. To overcome this problem, this paper makes use of IVM that selects necessary data for the model approximation with a posteriori distribution of entropy. That has a useful function to suppress the excess training. The proposed method is tested using real data for short-term load forecasting. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 23, 31, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20693 [source] Numerical modelling of chemical effects of magma solidification problems in porous rocksINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2005Chongbin Zhao Abstract The solidification of intruded magma in porous rocks can result in the following two consequences: (1) the heat release due to the solidification of the interface between the rock and intruded magma and (2) the mass release of the volatile fluids in the region where the intruded magma is solidified into the rock. Traditionally, the intruded magma solidification problem is treated as a moving interface (i.e. the solidification interface between the rock and intruded magma) problem to consider these consequences in conventional numerical methods. This paper presents an alternative new approach to simulate thermal and chemical consequences/effects of magma intrusion in geological systems, which are composed of porous rocks. In the proposed new approach and algorithm, the original magma solidification problem with a moving boundary between the rock and intruded magma is transformed into a new problem without the moving boundary but with the proposed mass source and physically equivalent heat source. The major advantage in using the proposed equivalent algorithm is that a fixed mesh of finite elements with a variable integration time-step can be employed to simulate the consequences and effects of the intruded magma solidification using the conventional finite element method. The correctness and usefulness of the proposed equivalent algorithm have been demonstrated by a benchmark magma solidification problem. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Human gastrointestinal nematode infections: are new control methods required?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Gillian Stepek Summary Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infections affect 50% of the human population worldwide, and cause great morbidity as well as hundreds of thousands of deaths. Despite modern medical practices, the proportion of the population infected with GI nematodes is not falling. This is due to a number of factors, the most important being the lack of good healthcare, sanitation and health education in many developing countries. A relatively new problem is the development of resistance to the small number of drugs available to treat GI nematode infections. Here we review the most important parasitic GI nematodes and the methods available to control them. In addition, we discuss the current status of new anthelmintic treatments, particularly the plant cysteine proteinases from various sources of latex-bearing plants and fruits. [source] Developing an International System for Internally Displaced PersonsINTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 2 2006ROBERTA COHEN A pressing new problem came onto the international agenda at the end of the cold war, persons forced from their homes by conflict and human rights violations who remain uprooted and at risk within the borders of their own countries. The international system created after the Second World War to protect and assist refugees, people who flee across borders, did not extend to internally displaced persons (IDPs). Over the past fifteen years, substantial efforts have been made to create an international system to respond to the needs of the world's 20 to 25 million IDPs, but a long way remains to go in resolving issues of sovereignty, legal frameworks, institutional arrangements and strategies to protect people under assault in their own countries. [source] Short and long-run returns to agricultural R&D in South Africa, or will the real rate of return please stand up?AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2000David Schimmelpfennig Abstract This paper briefly presents the results of a total factor productivity (TFP) study of South African commercial agriculture, for 1947-1997, and illustrates some potential pitfalls in rate of return to research (ROR) calculations. The lag between R&D and TFP is analyzed and found to be only 9 years, with a pronounced negative skew, reflecting the adaptive focus of the South African system. The two-stage approach gives a massive ROR of 170%. The predetermined lag parameters are then used in modeling the knowledge stock, to refine the estimates of the ROR from short- and long-run dual profit functions. In the short run, with the capital inputs treated as fixed, the ROR is a more reasonable 44%. In the long run, with adjustment of the capital stocks, it rises to 113%, which would reflect the fact that new technology is embodied in the capital items. However, the long-run model raises a new problem since capital stock adjustment takes 11 years, 2 years longer than the lag between R&D and TFP. If this is assumed to be the correct lag, the ROR falls to 58%, a best estimate. The paper draws attention to the possible sensitivity of rate of return calculations to assumed lag structure, particularly when the lag between changes in R&D and TFP is skewed. [source] On stochastic programs over trees with partially dependent arc capacitiesNETWORKS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007Ning Shi Abstract We study the new problem of stochastic programs over trees with dependent random arc capacities. This problem can be used as a subproblem in decomposition methods that solve multi-stage networks with independent random arc capacities and random travel times. An efficient algorithm is provided to compute the expected total cost. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 50(2), 157,163 2007 [source] What to do with the "Tubby Hubby"?"Obesity," the Crisis of Masculinity, and the Nuclear Family in Early Cold War CanadaANTIPODE, Issue 5 2009Deborah McPhail Abstract:, Despite current insistence that obesity is a new problem, obesity and fat were discussed frequently in the medical and popular presses and by state officials during the early Cold War in Canada. Using Kristeva's (1982,,Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection) concept of abjection, I argue that Cold War anxieties about fat, and specifically the obesity of white, middle-class men, had less to do with the growing girth of bodies than it did with a post-war crisis in masculinity related to the collapse of the public and private spheres. Through an analysis of fitness regimes and female-administered diets for men, I argue that anti-obesity rhetoric served to assuage dominant worries about degenerating masculinity by reasserting both the gendered division of labour and the white, middle-class, nuclear family as Canadian norms. [source] ROLE OF LAPAROSCOPY IN BLUNT LIVER TRAUMAANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 5 2006Charles H. C. Pilgrim Although much has been written about the role of laparoscopy in the acute setting for victims of blunt and penetrating trauma, little has been published on delayed laparoscopy relating specifically to complications of conservative management of liver trauma. There has been a shift towards managing liver trauma conservatively, with haemodynamic instability being the key indication for emergency laparotomy, rather than computed tomography findings. However, as a side-effect of more liver injuries being treated non-operatively, bile leak from a disrupted biliary tree presenting later in admission has appeared as a new problem to manage. We describe in this article three cases that have been managed by laparoscopy and drainage alone, outlining the advantages of this technique and defining a new role for delayed laparoscopy in blunt liver trauma. [source] Integrated care of childhood disease in Brazil: Mothers' response to the recommendations of health workersACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 8 2005Antonio JL Alves da Cunha Abstract Aim: To describe the process of follow-up in primary care facilities where the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy was implemented. IMCI was developed by WHO and UNICEF as an integrated approach to manage sick children under 5 y of age and aims to reduce mortality and morbidity. Methods: From August 2001 to February 2002, 229 sick children who had a health condition included in the IMCI case management guidelines were seen in six family healthcare facilities in Brazil. We analysed the care provided to 153 children who were recommended for a 2- or 5-d follow-up visit. Children who did not return were visited and assessed at home. Results: Only 87 children (56.9%) timely returned for follow-up: 70 had improved, eight presented the same health conditions, five were worse and four had a new problem. The main reasons given for not returning for follow-up were: the child had improved (35.1%) and other family priorities (47.4%). Home visits showed that, although most children had improved (n=49), some had a new health problem and one child was sick enough to be referred. Prescription of antibiotics was associated with increased probability of returning for a follow-up visit (RR =1.64 [1.22,2.20], p=0.001). Conclusion: Adherence to follow-up was just over 50%, mostly because the condition had already resolved, but some children were still sick and needed intervention. Training on counselling on the recognition of danger signs and when to return for a follow-up visit must be reinforced. [source] Editorial: the generation of high quality topographic data for hydrology and geomorphology: new data sources, new applications and new problemsEARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, Issue 3 2003Stuart N. Lane No abstract is available for this article. [source] Treatment of opioid dependence in adolescents and young adults with extended release naltrexone: preliminary case-series and feasibilityADDICTION, Issue 9 2010Marc J. Fishman ABSTRACT Background Opioid dependence is an increasing problem among adolescents and young adults, but in contrast to the standard in the adult population, adoption of pharmacotherapies has been slow. Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) is a promising treatment that has been receiving increasing interest for adult opioid dependence. Clinical chart abstractions were performed on a convenience sample of 16 serial adolescent and young adult cases (mean age 18.5 years) treated for opioid dependence with XR-NTX who attended at least one out-patient clinical follow-up visit. Case descriptions Of these 16 cases, 10 of 16 (63%) were retained in treatment for at least 4 months and nine of 16 (56%) had a ,good' outcome defined as having substantially decreased opioid use, improvement in at least one psychosocial domain and no new problems due to substance use. Conclusions These descriptive results suggest that XR-NTX in the treatment of adolescents and young adults with opioid dependence is well tolerated over a period of 4 months and feasible in a community-based treatment setting, and associated with good outcomes in a preliminary, small non-controlled case-series. This probably reflects an overall trend towards greater adoption of medication treatments for this population. [source] Perpest model, a case-based reasoning approach to predict ecological risks of pesticidesENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 11 2002Paul J. Van den Brink Abstract The PERPEST model is a model that predicts the ecological risks of pesticides in freshwater ecosystems. This model simultaneously predicts the effects of a particular concentration of a pesticide on various (community) endpoints. In contrast to most effect models, PERPEST is based on empirical data extracted from the literature. This model is based on case-based reasoning, a technique that solves new problems (e.g., what is the effect of pesticide A?) by using past experience (e.g., published microcosm experiments). The database containing the past experience has been constructed by performing a review of freshwater model ecosystem studies. This review assessed the effects on various endpoints (e.g., community metabolism, phytoplankton, and macroinvertebrates) and classified them according to their magnitude and duration. The PERPEST model searches for analogous situations in the database, based on relevant (toxicity) characteristics of the compound. This allows the model to predict effects of pesticides for which no effects on a semifield scale have been published. The PERPEST model results in a prediction showing the probability of classes of effects (no, slight, or clear effects, plus an optional indication of recovery) on the various grouped endpoints. This paper discusses the scientific background of the model as well as its strengths, limitations, and possible applications. [source] Appraising and Evaluating PFI for NHS HospitalsFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2001Julie Froud This paper explores the use of appraisal in the development of proposals to use private finance to provide acute hospitals under the Private Finance Initiative (PFI). It addresses the extent to which value for money (VFM) and affordability (which must be satisfied to enable a scheme to be approved) are demonstrated in the documents prepared by hospital Trusts. It identifies a number of issues (such as the transfer of risk and the development of public sector comparators) that pose new problems for investment appraisal, which are specific to its application to PFI. [source] Quantum information and general relativityFORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK/PROGRESS OF PHYSICS, Issue 11-12 2004A. Peres The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox (1935) is reexamined in the light of Shannon's information theory (1948). The EPR argument did not take into account that the observers' information was localized, like any other physical object. General relativity introduces new problems: there are horizons which act as on-way membranes for the propagation of quantum information, in particular black holes which act like sinks. [source] Human immunodeficiency virus,hepatitis C coinfection: swapping new problems for newer onesINTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 7 2001J. Sasadeusz Abstract Recent successes in HIV therapy have uncovered other health problems for HIV-infected individuals. Hepatitis C has become an especially significant problem, partly due to its faster progression in an immunocompromised setting. In addition, the higher viral loads in coinfected patients likely result in more efficient perinatal and perhaps even sexual transmission. Therapy has largely been neglected, despite data suggesting its efficacy in HIV,HCV coinfected patients. Studies of combination interferon and ribavirin studies are lacking, although underway. A major concern is the potential inactivation of certain thymidine analogues by ribavirin. Some antiretroviral therapies, such as ritonavir, indinavir and nevirapine, may enhance liver toxicity in coinfected patients and should be avoided if possible. The role of chronic low-grade liver function abnormalities remains uncertain and requires further investigation. (Intern Med J 2001; 31: 418,421) [source] Permanent Pacemaker Therapy Before and After the Reunification of Germany: 16 Years of Experience at an East German Regional Pacing CenterPACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 6 2000P. KARNATZ The reunification of Germany had a significant influence on the management of patients with bradyarrhythmias. The current study was performed in a regional pacing center heated in the former German Democratic Republic. It compares the situation of patients with critical bradyarrhythmias before and after the reunification of Germany in 1990 focusing on (1) indication for pacemaker implantation. (2) pacemaker modalities and function, (3) type of leads, (4) frequency of reintervention, and (5) early and late complications. The study covers 9 years before and 7 years after the reunification. A total of 1,125 patients were included, and the database was formed by the patients' files and the protocols of implantation. The situation before reunification was characterized by a nonavailability of modern physiological pacing devices and insufficient diagnostic equipment. Between 1981 and 1990, 384 patients underwent pacemaker implantation solely receiving single chamber devices with no or only minimal feasibility of programming. Between 1990 and 1996, 741 patients were treated, and they all received modern pacemakers having the capability of multiprogramming and telemetry. Regarding complications of pacemaker therapy, lead related problems significantly decreased after the reunification (dislocation, 5.3% vs 1.7%, P < 0.05; exit block, 6.7% vs 1.4%. P < 0.05) opposite to pacemaker infections, which significantly increasing after dual chamber pacemakers were implanted (2.2% vs 6.0%, P < 0.05). The reunification of Germany dramatically improved the situation of patients with critical bradyarrhythmias leading to free access to high-tech pacing equipment within a few months. However, the abrupt change from antiquated to modern pacemaker therapy created some new problems, especially regarding application and handling of modern physiological pacing devices. [source] The efficacy of a test and ESS programQUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2002Asaf Katz Abstract Statistical results of all the 1621 failure analyses, which cover a four-year effort, are presented. The failure analyses were part of an elaborate test and ESS process of a high-reliability system. Of the failure analyses, 97.5% identified the root cause. The classification of the failures by 11 root cause classes, including the test and ESS process itself is provided. The distribution of failure root causes detected during the various phases of the process is shown. Each test phase was analyzed according to the share of failures found and the fraction of failures that occurred during that phase. Applying a linear formula that summarizes the relative efficacy of each test phase compares the performances of the various phases. The term efficacy is used to describe the ability of a test phase to reveal failures without generating new problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A brief history of the concept of free will: issues that are and are not germane to legal reasoningBEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW, Issue 2 2007Phillip Cary Ph.D. Examining the history of the concept of free will helps distinguish metaphysical issues beyond the interest of a court of law from considerations about the nature of human action germane to legal reasoning. The latter include Plato's conception of the rational governance of the soul and Aristotle's conception of voluntary action, both of which arose before Hellenistic philosophers propounded analogues of modern positions against determinism (Epicureans) or for the compatibility of free will and determinism (Stoics). The concept of will itself also has a history, being first conceived as a distinct power by Augustine. Modern physics raised new problems about free will, as human motivations began to look less like rational perceptions of the good and more like mechanistic causes. Contemporary philosophy has not solved the problem of free will but has spun off analyses of the nature of action and moral responsibility that are of interest for legal reasoning. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] An Adaptive Recipe Implementation in Case-Based Formalism for Abnormal Condition ManagementCHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 12 2005D. Rizal Abstract This paper deals with accurate recipe implementation for abnormal condition management in a batch process using a case-based reasoning (CBR) approach. A set of new problems can be solved by reusing proven process solutions. The proposed system integrates quantitative and qualitative parameters for adaptation of cases. A novel methodology to generate accurate recipes and to adapt to the processes is introduced during normal and abnormal conditions. In particular, the differences between current conditions and the references (recipes) should be managed to prevent any hazardous conditions arising. The processes are evaluated using their similarity to the past cases. This intelligent approach distinguishes plausible cases, generates accurate recipes, and adapts to new situations. The aim is to use the offline historical process data and safety related information in order to propose changes and adjustments in the processes. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||