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Network Parameters (network + parameter)
Selected AbstractsInvestigation of solute permeation across hydrogels composed of poly(methyl vinyl ether- co -maleic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol)JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 7 2010Thakur Raghu Raj Singh Abstract Objectives, Swelling kinetics and solute permeation (theophylline, vitamin B12 and fluorescein sodium) of hydrogels composed of poly(methyl vinyl ether- co -maleic acid) (PMVE/MA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are presented. Methods, The effects of PMVE/MA and PEG 10 000 content on swelling behaviour (percentage swelling, the type of diffusion and swelling rate constant) were investigated in 0.1 m phosphate buffer. Network parameters, such as average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) and crosslink density, were evaluated. Key findings, The percentage swelling and Mc of hydrogels increased with decrease in PMVE/MA content, where the water diffusion mechanism into the hydrogels was Class-II type. In contrast, increase in PMVE/MA content caused an increase in the crosslink density. Permeation of theophylline, vitamin B12 and fluorescein sodium, with increasing hydrodynamic radii, was studied through the equilibrium swollen hydrogels composed of PMVE/MA and PEG. In general, the permeability and diffusion coefficients of all three solutes decreased with increase in the PMVE/MA content. In addition, permeability and diffusion coefficient values increased with decreases in the hydrodynamic radii of the solute molecules. Conclusions, The hydrogels have shown a change in swelling behaviour, crosslink density, Mc and solute permeation with change in PMVE/MA content, thus suggesting a potential application in controlled drug-delivery systems. [source] Cellular neural networks based on resonant tunnelling diodesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, Issue 5 2001Martin Hänggi Resonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs) have intriguing properties which make them a primary nanoelectronic device for both analogue and digital applications. We propose two different types of RTD-based cells for the cellular neural network (CNN) which exhibit superior performance in terms of complexity, functionality, or processing speed compared to standard cells. In the first cell model, the resistor of the standard cell is replaced by an RTD, which results in a more compact and versatile cell which requires neither self-feedback nor a non-linear output function, and allows three stable equilibrium points. If a resonant tunnelling transistor (RTT) is used instead of the RTD, the dynamics can be controlled through its gate voltage as an additional network parameter. In a majority of CNN applications, bistable cells are sufficient. Utilizing RTD-based bistable logic elements to store the state of the cell, switching occurs almost instantaneously as virtually no charge transfer is necessary, and it is possible to implement non-linear connections in a straightforward manner. Hence, it turns out that RTD-based CNNs are tailor-made for the implementation of extremely fast bipolar operations and non-linear templates. The ideas presented in this paper may also be beneficially applied to other types of circuits and systems such as A/D converters or sigma-delta modulators. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] On parameter estimation for excitation control of synchronous generatorsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, Issue 5 2004Martha Galaz Abstract This paper deals with the problem of identification of the network parameters and the desired equilibrium in applications of excitation control for synchronous generators. Our main contribution is the construction of a new non-linear identifier that provides asymptotically consistent estimates (with guaranteed transient bounds) of the line impedance and the equilibrium for the classical three-dimensional flux-decay model of a single generator connected to an infinite bus. This model is non-linear, and non-linearly parameterized, and the equilibria depend also non-linearly on the unknown parameters. The proposed estimator can be used, adopting a certainty equivalent approach, to make adaptive any power system stabilizer that relies on the knowledge of these parameters. The behaviour of the scheme is illustrated in two simulated case studies with the interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based controller recently proposed by the authors. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A study on a receiver-based management scheme of access link resources for QoS-controllable TCP connectionsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Issue 7 2006Kazuhiro Azuma Abstract Although the bandwidth of access networks is rapidly increasing with the latest techniques such as DSL and FTTH, the access link bandwidth remains a bottleneck, especially when users activate multiple network applications simultaneously. Furthermore, since the throughput of a standard TCP connection is dependent on various network parameters, including round-trip time and packet loss ratio, the access link bandwidth is not shared among the network applications according to the user's demands. In this thesis, we present a new management scheme of access link resources for effective utilization of the access link bandwidth and control of the TCP connection's throughput. Our proposed scheme adjusts the total amount of the receive socket buffer assigned to TCP connections to avoid congestion at the access network, and assigns it to each TCP connection according to characteristics in consideration of QoS. The control objectives of our scheme are (1) to protect short-lived TCP connections from the bandwidth occupation by long-lived TCP connections, and (2) to differentiate the throughput of the long-lived TCP connections according to the upper-layer application's demands. One of the results obtained from the simulation experiments is that our proposed scheme can reduce the delay of short-lived document transfer perceived by the receiver host by up to about 90%, while a high utilization of access link bandwidth is maintained. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Adaptive AQM controllers for IP routers with a heuristic monitor on TCP flowsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Issue 1 2006Yang Hong Abstract We propose adaptive proportional (P) and proportional-integral (PI) controllers for Active Queue Management (AQM) in the Internet. We apply the classical control theory in the controller design and choose a proper phase margin to achieve good performance of AQM. We have identified a simple heuristic parameter that can monitor the changes of network environment. Our adaptive controllers would self-tune only when the dramatic change in the network parameters drift the monitoring parameter outside its specified interval. When compared to P controller, a PI controller has the advantage of regulating the TCP source window size by adjusting the packet drop probability based on the knowledge of instantaneous queue size, thus steadying the queue size around a target buffer occupancy. We have verified our controllers by OPNET simulation, and shown that with an adaptive PI controller applied, the network is asymptotically stable with good robustness. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Sensitivity analysis of neural network parameters to improve the performance of electricity price forecastingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009Paras Mandal Abstract This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of neural network (NN) parameters to improve the performance of electricity price forecasting. The presented work is an extended version of previous works done by authors to integrate NN and similar days (SD) method for predicting electricity prices. Focus here is on sensitivity analysis of NN parameters while keeping the parameters same for SD to forecast day-ahead electricity prices in the PJM market. Sensitivity analysis of NN parameters include back-propagation learning set (BP-set), learning rate (,), momentum (,) and NN learning days (dNN). The SD parameters, i.e. time framework of SD (d=45 days) and number of selected similar price days (N=5) are kept constant for all the simulated cases. Forecasting performance is carried out by choosing two different days from each season of the year 2006 and for which, the NN parameters for the base case are considered as BP-set=500, ,=0.8, ,=0.1 and dNN=45 days. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out by changing the value of BP-set (500, 1000, 1500); , (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2), , (0.1, 0.2, 0.3) and dNN (15, 30, 45 and 60 days). The most favorable value of BP-set is first found out from the sensitivity analysis followed by that of , and ,, and based on which the best value of dNN is determined. Sensitivity analysis results demonstrate that the best value of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is obtained when BP-set=500, ,=0.8, ,=0.1 and dNN=60 days for winter season. For spring, summer and autumn, these values are 500, 0.6, 0.1 and 45 days, respectively. MAPE, forecast mean square error and mean absolute error of reasonably small value are obtained for the PJM data, which has correlation coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.7758 between load and electricity price. Numerical results show that forecasts generated by developed NN model based on the most favorable case are accurate and efficient. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A framework for network quality monitoring in the VoIP environmentINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2007Ana Flàvia M. de Lima Monitoring speech quality in Voice over IP (VoIP) networks is important to ensure a minimal acceptable level of speech quality for IP calls running through a managed network. Information such as packet loss, codec type, jitter, end-to-end delay and overall speech quality enables the network manager to verify and accurately tune parameters in order to adjust network problems. The present article proposes the deployment of a monitoring architecture that collects, stores and displays speech quality information about concluded voice calls. This architecture is based on our proposed MIB (Management Information Base) VOIPQOS, deployed for speech quality monitoring purposes. Currently, the architecture is totally implemented, but under adjustment and validation tests. In the future, the VOIPQOS MIB can be expanded to automatically analyze collected data and control VoIP clients and network parameters for tuning the overall speech quality of ongoing calls. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Performance evaluation of distributed multiple home agents with HAHA protocolINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2007Jong-Hyouk Lee Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is a protocol that supports mobility of mobile nodes (MNs) within the IPv6 environment. However, the current MIPv6 supports insufficient mobility of MNs. If an MN is moved away from the home link, it takes time for the MN to make a registration and binding update at the home agent (HA). Moreover, the Dynamic Home Agent Address Discovery (DHAAD) mechanism in MIPv6 is too slow for the MN to recover when its HA fails. To solve these two problems, we propose a Distributed Multiple Home Agents (DMHA) scheme. This scheme allows an MN to perform a binding update with the nearest HA, so that the delay in the binding update process can be reduced. It also reduces the fault rate of handoff up to about 55.5% based on the same network parameters. Numerical results presented in this paper show that our scheme has superior performance compared to the standard scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A reliable cooperative and distributed management for wireless industrial monitoring and controlINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL, Issue 2 2010Dr S. Manfredi Abstract This paper is concerned with the analysis, design and validation of a reliable management strategy for industrial monitoring and control over wireless sensor network (WSN). First, we investigate the interactions between contention resolution and congestion control mechanisms in Wireless Industrial Sensor Network (briefly WISN). An extensive set of simulations are performed in order to quantify the impacts of several network parameters (i.e. buffer, sensors reporting rate) on the overall network performance (i.e. reliability, packet losses). This calls for cross-layer mechanisms for efficient data delivery over WISN. Second, a reliable sink resource allocation strategy based on log-utility fairness criteria is proposed. It is shown that the resource sink manager can plan strategies to better allocate the available resource among competing sensors. Finally, the analysis, design and validation of a reliable sinks cooperative control for WISN are introduced. A sufficient condition for wireless network stability in presence of multiple sinks and heterogeneous sensors with different time delays is given and it is used for network parameters design. The stability condition and the resulting cooperative control performance in terms of fairness, link utilization, packet losses, reliability and latency are validated by Matlab/Simulink-based simulator TrueTime, which facilitates co-simulation of controller task execution in real-time kernels and in the wireless network environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Factorized approach to nonlinear MPC using a radial basis function modelAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2001Sharad Bhartiya A new computationally efficient approach for nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) presented here uses the factorability of radial basis function (RBF) process models in a traditional model predictive control (MPC) framework. The key to the approach is to formulate the RBF process model that can make nonlinear predictions across a p-step horizon without using future unknown process measurements. The RBF model avoids error propagation from use of model predictions us input in a recursive or iterative manner. The resulting NMPC formulation using the RBF model provides analytic expressions for the gradient and Hessian of the controller's objective function in terms of RBF network parameters. Solution of the NMPC optimization problem is simplifed significantly by factorization of the RBF model output into terms containing only known and unknown parts of the process. [source] Thermosensitive Poly[(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)- co -(N,N -dimethylacrylamide)] Cryogels Prepared by a Two-Step Polymerization MethodMACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS & ENGINEERING, Issue 10 2006Tuncer Caykara Abstract Summary: Temperature-sensitive P(DEAEMA- co -DMAAm) cryogels with five different DMAAm contents were synthesized via a two-step polymerization method, the initial polymerization being conducted for various times at 22,°C, followed by polymerization at ,26,°C for 24 h. The influence of the first-step time and the content of DMAAm on the swelling ratio and network parameters such as the polymer/solvent interaction parameter, the average molecular mass between crosslinks, and the mesh size of the cryogels were reported and discussed. The swelling studies indicated that the swelling increased in the following order: 22C45,>,22C30,>,22C15,>,22C0. The cryogels exhibited swelling/deswelling transitions (reentrant phenomena) in water depending on temperature. These properties were attributed to the macroporous and regularly arranged network of the cryogels. Scanning electron microscope graphs reveal that the macroporous network structure of the cryogels can be adjusted by applying a two-step polymerization. Chemical structure of the P(DEAEMA- co -DMAAm) cryogels. [source] An Automatic Building Approach To Special Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Network For Unknown Plant Modeling And Stable ControlASIAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL, Issue 2 2003Chia-Feng Juang ABSTRACT In previous studies, several stable controller design methods for plants represented by a special Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy network (STSFN) have been proposed. In these studies, the STSFN is, however, derived directly from the mathematical function of the controlled plant. For an unknown plant, there is a problem if STSFN cannot model the plant successfully. In order to address this problem, we have derived a learning algorithm for the construction of STSFN from input-output training data. Based upon the constructed STSFN, existing stable controller design methods can then be applied to an unknown plant. To verify this, stable fuzzy controller design by parallel distributed compensation (PDC) method is adopted. In PDC method, the precondition parts of the designed fuzzy controllers share the same fuzzy rule numbers and fuzzy sets as the STSFN. To reduce the controller rule number, the precondition part of the constructed STSFN is partitioned in a flexible way. Also, similarity measure together with merging operation between each neighboring fuzzy set are performed in each input dimension to eliminate the redundant fuzzy sets. The consequent parts in STSFN are designed by correlation measure to select only the significant input terms to participate in each rule's consequence and reduce the network parameters. Simulation results in the cart-pole balancing system have shown that with the proposed STSFN building approach, we are able to model the controlled plant with high accuracy and, in addition, can design a stable fuzzy controller with small parameter number. [source] On-line adaptive metabolic flux analysis: Application to PHB production by mixed microbial culturesBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2009João Dias Abstract In this work, an algorithm for on-line adaptive metabolic flux analysis (MFA) is proposed and applied to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by mixed microbial cultures (MMC). In this process, population dynamics constitutes an important source of perturbation to MFA calculations because some stoichiometric and energetic parameters of the underlying metabolic network are continuously changing over time. The proposed algorithm is based on the application of the observer-based estimator (OBE) to the central MFA equation, whereby the role of the OBE is to force the accumulation of intracellular metabolites to converge to zero by adjusting the values of unknown network parameters. The algorithm was implemented in a reactor equipped with on-line analyses of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide through respirometric and titrimetric measurements. The oxygen and carbon dioxide fluxes were measured directly, whereas acetate, PHB, and sludge production fluxes were estimated indirectly using a projection of latent structures model calibrated a priori with off-line measurements. The algorithm was implemented in a way that the network parameters associated with biosynthesis were adjusted on-line. The algorithm proofed to converge exponentially with the steady state error always below 1 mmol/L. The estimated fluxes passed the consistency index test for experimental error variances as low as 1%. The comparison of measured and estimated respiratory coefficient and of the theoretical and estimated yield of sludge on acetate further confirmed the metabolic consistency of the parameters that were estimated on-line. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009 [source] | ||||||||||