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Distribution by Scientific Domains

Polymers and Materials Science	95%

Distribution within Polymers and Materials Science

Polymer Science & Technology General	78%
General & Introductory Materials Science	15%

Selected Abstracts

A New Poly(thienylenevinylene) Derivative with High Mobility and Oxidative Stability for Organic Thin-Film Transistors and Solar Cells

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 27 2009
Bogyu Lim
A novel thiophene-thienylenevinylene copolymer is synthesized and evaluated for use in organic field-effect transistors and organic solar cells. PETV12T shows good solution processability and high structural organization after annealing. Organic thin-film transistors based on the polymer exhibit high mobility and a high resistance to oxidation. In addition, PETV12T shows potential as an electron donor in bulk heterojunction solar cells. [source]

Synthesis and Properties of a New Poly(arylene ethynylene) Containing 1,3,5-Triazine Units,

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Issue 6 2004
Qiang Fang
Abstract Summary: A new photoluminescent poly(arylene ethynylene) containing 1,3,5-triazine units was prepared by polycondensation between 2,4-diphenyl-6- N,N -bis(4-bromophenyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine and 1,4-didodecyloxy-2,5-diethynylbenzene using Pd(PPh3)4 and CuI as the catalysts in the presence of triethylamine. The polymer showed good solubility in common organic solvents and had a number average molecular weight, , of 3,400, and a weight average molecular weight, , of 8,100. In toluene the polymer exhibited an intrinsic viscosity [,] of 0.11 dL,·,g,1 at 30,°C. The polymer showed photoluminescence (PL) with emission peaks at 479 nm in CHCl3 and at 509 nm in the solid state; quantum yield of the PL in CHCl3 was 21%. Electrochemical reduction (or n-doping) of the polymer started at about ,2.05 V versus Ag/AgNO3 and gave a peak at ,2.30 V versus Ag/AgNO3. The 1,2,3-triazine unit-containing poly(arylene ethynylene) (PATZ) polymer synthesized and investigated here. [source]

New Poly(sodium carboxylate)s Based on Saccharides, 1.

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Issue 18 2002
Characterization of Ionic Allyl Glycoside Polymers, Synthesis
Abstract New poly(sodium carboxylate)s, containing monosaccharide side groups with ether linkages to the main chain, are presented as substitutes for water-soluble homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid. Neutral and ionic allyl glycoside monomers, namely allyl- , - D -galactopyranoside and allyl- , - D -glucofuranosidurono-6,3-lactone, were synthesized by Fischer glycosidation. These monomers were copolymerized with maleic anhydride and itaconic acid in aqueous and nonaqueous solution. The corresponding copolymers with different structures, degrees of functionalization, and charge densities were characterized by 13C NMR spectroscopy, molecular-weight measurements, and intrinsic viscosity [,] determination. From these, the monomer reactivity ratios and Mark,Houwink relations were established (see Figure). Copolymerization curves of maleic acid copolymers 6 and 10. M1: mole fraction of allyl monomer 2, and 5, in the feed; m1: mole fraction of allyl monomer in the copolymer. The dashed line shows the course of an ideal alternating copolymerization (excepted: M1,=,0 mol-%, M1,=,100 mol-%). [source]

A New Poly(2,7-Dibenzosilole) Derivative in Polymer Solar Cells

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 22 2007
Pierre-Luc T. Boudreault
Abstract A new soluble conjugated copolymer based on 2,7-dibenzosilole and 4,7-dithien-2-yl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole units has been synthesized (PBSDTBT). Bulk heterojunction solar cell devices are fabricated using this material as the donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the acceptor. The power conversion efficiency is 1.6% under AM1.5 illumination. This material also shows a good VOC (0.97 V). The results are quite promising considering the relatively large bandgap (1.9 eV) of this polymer. [source]

Efficient blue-green-emitting poly[(5-diphenylamino-1,3-phenylenevinylene)- alt -(2,5-dihexyloxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene)] derivatives: Synthesis and optical properties

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 7 2006
Liang Liao
Abstract New poly(phenylene vinylene) derivatives with a 5-diphenylamino-1,3-phenylene linkage (including polymers 2, 3, and 5) have been synthesized to improve the charge-injection properties. These polymers are highly photoluminescent with fluorescent quantum yields as high as 76% in tetrahydrofuran solutions. With effective ,-conjugation interruption at adjacent m -phenylene units, chromophores of different conjugation lengths can be incorporated into the polymer chain in a controllable manner. In polymer 2, the structural regularity leads to an isolated, well-defined emitting chromophore. Isomeric polymer 3 of a random chain sequence, however, allows the effective emitting chromophores to be joined in sequence by sharing a common m -phenylene linkage (as shown in a molecular fragment). Double-layer light-emitting-diode devices using 2, 3, and 5 as emitting layers have turn-on voltages of about 3.5 V and produce blue-green emissions with peaks at 493, 492, and 482 nm and external quantum efficiencies up to 1.42, 0.98, and 1.53%, respectively. In comparison with a light-emitting diode using 2, a device using 3 shows improved charge injection and displays increased brightness by a factor of ,3 to 1400 cd/m2 at an 8-V bias. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2307,2315, 2006 [source]

Kinetics of the volume phase transition in poly(n -isopropylacrylamide) gels prepared under high pressure

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 13 2001
Tadayosi Kitada
Abstract New poly(N -isopropylacrylamide) gels were prepared under high pressure (ca. 200 MPa) during gelation. The preparation-pressure dependence of the deswelling speed of the gels was measured with a conventional T-jump method. The deswelling time of a gel rod 2.2 mm in diameter prepared at 193 MPa was about 200 s, 1000 times faster than that of a homogeneous poly(N -isopropylacrylamide) gel. Moreover, the collective diffusion coefficient, the thermal fluctuation, and the ensemble-average intensity of the swollen gel networks were obtained with dynamic light scattering measurements. Both the enthalpy and entropy of the gels were estimated from equilibrium swelling curves with the Flory,Huggins interaction parameter evaluated with mean field theory based on the Flory-type of the Gibbs free-energy formula. It was found that the networks of the gels had an inhomogeneous structure newly introduced by the preparation pressure. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2315,2325, 2001 [source]

New Poly(sodium carboxylate)s Based on Saccharides, 1.

Macroporous monolithic chiral stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography: New chiral monomer derived from cinchona alkaloid with enhanced enantioselectivity

ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 17 2003
Michael Lämmerhofer
Abstract A new chiral monomer derived from cinchona alkaloid, namely O -9-(tert -butylcarbamoyl)-11-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylthio]-10,11-dihydroquinine 1, was employed for the preparation of enantioselective monolithic capillary columns by an in situ copolymerization with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 2 (HEMA), ethylene dimethacrylate 3 (EDMA) in the presence of cyclohexanol and 1-dodecanol as porogens (UV or thermal initiation of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as radical initiator). The porous properties and the electrochromatographic behavior of the new chiral monoliths were comparatively evaluated with previously described analogs obtained from O -9-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl]-10,11-dihydroquinidine 4 as chiral monomer. Despite close structural and physicochemical similarities of the both chiral monomers, the pore distribution profiles of the resulting monoliths were shifted typically towards larger pore diameters with the new monomer 1. Once more, it was confirmed that a low cross-linking (10 wt% related to total monomers) and a pore diameter of about 1 ,m in the dry state provides the best electrochromatographic efficiency as a result of lower resistance to mass transfer (smaller C-term contribution to peak broadening) and more homogeneous flow profile (smaller A-term). Most importantly, as expected the new poly(1 - co -HEMA- co -EDMA) monoliths showed enhanced enantioselectivities and in addition faster separations as compared to poly(4 - co -HEMA- co -EDMA) analogs, which represents a significant improvement. Further, the elution order was reversed owing to the pseudoenantiomeric behavior of quinine- and quinidine-derived monomers. Fluorescence-labeled 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMOC), dansyl (DNS), 7-dimethylaminosulfonyl-1,3,2-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (DBD), carbazole-9-carbonyl (CC) amino acids could be separated with resolution values between 2 and 4 (with efficiencies typically between 100,000 and 200,000 plates/m) and fluorescence detection (variable wavelength fluorescence detector in-line with UV) yielding routinely a gain in detection sensitivities up to two orders of magnitude without specific optimization of the conditions with regards to fluorescence efficiency. [source]

Colloidal Films That Mimic Cilia

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 18 2010
Fang Liu
Abstract Cilia are wavy hair-like structures that extend outward from surfaces of various organisms. They are classified into two general categories, primary cilia, which exhibit sensing attributes, and motile cilia, which exert mechanical forces. A new poly(2-(N,N -dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate- co -n-butyl acrylate- co - N,N -(dimethylamino) azobenzene acrylamide) (p(DMAEMA/nBA/DMAAZOAm) copolymer is prepared using colloidal synthesis, which, upon coalescence, form films capable of generating surfaces with cilia-like features. While film morphological features allow the formation of wavy whiskers, the chemical composition of the copolymer facilitates chemical, thermal, and electromagnetic responses manifested by simultaneous shape and color changes as well as excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence. These studies demonstrate that synthetically produced polymeric films can exhibit combined thermal, chemical, and electromagnetic sensing leading to locomotive and color responses, which may find numerous applications in sensing devices, intelligent actuators, defensive mechanisms, and others. [source]

Enhanced Optical Properties and Opaline Self-Assembly of PPV Encapsulated in Mesoporous Silica Spheres

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 23 2009
Timothy L. Kelly
Abstract A new poly(p -phenylenevinylene) (PPV) composite material has been developed by the incorporation of insoluble PPV polymer chains in the pores of monodisperse mesoporous silica spheres through an ion-exchange and in situ polymerization method. The polymer distribution within the resultant colloidal particles is characterized by electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption. It was found that the polymer was selectively incorporated into the mesopores of the silica host and was well distributed throughout the body of the particles. This confinement of the polymer influences the optical properties of the composite; these were examined by UV,vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and time-correlated single-photon counting. The results show a material that exhibits an extremely high fluorescence quantum yield (approaching 85%), and an improved resistance to oxidative photobleaching compared to PPV. These enhanced optical properties are further complemented by the overall processability of the colloidal material. In marked contrast to the insolubility of PPV, the material can be processed as a stable colloidal dispersion, and the individual composite spheres can be self-assembled into opaline films using the vertical deposition method. The bandgap of the opal can be engineered to overlap with the emission band of the polymer, which has significant ramifications for lasing. [source]

Synthesis and characterization of high thermally-stable and good soluble PVK-based polymers with perylene moiety

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008
Jianli Hua
Abstract Three new poly(N -vinylcarbazole) (PVK)-based copolymers containing N -(n -butyl)- N -ethyl-1,6,7,12-tetra-(4- tert -butyl-phenoxy)-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic bisimides were successfully synthesized by partially formylated by the standard Vilsmeier reaction, and the formyl groups of high reactivity are condensed with cyanoacetylated perylene to afford PVK-based polymers. The copolymers containing different percentage of perylene were obtained through the percentage of cyanoacetylated perylene unit being controlled by the initial feed ratio. The structures and properties of three copolymers were characterized and evaluated by FT-IR, NMR, UV,vis, FL spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. The polymers were highly soluble in conventional solvents such as toluene, CHCl3, THF, DMF etc., and they were thermally stable up to 442,445°C. Three copolymers have emission spectra with characteristic features of the perylene unit, and fluorescence quantum yields of polymers are higher than that of perylene bisimide, which may be caused by singlet,singlet energy transfer from PVK backbone to perylene in the polymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 [source]

Synthesis, characterization, and comparison of properties of novel fluorinated poly(imide siloxane) copolymers

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008
Anindita Ghosh
Abstract Four new poly(imide siloxane) copolymers were prepared by a one-pot solution imidization method at a reaction temperature of 180°C in ortho -dichlorobenzene as a solvent. The polymers were made through the reaction of o -diphthaleic anhydride with four different diamines,4,4,-bis(p -aminophenoxy-3,3,-trifluoromethyl) terphenyl, 4,4,-bis(3,-trifluoromethyl- p -aminobiphenyl ether)biphenyl, 2,6-bis(3,-trifluoromethyl- p -aminobiphenyl ether)pyridine, and 2,5-bis(3,-trifluoromethyl- p -aminobiphenylether)thiopene,and aminopropyl-terminated poly dimethylsiloxane as a comonomer. The polymers were named 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, respectively. The synthesized polymers showed good solubility in different organic solvents. The resulting polymers were well characterized with gel permeation chromatography, IR, and NMR techniques. 1H-NMR indicated that the siloxane loading was about 36%, although 40 wt % was attempted. 29Si-NMR confirmed that the low siloxane incorporation was due to a disproportionation reaction of the siloxane chain that resulted in a lowering of the siloxane block length. The films of these polymers showed low water absorption of 0.02% and a low dielectric constant of 2.38 at 1 MHz. These polyimides showed good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures (5% weight loss) up to 460°C in nitrogen. Transparent, thin films of these poly(imide siloxane)s exhibited tensile strengths up to 30 MPa and elongations at break up to 103%, which depended on the structure of the repeating unit. The rheological properties showed ease of processability for these polymers with no change in the melt viscosity with the temperature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 [source]

Synthesis and characterization of a series of diverse poly(2-oxazoline)s

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 15 2009
Kristian Kempe
Abstract This article describes the synthesis and characterization of a variety of new poly(2-oxazoline)s. With regard to functional polymers, 2-oxazolines represent an interesting class of monomers because of the easy variation of the substituent in 2-position. Starting from the corresponding nitriles, different 2-oxazolines were obtained containing a diverse set of 2-substituents, including thioether bonds (M11), trifluoromethyl groups (M8, M10), and alkyl- or aryl groups (M1,M7). The subsequent polymerization of the majority of these monomers proceeded in a living manner, which was demonstrated by linear first-order kinetics, a linear increase of molar mass with conversion, and relatively narrow molar mass distributions. In addition, selected thermal and surface properties of the polymers were studied utilizing DSC and contact-angle measurements to determine the effects of different 2-substituents on the macroscopic properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3829,3838, 2009 [source]

Photophysical and electrochemical characterization of new poly(arylene vinylene) copolymers containing quinoline or bisquinoline segments

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 13 2009
John A. Mikroyannidis
Abstract Four new fluorescent conjugated vinylene-copolymers incorporating quinoline or bisquinoline segments along the backbone were synthesized by Heck coupling. Three of them were fluorenevinylene-copolymers and contained quinoline (PQFV, PQFVT) or bisquinoline segments (PBQFV). One of them (PBQPV) was phenylenevinylene-copolymer and contained bisquinoline segments. All the copolymers were soluble in common organic solvents and had relatively low glass transition temperature (Tg = 50,56 °C for fluorenevinylenes and Tg < 25 °C for phenylenevinylene). In THF solutions, the quinoline-containing copolymers showed absorption maxima at 411,420 nm while the bisquinoline-containing ones exhibited maxima at 357,361 nm. The emission maxima of solutions were 465,490 nm. The copolymers showed high quantum yields up to 64%. The films exhibited absorption and emission maxima in the range of 371,437 nm and 480,521 nm, respectively. All copolymers revealed reversible reduction with electron affinity of 2.66,3.53 eV and irreversible oxidation scans with ionization potential of 5.39,5.53 eV. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3370,3379, 2009 [source]

Functional syndiotactic poly(,-hydroxyalkanoate)s via stereoselective ring-opening copolymerization of rac -,-butyrolactone and rac -allyl-,-butyrolactone

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 12 2009
Noureddine Ajellal
Abstract The copolymerization of racemic ,-butyrolactone (rac -BLMe) with racemic "allyl-,-butyrolactone" (rac -BLallyl) in toluene, catalyzed by the discrete amino-alkoxy-bis(phenolate) yttrium-amido complex 1, gave new poly(,-hydroxyalkanoate)s with unsaturated side chains. The poly(BLMe - co -BLallyl) copolymers produced have a highly syndiotactic backbone structure (Pr = 0.80,0.84) with a random enchainment of monomer units, as evidenced by 13C NMR, and high molecular weight (Mn up to 58,000 g mol,1) with a narrow polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.07,1.37), as determined by GPC. The comonomer incorporation (5,50 mol % rac -BLallyl) was a linear function of the feed ratio. The pendant vinyl bond of the side-chains in those poly(BLMe - co -BLallyl) copolymers allowed the effective introduction of hydroxy or epoxy groups via dihydroxylation, hydroboration-oxidation or epoxidation reactions. NMR studies indicated that all of these transformations proceed in an essentially quantitative conversion and do not affect the macromolecular architecture. Some thermal properties (Tm, ,Hm, Tg) of the prepared polymers have been also evaluated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3177,3189, 2009 [source]

Synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of new amide-modified poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate),

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 1 2006
P. Deepa
Abstract New series of cycloaliphatic poly(ester-amide)s, poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethyleneterephthalate- co -1,3-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalamide), were synthesized through solution polymerization route. The compositions of ester/amide units in the copolymers were varied from 0 to 100% by varying the amount of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and 1,3-cyclohexanebis(methylamine) in the feed. The structures of the polymers were confirmed by NMR and FTIR, and the molecular weights were determined by inherent viscosity. The composition analysis by NMR reveals that the reactivity of the diamine toward the acid chlorides is lowered than that of diol, which results in the formation of more ester content in the poly (ester-amides). The thermal analysis indicate that the new poly(ester-amide)s having less than 10 mol % of amide linkages are thermotropic liquid crystalline from 200 to 250 °C and a thread like nematic phases are observed under the polarizing microscope. WXRD studies suggest that the liquid crystalline domains promote the nucleation process in the polyester chains and increases the percent crystallinity of the poly(ester-amide)s. The glass transition temperature of the copolymers initially increases with increase in amide units because of the presence of nematic phases and subsequently follows the Flory,Fox behavior. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 42,52, 2006 [source]

Synthesis, optical properties, and electroluminescence of conjugated poly(p -phenylenevinylene) derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole and pyridine rings in the main chain

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 13 2004
John A. Mikroyannidis
Abstract Three new poly(p -phenylenevinylene) derivatives,PO, POD, and POP,with oxadiazole and pyridine rings along the main chain were synthesized via Heck coupling. The polymers were amorphous and dissolved readily in common organic solvents. They showed relatively low glass-transition temperatures (up to 42 °C) and satisfactory thermal stability. Solutions of the polymers emitted blue-greenish light with photoluminescence (PL) emission maxima around 460 nm and PL quantum yields of 0.28,0.49. Thin films of the polymers displayed PL emission maxima at 461,521 nm, and their tendency to form aggregates was significantly influenced by the chemical structure. Light-emitting diodes with polymers PO and POP, with an indium tin oxide/poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/polymer/Ca configuration, emitted yellow and green light, respectively, and this could be attributed to excimer emission. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3212,3223, 2004 [source]

Synthesis and Characterization of New Types of Perylene Bisimide-Containing Conjugated Copolymers,

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 9 2005
Xiaorong He
Abstract Summary: Two new poly(perylene bisimide) polymers that contain biphenyl (PPery) and anthracene (PPeAn) groups at the bay position of perylene bisimide are designed and synthesized. The images of scanning and transmission electron microscopies for PPery and PPeAn show that both polymers form uniform nanoparticles. These copolymers emit red photoluminescence at around 640 nm with a relatively high photoluminescence quantum yield, 48% (in solution) for PPery and 68% (in solution) for PPeAn. Structures of the new copolymers synthesized here: PPery and PPeAn. [source]

Synthesis and characterization of novel diimide,dinaphthols and resulting poly(urethane,imide)s

POLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2003
Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei
Abstract Novel diols containing imide groups were prepared via condensation of aromatic dianhydrides with 5-amino-1-naphthol. The diimide,dinaphthols prepared were characterized by conventional methods and used to synthesize new poly(urethane,imide)s (PUIs). All the polymers were characterized and their physical properties, such as solubility, solution viscosity, thermal stability, and thermal behaviour were studied. The polymers obtained showed more thermal stability than typical polyurethanes because of the presence of the imide groups. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Design of new poly(ethylene) based materials by coordination (co)polymerization of macromonomers with ethylene,

POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 9-10 2006
J.-F. Lahitte
Abstract The present work discusses first the homopolymerization of , -allyl, , -undecenyl or , -vinylbenzyl polystyrene (PS) macromonomers in the presence of selected early or late transition metal catalysts. Homopolymerization degrees were found to depend on the type of catalyst, the terminal double bond, the polymerization temperature and the concentration of the various species. Higher molar masses were reached at low temperatures and low catalyst and cocatalyst concentrations. Best results were obtained with the constrained geometry catalyst (CGC)-Ti. The same PS macromonomers were copolymerized with ethylene in the presence of the VERSIPOLTM catalyst to design a new type of poly(ethylene) based graft copolymer. The macromonomer weight percent content decreases with increasing ethylene pressure whereas the molar mass of the copolymer increases with ethylene pressure. The PS macromonomer content as well as the molar mass of the copolymer can be still increased by using ,,, -difunctional PS macromonomers. The dilute solution and solid-state behavior of these copolymers were examined and compared to those of poly(ethylenes) prepared under the same conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]