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New Arrangements (new + arrangement)
Selected AbstractsTROPAEOLUM SECTION CHILENSIA: AN OVERVIEWCURTIS'S BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, Issue 3 2010John Watson The species of Tropaeolum sect. Chilensia Sparre, are discussed. Their phytogeography, ecology, evolution and pollination are considered. Photographs of habitats, and of most of the species taken in the wild, are shown. A synopsis of all the species in the section, and a new arrangement of subsections is provided. [source] THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PAY-AS-YOU-GO DEFINED-CONTRIBUTION PENSION SCHEMESMETROECONOMICA, Issue 2 2008Sandro Gronchi ABSTRACT The paper inquires into notional defined contribution pension schemes, which retain the pay-as-you-go financing method while adopting the award and indexation formulas typical of funded, defined-contribution systems. It examines the properties of the new arrangement and compares them with those of the traditional defined-benefit pay-as-you-go schemes. [source] Notes on the genus Santalus Lewis, 1906 and Pachylister Lewis, 1904, with the description of Nasaltus gen. n. (Coleoptera, Histeridae)MITTEILUNGEN AUS DEM MUSEUM FUER NATURKUNDE IN BERLIN-DEUTSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, Issue 1 2008awomir Mazur Abstract The taxonomical and systematic status of the species of Santalus was analyzed. A new genus, Nasaltus, has been described with Hister orientalis as the type-species. A new species is described Nasaltus marseuli (N. orientalis: Marseul). A new arrangement and catalogue of these species is proposed after their cladistic analysis. A key to identify the species of Nasaltus and Santalus is given. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Physical Modeling and Optimization of Bottom Tuyere Configuration and Blowing Parameters in a Top and Bottom Combined Blowing ConverterASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 3-4 2006Liang-Cai Zhong Optimizing experiments for the bottom tuyere configuration and blowing parameters of the 120 tonne top and bottom combined blowing converter at Shaoguan Iron & Steel Co. were carried out in a reduced-scale water model. Results showed that the former configuration with 6 bottom tuyeres in the converter was not suitable with bath stirring because of the two tuyeres arranged in 0.33D pitch circle which caused the cavity deformation and stirring energy loss. Ideal bath stirring in the converter was obtained by using a new arrangement with 4 bottom tuyeres, two being in 0.57D pitch circle and the other two in 0.42D pitch circle. The optimal blowing parameters of the converter with the new bottom tuyere configuration were 1.26 Nm3/h of bottom gas flow rate, 160 mm of top lance height, and 30.52 Nm3/h of top gas flow rate. [source] The Origins, Forms and Effects of Modularisation and Semesterisation in Ten UK-Based Business SchoolsHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2000Huw Morris This paper examines the introduction of modularisation and semesterisation at ten UK-based business schools. Using this case study evidence, it is argued that the main reasons for the introduction of these schemes were the personal ambitions of senior managers, pressure from external regulatory agencies and a desire to emulate initiatives undertaken by competitor institutions. In addition, it is suggested that the form of these schemes varied between institutions as a consequence of the negotiations which accompanied the introduction of these new arrangements, and constraints imposed by the legacy of earlier degree structures, regulations from external agencies, institutional geography, limits on financial resources and the organization of internal management systems. The paper concludes by arguing that these constraints have meant that modularity has had limited effects on the experiences of staff and students, but that semesterisation has significantly increased costs without any accompanying benefits. [source] The impact on histopathology practice of new human tissue legislation in the UKHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2006J C E Underwood The undisclosed or unauthorized retention of tissue from autopsies in the UK and elsewhere has caused considerable public concern and much distress to some families. Histopathologists involved in these cases have also been discomfited. These events have exposed deficiencies in prevailing legislation, principally in the Human Tissue Act 1961 and the Coroners Rules 1984. New human tissue legislation comes into force in the UK in September 2006. The Human Tissue Act 2004 and the Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006 make it unlawful to remove, store and use tissue from the dead without appropriate authority. The Human Tissue Act 2004, which does not apply in Scotland, also prohibits the removal, storage and use of tissue from living individuals for purposes specified in the Act unless appropriate consent has been obtained. The Coroners (Amendment) Rules 2005, which came into force in June 2005, introduced new arrangements for dealing with the retention of tissue from bodies undergoing coroner's autopsies. This new legislative regime is intended to create a climate in which pathologists, patients and the public can have confidence that tissue is used appropriately and, when necessary, with proper authority or valid consent. However, other than in Scotland, there may be unintended consequences arising from restrictions on archiving, for audit and diagnostic review, tissue samples from coronial autopsies. [source] Official statistics, public policy and public trustJOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY: SERIES A (STATISTICS IN SOCIETY), Issue 2 2008D. Tim Holt Summary., The question of public confidence in official statistics has been central to government statistical policy for the last 10 years. This year the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007 was passed. The paper suggests key characteristics of the new arrangements that will be needed if public confidence in the official statistics outputs is to be strengthened. It is argued that this will depend on public confidence in the statistical system as a whole rather than just the new Board. The organizational structure of the UK statistical system is described and this is linked to the issue of public confidence. Finally the wider questions of evidence-based policy and the use of statistics and statistical thinking throughout government are discussed. [source] Latest news and product developmentsPRESCRIBER, Issue 4 2007Article first published online: 3 APR 200 Low-dose aspirin may reduce asthma risk Low-dose aspirin may reduce the risk of new-onset asthma, according to a US analysis (Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:120-5). Prompted by speculation of such a link, the authors conducted a post-hoc analysis of the Physicians' Health Study, a placebo-controlled study of aspirin 325mg on alternate days involving 22 071 men aged 40-84. The risk of developing a new diagnosis of asthma during the five-year study was reduced by 22 per cent (p=0.045) among those taking aspirin. However, the number of cases was low: 113 among aspirin recipients and 145 with placebo. The clinical importance of this finding is therefore uncertain, though it received wide coverage in the lay media. Lifestyle changevsdrugs in type 2 diabetes Modifying lifestyle is at least as effective as drugs in delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance, according to a study from Leicester (BMJ online. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39063.689375.55). The meta-analysis of 17 trials involving 8084 participants found that lifestyle change or orlistat approximately halved the risk of progressing to diabetes, whereas oral hypoglycaemic agents reduced the risk by 30 per cent. A Chinese herb, jiang tang bushen, reduced the risk by two-thirds. The analysis was conducted before the findings of major trials of rosiglitazone (Avandia) , DREAM and ADOPT , were published. Optician prescribing The diagnosis and treatment of disorders such as conjunctivitis by opticians is to be an enhanced service that PCTs can commission according to local need, a Department of Health review has concluded. The General Ophthalmic Services Review considered new arrangements to support PCTs provide ophthalmic services. Professional representatives proposed that the diagnosis and treatment of some eye conditions should be classed as ,additional services' that PCTs should be obliged to commission. While the Department agreed that opticians can play an important role, it found a lack of evidence of benefits and concluded that PCTs should be able to determine their level of services. A commissioning toolkit has been produced to help implement the review's findings. Warfarin stroke risk A four-fold increase in warfarin use has been linked with an increased incidence of intracerebral haemorrhage in a US study (Neurology 2007;68:116-21). Reviewing all first admissions for haemorrhagic stroke in the Cincinnati area, the study found that the proportion of cases associated with warfarin or heparin increased from 5 per cent in 1988 to 9 per cent in 1993/94 and 17 per cent in 1999. The annual incidence among patients aged 80 or older increased from 2.5 to 46 per 100 000 from 1988 to 1999. During the same period, warfarin distribution increased four-fold and there was no change in the incidence of thromboembolic strokes. Co-proxamol will go, MHRA reaffirms The MHRA has confirmed that it still intends to withdraw co-proxamol from the market despite protestations from MPs. The issue was raised by two MPs , one a member of the Health Select Committee , in a House of Commons debate. Both called for the withdrawal process to be abandoned, arguing that GPs should have the right to prescribe a drug for which there may be no alternative. The MHRA has restated its view that the risk from overdose with co-proxamol outweighs its benefits, adding: ,The avoidable death toll from co-proxamol overdose cannot be ignored. Sometimes regulation has to balance the needs of the individual against the benefits at a population level. In this case the removal of marketing authorisations with continued use possible in exceptional circumstances is the best balance that could be achieved. The public health gain is already becoming apparent.' Co-proxamol may still be prescribed as an unlicensed drug after its product licence is withdrawn at the end of this year. Guide to pharmacy services A guide to community pharmacy services has been published for patients, carers and members of patient organisations. Developed by the South East Local Pharmaceutical Committee Forum, Understanding and Making the Best Use of Community Pharmacy explains what pharmacies offer and the services available under the 2005 pharmacy contract. Copies can be downloaded from www.psnc.org.uk/resources. Little benefit from opioids for back pain There is little evidence that opioids relieve chronic back pain but the risk of abuse is high, according to a US analysis (Ann Intern Med 2007;146:116-27). The systematic review of trials of oral, topical and transdermal opioids in the treatment of chronic back pain found no trials lasting more than 16 weeks. There was no significant reduction in pain in placebo-controlled trials and limited, nonsignificant pain reductions in comparative trials. By contrast, estimates of prevalence of current substance misuse were as high as 43 per cent and that of ,aberrant medication-taking behaviours' ranged from 5 to 24 per cent. Dual antiplatelet therapy with drug-eluting stents Patients with drug-eluting stents should not stop dual antiplatelet therapy prematurely (Circulation 2007; published online 15 January; DOI: 10.1161/CIRCUL ATIONAHA.106.180944). Although 12 months' treatment with low-dose aspirin plus a thienopyri- dine, eg clopidogrel (Plavix) and ticlopidine, has been shown to reduce cardiac events after implanting a drug-eluting stent, it is not uncommon for the thienopyridine to be discontinued. Health professionals must do more to educate patients about their treatment and the risks associated with stopping. Scottish approval The SMC (www.scottishmedicines.org.uk) has approved varenicline (Champix) for use within NHS Scotland as part of a smoking cessation programme; it notes that the benefits of extending a course of treatment beyond the initial 12 weeks are modest. Controversially, the SMC has not approved omalizumab (Xolair) as add-on therapy for severe persistent allergic asthma on the grounds that an economic case had not been made. Asthma UK criticised the decision as unjust and inhumane. NICE is due to publish an appraisal of omalizumab later this year. No decline with anti- psychotics Treatment with anti- psychotics does not hasten cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease, say investigators from London (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007;78:25-9). Their prospective study of 224 patients found no difference in the rate of cognitive decline in those treated with antipsychotics (atypical or otherwise) for at least six months. Label translation online Health IT consultancy Rxinfo has developed a website offering translations of the most common types of labelling. The site (www.translabel.co.uk) offers translations into 13 Asian and European languages for 15 standard labelling phrases covering oral medicines and ENT formulations. A free application can be downloaded to allow direct-to-printer printing. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd [source] New Labour's PPI Reforms: Patient and Public Involvement in Healthcare Governance?THE MODERN LAW REVIEW, Issue 2 2009Peter Vincent-Jones Following a first wave of reform at the beginning of the decade, the system of patient and public involvement in healthcare governance is being further overhauled under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 and the Health and Social Care Act 2008. The current reforms reflect a significant shift in dominant political discourse from an earlier concern with patient and public involvement towards a more exclusive focus on consumer choice and economic regulation, with collective voice and citizen participation at best playing a subordinate part in the government's NHS modernisation agenda. While there is some potential for increased responsiveness in the new arrangements, the overall effect is likely to be a weakening of the foundations of democratic decision making in the governance of healthcare in England. [source] Absence of significant dissent should be sufficient for deceased donor organ procurement in New ZealandAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 5 2009Thomas M. Douglas Abstract Objective: New Zealand's organ donation rates are among the lowest in the OECD. In a bid to increase organ availability, the New Zealand Human Tissue Act 2008 introduces new consent arrangements for deceased donor organ procurement. This article assesses these new arrangements and presents the case for further reform. Approach: Our assessment and arguments are based on philosophical analysis informed by empirical data on the effectiveness of alternative consent systems. We: 1) Identify widely held ethical judgments about policies and practices relevant to organ donation (e.g. those relating to coronial post-mortems), 2) Assess the implications of these judgments for the Human Tissue Act and the assumptions that underpin it, and 3) Derive policy recommendations that are consistent with the judgments. Conclusion: The Human Tissue Act 2008 retains a strong consent requirement for organ procurement: organs may not be transplanted unless either the deceased or the family consents. We argue that organ availability could and should be increased by shifting from a model that requires consent to one that requires the absence of significant dissent. Implications: We recommend that New Zealand adopt either 1) an organ donation system similar to the existing system for ordering coronial post-mortems, or 2) a variant of the ,opt-out' system already in place in several other countries. [source] | |||||||||||||