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New Elements (new + element)
Selected AbstractsApplication of the quadrilateral area co-ordinate method: a new element for Mindlin,Reissner plateINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 1 2006Song Cen Abstract The quadrilateral area co-ordinate method is used to formulate a new quadrilateral element for Mindlin,Reissner plate bending problem. Firstly, an independent shear field is assumed based on the locking-free Timoshenko's beam formulae; secondly, a fourth-order deflection field is assumed by introducing some generalized conforming conditions; thirdly, the rotation field is determined by the strain,displacement relations. Furthermore, a hybrid post-processing procedure is suggested to improve the stress/internal force solutions. Following this procedure, a new 4-node, 12-dof quadrilateral element, named AC-MQ4, is successfully constructed. Since all formulations are expressed by the area co-ordinates, element AC-MQ4 presents some different, but beneficial characters when compared with other usual models. Numerical examples show the new element is free of shear locking, insensitive to mesh distortion, and possesses excellent accuracy in the analysis of both thick and thin plates. It has also been demonstrated that the area co-ordinate method, the generalized conforming condition method, and the hybrid post-processing procedure are efficient tools for developing simple, effective and reliable finite element models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Smart element method II.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 10 2005An element based on the finite Eshelby tensor Abstract In this study, we apply the newly derived finite Eshelby tensor in a variational multiscale formulation to construct a smart element through a more accurate homogenization procedure. The so-called Neumann,Eshelby tensor for an inclusion in a finite domain is used in the fine scale feedback procedure to take into account the interactions among different scales and elements. Numerical experiments have been conducted to compare the performance and robustness of the new element to earlier formulations. The results showed that the smart element constructed via the Neumann,Eshelby tensor of a finite domain provides better numerical accuracy than that constructed via the Eshelby tensor of an infinite domain. Moreover, it can relieve volumetric locking. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] On the Way to a Better Future: Belgium as Transit Country for Trafficking and Smuggling of Unaccompanied Minors1INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 4 2005Ilse Derluyn ABSTRACT During the last decade, irregular border crossings emerged as a new element in international migratory flows, with smuggling and trafficking networks being an essential part. Many people are compelled to use these networks to realize their dream of a better living, and for many this "promised land" is the United Kingdom (UK). Belgium has important sea connections with the UK, and is, therefore, an important migration transit zone, although many migrants are intercepted on Belgian territory during their tempt to reach the UK. Some are unaccompanied or separated children and adolescents, minors travelling without parent(s) or a legal caregiver. This study aims to gain insight about this population of unaccompanied minors travelling to the UK. We use the situation in Zeebrugge, one of Belgium's main ports, as a case study. We analysed 1,093 data files of unaccompanied minors intercepted in Zeebrugge, and carried out participatory observation at the shipping police station. The intercepted unaccompanied minors are mainly male, between 15 and 18 years of age, and from an Asian or Eastern European country. Of the 899 unique persons found in the data files, 113 were intercepted several times. After the interception, the Aliens Office gives the majority (82.9%) an identity document without a requirement to leave Belgium, while 15.3 per cent must leave Belgium immediately or within five days. In 82.9 per cent of the cases, a child protection officer is contacted to make a decision about the situation. In 67.2 per cent of these cases, no child protection measure is taken, and the minor may leave the police station; in 32 per cent of the cases, the minor is transferred to a centre, mostly crisis reception. Almost all unaccompanied minors are convinced they want to reach the UK to create a better livelihood, join a family member, or escape a difficult political situation. Nevertheless, most travel in difficult circumstances; are scared; and lack essential information about life in the UK, their possibilities in Belgium, what will happen if they are transferred to a centre, and so forth. Most minors also do not want to be transferred to a centre, and many , although not all , disappear again from the centres. This study has several implications concerning the kind of decisions taken by the legal authorities, the necessary physical and psycho-social care and the availability of an interpreter and social worker during the interception, the number of reception places and the care in these centres, and the tasks of the legal guardian. Finally, some limitations of the study are mentioned. VERS UN AVENIR MEILLEUR : LA BELGIQUE COMME PAYS DE TRANSIT POUR LA TRAITE ET L'INTRODUCTION CLANDESTINE DE MINEURS NON ACCOMPAGNÉS Au cours de la dernière décennie, le franchissement irrégulier des frontières est apparu comme un nouvel élément des flux migratoires internationaux, dont les réseaux de traite et d'introduction clandestine sont un aspect essentiel. Beaucoup de gens sont forcés d'utiliser ces réseaux pour réaliser leur rêve d'une vie meilleure et pour beaucoup, cette « terre promise », c'est le Royaume-Uni. La Belgique ayant d'importantes liaisons maritimes avec le Royaume-Uni con-stitue de ce fait une importante zone de transit pour les migrations, bien que de nombreux migrants soient interceptés sur le territoire belge alors qu'ils tentent d'atteindre le Royaume-Uni. Certains d'entre eux sont des enfants et des adoles-cents non accompagnés, séparés, des mineurs qui voyagent sans parent(s), sans personne qui en ait la garde juridique. Cette étude vise à mieux connaître cette population de mineurs non accompagnés voyageant en direction du Royaume-Uni. Nous prenons comme cas concret la situation à Zeebrugge, l'un des principaux ports belges. Nous avons analysé 1 093 fichiers de données concernant des mineurs non accompagnés interceptés à Zeebrugge, et nous sommes livrés à une observation participative au poste de police du port. Les mineurs non accompagnés inter-ceptés sont pour la plupart des garçons âgés de quinze à dix-huit ans originaires d'un pays d'Asie ou d'Europe orientale. Sur les 899 personnes trouvées dans les fichiers, 113 ont été interceptées plusieurs fois. Après l'interception, les Ser-vices de l'immigration donnent à la majorité de ces garçons un document d'identité sans obligation de quitter la Belgique, alors que 15,3 pour cent d'entre eux doivent quitter le pays, soit immédiatement soit dans les cinq jours. Dans 82,9 pour cent des cas, un agent de protection de l'enfance est contacté pour prendre une décision quant à la situation. Dans 67,2 pour cent de ces cas, aucune mesure de protection de l'enfant n'est prise et le mineur peut quitter le poste de police. Dans 32 pour cent des cas, le mineur est transféré dans un centre, un lieu d'accueil pour les situations de crise. Presque tous les mineurs non accompagnés sont convaincus de vouloir se rendre au Royaume-Uni pour y gagner leur vie, retrouver un membre de leur famille ou échapper à une situation politique difficile. Pourtant, la plupart de ces mineurs voyagent dans des circonstances difficiles. Ils ont peur. Ils n'ont pas les informations essentielles sur la vie au Royaume-Uni, sur les possibilités qui existent pour eux en Belgique, sur ce qui se passera s'ils sont transférés dans un centre. Beaucoup , mais pas tous , disparaissent de ces centres. Cette étude a diverses implications concernant le genre de décisions que pren-nent les autorités juridiques, les nécessaires soins physiques et psychosociaux pendant l'interception ainsi que la présence d'un interprète et d'un travailleur social, le nombre de places et les soins dans les centres d'accueil, les tâches de la personne qui a la responsabilité légale du mineur. Enfin, certaines limites de cette étude sont évoquées. CON MIRAS A UN MEJOR FUTURO: BÉLGICA COMO PAÍS DE TRÁNSITO DE LA TRATA Y EL TRÁFICO DE MENORES NO ACOMPAÑADOS Durante la última década, los cruces fronterizos irregulares se han convertido en un nuevo elemento de las corrientes migratorias internacionales, siendo un componente esencial de ellas las redes de tráfico y trata de personas. Son muchas las personas que se ven obligadas a recurrir a estas redes para hacer realidad su sueño de una vida mejor y para muchos "la tierra prometida" es el Reino Unido. Bélgica tiene importantes conexiones marítimas con el Reino Unido y, por consi-guiente, es una zona de tránsito de la migración sumamente importante, aunque muchos migrantes son interceptados en territorio belga en su intento por llegar al Reino Unido. Entre las personas interceptadas se encuentran niños y adoles-centes, menores de edad que viajan solos, sin sus padres o tutor legal. Este estudio tiene por objeto comprender cómo esta población de menores no acom-pañados viaja al Reino Unido. Con ese fin, se recurre a un estudio por casos examinando la situación en Zeebrugge, uno de los principales puertos de Bélgica. Se han analizado 1.093 expedientes de menores no acompañados, interceptados en Zeebrugge, y se ha realizado una observación participativa en la estación de policía naval. Los menores no acompañados interceptados eran principalmente varones, entre 15 y 18 años de edad, provenientes de Asia y Europa oriental. De las 899 personas no acompañadas encontradas en los expedientes, 113 habían sido interceptadas varias veces. Tras la intercepción, el Servicio de Inmigración otorga a la mayoría un documento de identidad (82,9 por ciento) sin obligarles a abandonar Bélgica, mientras que el 15,3 por ciento debe salir inmediatamente de Bélgica, o bien en un plazo máximo de cinco días. En el 82,9 por ciento de los casos, se establece contacto con un oficial de la protección de la infancia para que decida en cuanto a la situación del menor. En el 67,2 por ciento de estos casos, no se adopta ninguna medida de protección del menor y éste puede abandonar la estación de policía; y en el 32 por ciento de los casos, se transfiere al menor a un centro de recepción que se ocupa de casos críticos. Prácticamente todos los menores no acompañados tienen la certeza de que llegarán al Reino Unido para tener una mejor vida, reunirse con un familiar, o escapar de la difícil situación política. No obstante, la mayoría viaja en condiciones difí-ciles, tiene miedo y carece de información esencial sobre la vida en el Reino Unido, sobre sus posibilidades en Bélgica, y sobre lo que ocurrirá si son trans-feridos a un centro, etc. La mayoría de estos menores no quiere ser transferida a un centro y muchos, aunque no todos, se escapan de los mismos. Este estudio repercutirá, sin lugar a dudas, en las decisiones que adoptan las autoridades jurídicas, en la atención física y sicosocial necesarias, en la disponi-bilidad de un intérprete o trabajador social durante la intercepción, así como en el número de plazas de acogida y de atención en estos centros, y en las tareas que incumben a todo tutor legal. Finalmente, se enumeran algunas de las limitaciones de este estudio. [source] Integrated 3-D model from gravity and petrophysical data at the Bosumtwi impact structure, GhanaMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 4-5 2007Hernan UGALDE A vast amount of geoscience data is available from the pre-site surveys and the actual drilling phase. A 3-D gravity model was constructed and calibrated with the available data from the two ICDP boreholes, LB-07A and LB-08A. The 3-D gravity model results agree well with both the sediment thickness and size of the central uplift revealed by previously collected seismic data, and with the petrophysical data from the LB-08A and LB-07A core materials and the two borehole logs. Furthermore, the model exhibits lateral density variations across the structure and refines the results from previous 2.5-D modeling. An important new element of the 3-D model is that the thickness of the intervals comprising polymict lithic impact breccia and suevite, monomict lithic breccia and fractured basement is much smaller than that predicted by numerical modeling. [source] ARCHAEOMETRIC STUDY OF PROTOHISTORIC GRINDING TOOLS OF VOLCANIC ROCKS FOUND IN THE KARST (ITALY,SLOVENIA) AND ISTRIA (CROATIA),ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 4 2004F. ANTONELLI This paper presents the results of the archaeometric study of 30 grinding tools found in the Karst plateau (an area that spreads from the northeastern border of Italy to Slovenia) and in the Istria peninsula (Croatia). The petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the artefacts indicate that most of them would be made of trachytic volcanites extracted from the Euganean Hills, near Padua (Veneto). It is known that trachytic rocks from this area had been widely exploited in northern Italy during protohistoric times, but these data considerably enlarge the area of diffusion of saddle-querns made of these rocks, extending it to Istria. Additionally, the likely provenance from Mount Etna of few other pieces of mugearites and hawaiites represents a new element, to be fully evaluated in the context of trans-Adriatic exchange/trade connections. Analytical data and possible archaeological inferences are presented in detail in the text. [source] Shaggy/GSK-3, kinase localizes to the centrosome and to specialized cytoskeletal structures in DrosophilaCYTOSKELETON, Issue 6 2006Yves Bobinnec Abstract The assembly of a functional bipolar mitotic spindle requires an exquisite regulation of microtubule behavior in time and space. To characterize new elements of this machinery we carried out a GFP based "protein trap" screen and selected fusion proteins which localized to the spindle apparatus. By this method we identified Shaggy, the Drosophila homologue of glycogen synthase kinase-3, (GSK-3,), as a component of centrosomes. GSK-3, acting in the Wingless signaling pathway is involved in a vast range of developmental processes, from pattern formation to cell-fate specification, and is a key factor for cell proliferation in most animals. We exploited our Shaggy::GFP Drosophila line to analyze the subcellular localizations of GSK-3,/Shaggy and shed light on its multiple roles during embryogenesis. We found that Shaggy becomes enriched transiently in a variety of specialized cytoskeletal structures of the embryo, including centrosomes throughout mitosis, suggesting that this kinase is involved in the regulation of many aspects of the cytoskeleton function. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A European methodology for sustainable development strategy reviewsENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 2 2010Joachim H. Spangenberg Abstract In 2005 the EU Environment Directorate initiated the production of a guidebook for peer reviews of national sustainable development strategies (NSDSs), which was published in 2006. Its objective is to support EU member states planning to evaluate their respective NSDS, supporting and stimulating all potential participants. It describes how to initiate, start, lead and conclude an evaluation process, and suggests, based on European experiences, a spectrum of methods available for this purpose. During a Commission-sponsored trial period, 2006/2007, the Netherlands was the only country to make use of this offer. However, the renewed EU Sustainable Development Strategy (EUSDS) calls for regular (peer) reviews of NSDS. Using this specific review instrument is recommended as part of a mutual learning exercise, which might stimulate a self-organized convergence of NSDSs, and better vertical integration, without establishing new competences and mechanisms on the EU level. Two new elements are suggested, a simple ,pressure,policy matrix' (PPM), supporting comprehensiveness control, and the possibility of patchwork evaluations, based on the systematique of the matrix. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] New vistas on macrophage differentiation and activationEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2007Alberto Mantovani Prof. Abstract Plasticity and heterogeneity are hallmarks of myelomonocytic differentiation and polarized activation. Evidence published in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, together with other recent data, add new elements and perspectives to the current understanding of mononuclear phagocyte differentiation and activation and are discussed in this Commentary. See accompanying articles http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200636054 and http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200636788 [source] The Development of New Analytic Elements for Transient Flow and Multiaquifer FlowGROUND WATER, Issue 1 2006O.D.L. Strack We deal in this paper with an ongoing development of the analytic element method. We present in outline new analytic line elements that are suitable to model general flow fields, i.e., flow fields that possess a continuously varying areal inflow or outflow. These elements are constructed specifically to model the leakage through leaky layers that separate aquifers in leaky systems and to model transient effects. The leakage or release from storage underneath linear features is modeled precisely by the new elements; the singularity in leakage is matched exactly by the approximate solution. Applications are given for a problem involving leakage and for a case of transient flow. We note that the analytic elements can be used also to reproduce the effect of continuously varying aquifer properties, e.g., the hydraulic conductivity or the elevation of the base of the aquifer. In the latter case, the elements would reproduce the rotation of the flow field caused by the variation in properties, rather than the divergence as for the case of leakage. [source] Three-dimensional discontinuous Galerkin elements with plane waves and Lagrange multipliers for the solution of mid-frequency Helmholtz problemsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2006Radek Tezaur Abstract Recently, a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method with plane wave basis functions and Lagrange multiplier degrees of freedom was proposed for the efficient solution in two dimensions of Helmholtz problems in the mid-frequency regime. In this paper, this method is extended to three dimensions and several new elements are proposed. Computational results obtained for several wave guide and acoustic scattering model problems demonstrate one to two orders of magnitude solution time improvement over the higher-order Galerkin method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Generalized nodes and high-performance elementsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 15 2005Rong Tian Abstract The paper concerns the development of robust and high accuracy finite elements with only corner nodes using a partition-of-unity-based finite-element approximation. Construction of the partition-of-unity-based approximation is accomplished by a physically defined local function of displacements. A 4-node quadratic tetrahedral element and a 3-node quadratic triangular element are developed. Eigenvalue analysis shows that linear dependencies in the partition-of-unity-based finite-element approximation constructed for the new elements are eliminable. Numerical calculations demonstrate that the new elements are robust, insensitive to mesh distortion, and offer quadratic accuracy, while also keeping mesh generation extremely simple. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] F-bar-based linear triangles and tetrahedra for finite strain analysis of nearly incompressible solids.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2005Part I: formulation, benchmarking Abstract This paper proposes a new technique which allows the use of simplex finite elements (linear triangles in 2D and linear tetrahedra in 3D) in the large strain analysis of nearly incompressible solids. The new technique extends the F-bar method proposed by de Souza Neto et al. (Int. J. Solids and Struct. 1996; 33: 3277,3296) and is conceptually very simple: It relies on the enforcement of (near-) incompressibility over a patch of simplex elements (rather than the point-wise enforcement of conventional displacement-based finite elements). Within the framework of the F-bar method, this is achieved by assuming, for each element of a mesh, a modified (F-bar) deformation gradient whose volumetric component is defined as the volume change ratio of a pre-defined patch of elements. The resulting constraint relaxation effectively overcomes volumetric locking and allows the successful use of simplex elements under finite strain near-incompressibility. As the original F-bar procedure, the present methodology preserves the displacement-based structure of the finite element equations as well as the strain-driven format of standard algorithms for numerical integration of path-dependent constitutive equations and can be used regardless of the constitutive model adopted. The new elements are implemented within an implicit quasi-static environment. In this context, a closed form expression for the exact tangent stiffness of the new elements is derived. This allows the use of the full Newton,Raphson scheme for equilibrium iterations. The performance of the proposed elements is assessed by means of a comprehensive set of benchmarking two- and three-dimensional numerical examples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Two simple and efficient displacement-based quadrilateral elements for the analysis of composite laminated platesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 11 2004Y. X. Zhang Abstract Two simple 4-node 20-DOF and 4-node 24-DOF displacement-based quadrilateral elements named RDKQ-L20 and RDKQ-L24 are developed in this paper based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) for linear analysis of thin to moderately thick laminates. The deflection and rotation functions of the element sides are obtained from Timoshenko's laminated composite beam functions. Linear displacement interpolation functions of the standard 4-node quadrilateral isoparametric plane element and displacement functions of a quadrilateral plane element with drilling degrees of freedom are taken as in-plane displacements of the proposed elements RDKQ-L20 and RDKQ-L24, respectively. Due to the application of Timoshenko's laminated composite beam functions, convergence can be ensured theoretically for very thin laminates. The elements are simple in formulation, and shear-locking free for extremely thin laminates even with full integration. A hybrid-enhanced procedure is employed to improve the accuracy of stress analysis, especially for transverse shear stresses. Numerical tests show that the new elements are convergent, not sensitive to mesh distortion, accurate and efficient for analysis of thin to moderately thick laminates. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Using a Citizen Consensus Conference to Revise the Code of Ethics for Nurses in TaiwanJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 1 2007Chiou-Fen Lin Purpose: To revise the code of ethics for nurses in Taiwan. Design: Citizen consensus conference, Delphi-technique, and questionnaire survey were used in the revising process. Methods: Citizen representatives were recruited for a 5-day citizen consensus conference to develop a first draft of the revised code. Further modification resulted from three rounds of communication with Delphi technique among experts. Three conferences for nursing professionals were conducted where questionnaire surveys were administered. The final draft was approved by the general assembly of Taiwan National Union of Nurses Associations. Findings: A revised code of ethics for nurses in Taiwan was proposed in six parts and 27 articles including: the fundamental responsibilities of nurses (1), nurses and clients (12), nurses and professional services (4), nurses and social interactions (4), nurses and teamwork (3), and nurses and professional growth (3). Conclusions: The citizen consensus conference was helpful in identifying the general public's expectation of nurses in the revision process. The revised Taiwanese code of ethics for nurses has new elements, including environmental protection, personal safety, lifetime learning, and self-care. [source] Protein phosphatase 2A on track for nutrient-induced signalling in yeastMOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Piotr Zabrocki Summary Early studies identified two bona fide protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-encoding genes in Saccharo-myces cerevisiae, designated PPH21 and PPH22. In addition, three PP2A-related phosphatases, encoded by PPH3, SIT4 and PPG1, have been identified. All share as much as 86% sequence similarity at the amino acid level. This review will focus primarily on Pph21 and Pph22, but some aspects of Sit4 regulation will also be discussed. Whereas a role for PP2A in yeast morphology and cell cycle has been readily recognized, uncovering its function in yeast signal transduction is a more recent breakthrough. Via their interaction with phosphorylated Tap42, PP2A and Sit4 play a pivotal role in target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling. PPH22 overexpression mimics overactive cAMP,PKA (protein kinase A) signalling and PP2A and Sit4 might represent ceramide signalling targets. The methylation of its catalytic subunit stabilizes the heterotrimeric form of PP2A and might counteract TOR signalling. We will show how these new elements could lead us to understand the role and regulation of PP2A in nutrient-induced signalling in baker's yeast. [source] Sweet nationalism in bitter days: a commercial representation of ZionismNATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 3 2009ANAT FIRST ABSTRACT. This article identifies several theoretical approaches to the role of culture in the construction of national identity. Embedded in the presently emerging approach, which emphasises the relations between popular culture/consumerism and national identity, this study focuses on a specific consumer good manufactured in Israel in the early 2000s, the height of the second Palestinian Intifada (uprising): small sugar packets bearing portraits of the patriarchs of Zionism. The analysis of this product, employing semiotic analysis, interviews and focus groups, locates it in the five ,moments' of du Gay's ,circuit of culture' (i.e. identity, representation, production, consumption and regulation). Three main general arguments were stated, empirically examined and largely sustained: (1) Consumer goods are used not only for constructing national identity but also as a means for ,healing' it; (2) in their ,healing' capacity, representations of nationalism on consumer goods do not add new elements to representations offered by the ,high' official version of nationalism but replicate them in a simplified way; (3) while trivialising the insights and concepts that originated in ,high' culture, consumer goods expose the prejudices, stereotypes and rules of inclusion and exclusion that in ,high' culture are often hidden in a sophisticated manner. [source] A new class of stabilized mesh-free finite elements for the approximation of the Stokes problemNUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, Issue 5 2004V. V. K. Srinivas Kumar Abstract Previously, we solved the Stokes problem using a new linear - constant stabilized mesh-free finite element based on linear Weighted Extended B - splines (WEB-splines) as shape functions for the velocity approximation and constant extended B-splines for the pressure (Kumar et al., 2002). In this article we derive another linear-constant element that uses the Haar wavelets for the pressure approximation and a quadratic - linear element that uses quadrilateral bubble functions for the enrichment of the velocity approximation space. The inf-sup condition or Ladyshenskaya-Babus,ka-Brezzi (LBB) condition is verified for both the elements. The main advantage of these new elements over standard finite elements is that they use regular grids instead of irregular partitions of domain, thus eliminating the difficult and time consuming pre-processing step. Convergence and condition number estimates are derived. Numerical experiments in two space dimensions confirm the theoretical predictions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2004. [source] The week the couch arrivedTHE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Robert F. Tyminski Abstract:, Changes in the therapeutic environment can elicit intense and unpredictable responses from patients, who then react to the new elements with their own unique thoughts, fantasies, emotions and behaviours. When the change is very specific, and when it entails implications for the treatment itself, these patient responses can coalesce around more profound experiences of the transference as well as of the countertransference. The author, as a candidate or analyst-in-training, purchased an analytic couch for his office and observed the unfolding of what this new couch meant for existing treatments. Using clinical examples, he describes the three most common patient responses that occurred: rejecting, ambivalent, and embracing. The richly variant ideas and fantasies related to the analytic couch are described, and the couch's history within Freudian and Jungian contexts is reviewed. Personal determinants that could lead to the decision of whether to use a couch as part of analysis are considered from the standpoint of the analyst's preferences and own experience with the couch. The couch is discussed as a signifier of the analytic process with cultural meanings alluding not only to familiar stereotypes, but also to psychological healing and self-development. Translations of Abstract Des changements dans le lieu de la thérapie peuvent susciter des réactions intenses et imprévisibles chez les patients, chacun d'eux avec leurs propres pensées, fantasmes, émotions et attitudes. Quand le changement est très spécifique, et lorsqu'il porte des implications pour le traitement lui-même, les réactions de ces patients peuvent se combiner avec des vécus plus profonds du transfert ainsi que du contretransfert. L'auteur a acheté un divan pour son cabinet lorsqu'il a commencé sa formation analytique, et raconte ce qu'il a observé des effets juste de la présence de ce divan dans les traitements déjà en cours. A partir d'exemples cliniques il décrit les trois réactions les plus habituelles qui apparaissent chez les patients: rejet, ambivalence, adoption. Sont montrées les variations très riches dans les idées et fantasmes relatifs au divan. Une recension de l'histoire du divan dans les contextes freudiens et jungiens est faite. Les déterminants personnels qui peuvent amener à la décision de considérer le divan et son utilisation ou pas comme partie intégrante de l'analyse sont regardés du point de vue des préférences de l'analyste et de sa propre expérience du divan. Le divan est décrit comme étant un signifiant culturel du processus analytique se rapportant non seulement aux stereotypes connus, mais aussi à la détente et la cicatrisation psychologique ainsi qu'au développement du soi. Veränderungen in der therapeutischen Umgebung können intensive und unvorhersehbare Reaktionen der Patienten und Patientinnen hervorrufen, die auf das neue Element mit ihren eigenen einzigartigen Gedanken, Fantasien, Emotionen und Verhaltensweisen reagieren. Wenn es sich um eine sehr spezifische Veränderung handelt, die auch Implikationen für die Behandlung an sich beinhaltet, dann verbinden sich die Reaktionen der Patienten und Patientinnen mit tiefgehenden Erfahrungen in der Übertragung ebenso wie in der Gegenübertragung. Der Autor - als Kandidat oder Analytiker-in-Ausbildung - kaufte eine analytische Couch für seine Praxis und beobachtete, wie sich die Bedeutung dieser neuen Couch in den laufenden Behandlungen auswirkte und zeigte. Anhand klinischer Beispiele beschreibt er die drei am häufigsten vorkommenden Patientenreaktionen: zurückweisend, ambivalent und begeistert annehmend. Die sehr unterschiedlichen Ideen und Fantasien in bezug auf die analytische Couch werden beschrieben und die historische Bedeutung der Couch in Freudianischen und Jungianischen Zusammenhängen wird erörtert. Persönliche Determinanten, die zur Entscheidung führen könnten, ob eine Couch als ein Bestandteil der Analyse benutzt wird, werden vom Standpunkt der Präferenzen des Analytikers und der eigenen Erfahrung mit der Couch betrachtet. Die Couch wird als Signifikant des analytischen Prozesses diskutiert, in dem kulturelle Bedeutungen sich nicht nur auf vertraute Stereotypen beziehen, sondern auch auf psychische Heilung and Selbstverwirklichung. Cambiamenti nell'ambiente terapeutico possono elicitare risposte intense e imprevedibili da parte dei pazienti, che reagiscono allora ai nuovi elementi con i propri personali pensieri, fantasie, emozioni e comportamenti. Quando il cambiamento è molto specifico e quando comporta implicazioni per il trattamento stesso, le risposte di questi pazienti possono unirsi intorno a esperienze più profonde del transfert o del controtransfert. L'autore, quando era candidato e analista in training, acquistò un lettino analitico per il suo studio e osservò lo sviluppo di ciò che questo nuovo lettino significava per i trattamenti in corso. Usando esempi clinici, egli descrive le tre risposte più comuni dei pazienti: rifiuto, ambivalenza e accettazione. Vengono descritte le idee e le fantasie ricche di variazioni relative al lettino analitico e viene rivista la storia del lettino nei contesti freudiani e junghiani. Determinanti personali che potrebbe portare alla decisione se usare un lettino come parte dell'analisi vengono considerate dal punto di vista delle preferenze dell'analista e della sua personale esperienza del lettino. Il lettino viene discusso in quanto significante culturale del processo analitico, che incorpora regressione, rilassamento e il reclinare degli attaccamenti egoici precedentemente fissati. Los cambios en el entorno terapéutico pueden descubrir respuestas impredecibles en los pacientes, ellos reaccionan a los nuevos elementos con pensamientos, fantasías, emociones y conductas, estos son propios e individuales. Cuando el cambio es muy específico, y cuando connota implicaciones para el tratamiento en sí mismo, las respuestas de estos pacientes pueden estructurarse alrededor de experiencias aun mas profundas de la transferencia y así como en la contratransferencia. El autor, como candidato o analista en entrenamiento, compró un diván analítico para su oficinay observó lo que este diván significó para los tratamientos existentes. Mediante el uso de ejemplos clínicos, describe las tres respuestas que ocurren con mayor frecuencia: Rechazo, ambivalencia, y compromiso, Se describe la riquísima variedad de ideas y fantasías en relación con el diván, y se revisa la historia del diván en el contexto freudiano y junguiano. Se consideran los determinantes personales en la decisión para usar el diván como parte del análisis desde el p[unto de vista de las preferencias del analista y la experiencia personal con el diván. Se discute el diván como significante cultural del proceso analítico que incorpora a la respuesta regresiva y la declinación de las ataduras del ego fijadas previamente. [source] Dissecting membrane protein architecture: An annotation of structural complexityBIOPOLYMERS, Issue 10 2009Jaime Arce Abstract ,-Helical membrane proteins exist in an anisotropic environment which strongly influences their folding, stability, and architecture, which is far more complex than a simple bundle of transmembrane helices, notably due to helix deformations, prosthetic groups and extramembrane structures. However, the role and the distribution of such heterogeneity in the supra molecular organization of membrane proteins remains poorly investigated. Using a nonredundant subset of ,-helical membrane proteins, we have annotated and analyze the statistics of several types of new elements such as incomplete helices, intramembrane loops, helical extensions of helical transmembrane domains, extracellular loops, and helices lying parallel to the membrane surface. The relevance of the annotation scheme was studied using residue composition, statistics, physical chemistry, and symmetry of their distribution in relation to the immediate membrane environment. Calculation of hydrophobicity using different scales show that different structural elements appear to have affinities coherent with their position in the membrane. Examination of the annotation scheme suggests that there is considerable information content in the amino acid compositions of the different elements suggesting that it might be useful for structural prediction. More importantly, the proposed annotation will help to decipher the complex hierarchy of interactions involved in membrane protein architecture. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 815,829, 2009. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The "Published Online" date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||