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Needle Biopsy (needle + biopsy)
Kinds of Needle Biopsy Terms modified by Needle Biopsy Selected AbstractsCommercially Available Titanium Clip Placement Following a Sonographically Guided Core Needle Biopsy of the BreastTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 6 2007Takayoshi Uematsu MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Does Stereotactic Core Needle Biopsy Increase the Risk of Local Recurrence of Invasive Breast Cancer?THE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006Sophia Kwo MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Local Recurrence of Breast Cancer after Skin-Sparing Mastectomy Following Core Needle Biopsy: Case Reports and Review of the LiteratureTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006Juan Luis Uriburu MD Abstract: The latest advances in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for breast cancer have provided valuable technological breakthroughs. Yet the long-term consequences of these modern methods are still quite unclear. Such is the case for stereotactic or ultrasound-guided histologic needle biopsy and skin-sparing mastectomy. We report on three patients who presented with multicentric breast cancer diagnosed by stereotactic needle biopsy and treated by skin-sparing mastectomy. All three patients developed recurrence at the core needle entry site. Records of 58 patients with breast cancer who were treated by skin-sparing mastectomy followed by immediate reconstruction (with transverse rectus abdominis muscle [TRAM] flap or tissue expander) at the Breast Diseases Division of Buenos Aires British Hospital between December 1999 and December 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Eleven of these patients were diagnosed by histologic needle biopsy. The mean follow-up was 28 months (range 5,60 months). Three (skin or subcutaneous) local recurrences at the needle entry site, diagnosed in a mean time of 23.6 months (16, 22, and 23 months), were reported. The three patients underwent complete resection with clear margins, radiation therapy to the "neobreast," and tamoxifen. All three patients are disease free with a mean postrecurrence follow-up of 24.3 months (30, 23, and 22 months). Based on the evidence of displacement of tumor cells and the potential nonresection of such tumor seeding at the time of skin-sparing mastectomy, as well as the poor probability of postoperative radiation therapy, we recommend surgical resection of the needle biopsy tract, including the dermal entry site, at the time of mastectomy. [source] Core Needle Biopsy versus Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy: Are There Similar Sampling and Diagnostic Issues?THE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 3 2003Shahla Masood MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Measuring men's opinions of prostate needle biopsyANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 8 2005Jessica C. C. Medd Background: Needle biopsy of the prostate is an important, common, invasive procedure. Little is known about men's perceptions of it. The present study was designed to assess men's experience of prostate biopsy, to determine the feasibility of a randomized trial of interventions to alleviate distress during prostate biopsy, and to develop a pragmatic outcome measure for such a trial. Methods: Of 33 consecutive men undergoing prostate biopsy at a Sydney (Australia), tertiary referral urology centre 31 men were selected for study. A cross-sectional, observational was performed. Participants completed both a 24-item questionnaire assessing relevant symptoms, attitudes and emotional responses and a semistructured interview shortly after their prostate biopsy. Each item of the questionnaire was rated on an 11-point scale from 0 (no trouble at all), to 10 (worst they could imagine). Results: The mean score for discomfort was 4.4 with 32% scoring ,7; the mean score for pain was 4.2 with 29% scoring ,7. The other most troubling aspects were: ,waiting for the result' (mean 4.4, 32% ,7) and ,fear of the result' (mean 3.7, 32% ,7). Seventy-one per cent of subjects stated that they would have been willing to participate in a randomized trial of interventions to make prostate biopsies less unpleasant. Thirteen of the 24 items were retained and refined for use as an outcome measure for subsequent trials. Conclusions: Many men experience pain, discomfort and anxiety during prostate needle biopsy and most would be willing to participate in trials of interventions to make it less unpleasant. [source] Transrectal power Doppler imaging in the detection of prostate cancerBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2000K. Okihara Objectives To evaluate the clinical utility of transrectal power Doppler imaging (PDI) of the prostate for detecting prostate cancer in patients with abnormally high serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Patients and methods Patients (107) with abnormally high serum PSA levels were assessed using a digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and PDI. Any hypervascular lesion on PDI was graded on a scale of 0,3, where grade 1,3 was considered positive and grade 0 negative. Patients were then diagnosed by prostatic needle biopsy and the results compared with the other detection methods. Results Needle biopsy confirmed prostate cancer in 41 (24%) of the 170 patients. PDI was positive in 68, of whom 40 (59%) had prostate cancer; all those but one having prostate cancer were positive on PDI. Thus, PDI had a high sensitivity of 98% (40/41) and a negative predictive value of 99% (101/102). PDI could have saved a significant number of patients from undergoing unnecessary biopsies, compared with DRE and TRUS (P < 0.001). Conclusion The use of PDI in detecting prostate cancer might reduce the number of unnecessary needle biopsies of the prostate in patients with abnormally high serum PSA levels. [source] Risk of tumour seeding after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinomaBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 7 2005T. Livraghi Background: A recent small study reported a high rate of neoplastic seeding after cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients who had undergone previous needle biopsy. Tumour seeding was associated with subcapsular tumour location, poorly differentiated tumours and a high ,-fetoprotein (AFP) level. The aim of the present study was to determine the rate of neoplastic seeding after RFA in a large series of unselected patients with HCC who had a long follow-up. Methods: A total of 1314 patients with 2542 nodules were treated in three centres. Median follow-up was 37 months. Needle biopsy had been performed before RFA in 241 patients (18·3 per cent). The influence of subcapsular location, high AFP level and previous biopsy on risk of tumour seeding was assessed. Results: Neoplastic seeding was identified in 12 patients (0·9 per cent); the rate was comparable at the three centres (0·9, 0·7 and 1·4 per cent). Only previous biopsy was significantly associated with tumour seeding (P = 0·004). Conclusion: RFA with a cooled-tip needle was associated with a low risk of neoplastic seeding, even in unselected patients. The use of biopsy before RFA is to be discouraged, particularly when liver transplantation is a possibility at a later date. Copyright © 2005 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A strategy for efficient handling of fresh tumor needle biopsies that allows histological and cytopathological assessmentDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2008C.C.P.M., Marta C. Cohen M.D. Abstract Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery is used in the management of many pediatric solid tumors, and diagnosis is therefore valuable and is frequently made by percutaneous needle biopsy. We describe a method that enhances tissue preservation and obtains a sample for rapid cytopathological assessment. Biopsies are placed in Ham's F10 culture's medium in theatre and transferred to pathology. The biopsies are retrieved from the medium and dealt as before (submit to cytogenetics; fix in glutharaldheyde; snap frozen at ,80°C and routine histology). An equal amount of 90% alcohol is then added to the Ham culture's medium fluid received from theatre before performing a cytospin preparation and a cell clot. We used this method in the diagnosis of 16 tumors demonstrating that this allows a more efficient handling of the biopsy, makes possible a same day diagnosis, enhances the quality of the immunohistochemistry and maximizes the amount of tissue available for diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:285,289. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cell blocks of breast FNAs frequently allow diagnosis of invasion or histological classification of proliferative changesDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Smiljana Istvanic M.D. Abstract Two major limitations of breast fine needle aspiration (FNA) compared with core needle biopsies (CNB) are the inability to determine whether a cancer is invasive and to classify proliferative lesions. We studied 40 consecutive "rapid cell blocks" from breast FNAs with surgical pathology follow-up to test whether cell blocks can overcome these limitations. Of 25 carcinomas, invasion could be identified in the cell block sections in 11 (44%). One cystosarcoma phyllodes was suspected based on the cell block sections. Cell blocks from 12 of 14 benign breast FNAs showed sufficient cells to assign a histologic diagnosis of no hyperplasia (1 case, confirmed on follow-up) and usual hyperplasia (11 cases; confirmed in eight of 11 on follow-up). Specific histologic diagnoses included intraductal papilloma (2 cases), and in situ lobular neoplasia (2 cases). Cell blocks complement smears and monolayers and appear to overcome major limitations of breast FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:263,269. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Quantification of carbonylated proteins in rat skeletal muscle mitochondria using capillary sieving electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detectionELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 2 2008Juan Feng Abstract Carbonyl-modified proteins are markers of oxidative damage. Here, we report a new method for detecting and quantifying carbonylated proteins by capillary sieving electrophoresis (CSE) with LIF detection (CSE-LIF). Alexa 488 hydrazide is used for the specific labeling of carbonyls while 3-(2-furoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (FQ) is used for protein labeling. BSA subjected to metal-catalyzed oxidation is used to optimize the labeling reactions, confirm the separation power of CSE, and characterize the response of the LIF detector. The method is capable of detecting femtomole (fmol) amounts of carbonyls in proteins with molecular masses ranging from 26 to 30,kDa. Using this method, we determined that mitochondrial proteins isolated from skeletal muscle contains 2.1,±,0.1 (average,±,SD; n,=,3) nmol carbonyl/mg protein. The methodology described here should be compatible with the analysis of single cells and needle biopsies taken from oxidative stress animal models. [source] Telomerase activity in needle biopsies from prostate cancer and benign prostates: the influence of sampling biasEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 4 2000Zhang No abstract is available for this article. [source] Needle-tract implantation from hepatocellular cancer: Is needle biopsy of the liver always necessary?LIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2000Ryan Takamori Percutaneous needle biopsies are frequently used to evaluate focal lesions of the liver. Needle-tract implantation of hepatocellular cancer has been described in case reports, but the true risk for this problem has not been clearly defined. We retrospectively reviewed 91 cases of hepatocellular cancer during a 4-year period from 1994 to 1997. Data on diagnostic studies, therapy, and outcome were noted. Of 91 patients with hepatocellular cancer, 59 patients underwent percutaneous needle biopsy as part of their diagnostic workup for a liver mass. Three patients (5.1%) were identified with needle-tract implantation of tumor. Two patients required en bloc chest wall resections for implantation of hepatocellular cancer in the soft tissues and rib area. The third patient, who also received percutaneous ethanol injection of his tumor, required a thoracotomy and lung resection for implanted hepatocellular cancer. Percutaneous needle biopsy of suspicious hepatic lesions should not be performed indiscriminately because there is a significant risk for needle-tract implantation. These biopsies should be reserved for those lesions in which no definitive surgical intervention is planned and pathological confirmation is necessary for a nonsurgical therapy. (Liver Transpl 2000;6:67-72.) [source] Populations of p53 codon 270 CGT to TGT mutant cells in SKH-1 mouse skin tumors induced by simulated solar light,MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS, Issue 11 2008Tracie L. Verkler Abstract The p53 codon 270 CGT to TGT mutation was investigated as a biomarker of sunlight-induced mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The relationship between tumor development and abundance of this hotspot mutation was analyzed in mouse skin tumors induced by chronic exposure to simulated solar light (SSL). The 24 tumors analyzed had similar growth kinetics, with an average doubling time of ,16.4 d. Levels of the p53 codon 270 mutation were quantified in the 24 mouse skin tumors using allele-specific competitive blocker-polymerase chain reaction (ACB-PCR). All tumors contained measurable amounts of the mutation. The p53 codon 270 CGT to TGT mutant fraction (MF) ranged from 2.29,×,10,3 to 9.42,×,10,2, with 3.26,×,10,2 as the median. These p53 MF measurements are lower than expected for an initiating mutation involved in the development of tumors of monoclonal origin. There was no evidence of a correlation between p53 codon 270 MF and either tumor area or an estimate of tumor cell number. Thus, the data do not support the idea that p53 mutation accumulates linearly during tumor development. To investigate how p53 mutation was distributed within tumors, 19 needle biopsies from seven different tumors were analyzed by ACB-PCR. This analysis demonstrated that p53 codon 270 mutation is heterogeneously distributed within tumors. The long-term goal of this research is to combine morphological and p53 MF measurements from tissues corresponding to the various stages of tumor development, in order to derive mathematical models relating the p53 codon 270 mutation to the development of SSL-induced skin tumors. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Assessment of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Activity Using Digital Image Analysis in Breast Carcinoma Following Magnetic Resonance-Guided Interstitial Laser PhotocoagulationTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 5 2003Soheila Korourian MD Abstract: This study examines proliferative activity in tumor cells of patients with histologically documented invasive breast carcinoma treated with magnetic resonance-guided interstitial laser photocoagulation (MR-GILP). Immunohistochemical marker for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a nuclear protein abundant in actively proliferating cells, is used. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of MR-GILP in ablating tumor cells of infiltrating breast cancer. The diagnosis of infiltrating breast carcinoma was confirmed by core needle biopsies. Using a specially designed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device, rotating delivery of excitation off-resonance (RODEO), tumors were measured ranging from 1.8 to 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Seven formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues from seven patients with infiltrating carcinoma, status post-MR-GILP, were analyzed. Using PCNA immunoperoxidase (Biomeda Corp.), the proliferative capability of the remaining tumor cells around the focus of laser photocoagulation was determined. The lesions were digitally acquired using a Nikon Eclipse E800 microscope with an automated stage. Images were analyzed using Cool SNAP image editing software (version 1.0). Appropriate thresholds were set for positive staining and limited concentric radial measurements of equal area between all samples were compared at radial millimeter intervals from the center of laser ablation. The integrated area occupied by PCNA-positive cells per radial millimeter from the charcoal site (the center of the laser) increased as the distance from this site increased (a mean average at each radial measurement revealed: at the 1 mm radius the positive integrated area was 0.0024 mm2; at 2 mm, 0.0145 mm2; at 3 mm, 0.0351 mm2; at 4 mm, 0.0696 mm2; at 5 mm, 0.1025 mm2; and at 6 mm, 0.1263 mm2). MR-GILP is an effective mean of ablating breast carcinoma. This treatment option may represent an alternative to lumpectomy for a single lesion ,1 cm, or make patients with two separate lesions eligible for lumpectomy. [source] A novel, spontaneously immortalized, human prostate cancer cell line, Bob, offers a unique model for pre-clinical prostate cancer studies,THE PROSTATE, Issue 14 2009Gerhardt Attard Abstract INTRODUCTION New in vitro models of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are urgently required. METHODS Trans-rectal needle biopsies (TRBP) of the prostate were performed for research purposes on progressing CRPC patients who had not received prior treatment to the prostate. Biopsies were immediately digested with collagenase and plated onto collagen-coated flasks with a feeder layer of 3T6 cells and cultured in cytokine-supplemented keratinocyte serum-free medium. RESULTS Biopsies from 25 patients were collected and one of these, following an initial period of crisis, spontaneously immortalized. A series of cell lines called Bob were then established from a clone that survived CD133-selection followed by 4 weeks under adhesion-independent conditions in methylcellulose. Gains and losses previously described in clinical prostate tumors, most notably loss of 8(p) and gain of 8(q), were identified on comparative genomic hybridization and long-term growth in culture, survival in methylcellulose and invasion through matrigel confirmed the malignant phenotype of Bob. Furthermore, Bob expressed high levels of p53 and markers of early differentiation, including K8, prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate stem cell antigen. There was, however, no in vivo growth and ERG and ETV1 were not rearranged. Growth in serum permitted some differentiation. CONCLUSION This is the first spontaneously immortalized prostate cancer cell line to be established from a TRBP of a patient with CRPC. Bob is a novel pre-clinical model for functional studies in CRPC and especially for studying the CRPC "basal" phenotype. Prostate 69: 1507,1520, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The value of EZH2, p27kip1, BMI-1 and MIB-1 on biopsy specimens with low-risk prostate cancer in selecting men with significant prostate cancer at prostatectomyBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2010Tineke Wolters OBJECTIVE To assess the additional prognostic value of the molecular markers EZH2, MIB-1, p27kip1 and BMI-1 on needle biopsies from men with low-risk prostate cancer, as this disease in needle biopsies shows a heterogeneous clinical outcome, and while it is known that the expression of these tissue markers is predictive of the clinical outcome after radical prostatectomy (RP) their value in prostate biopsies is largely unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included men participating in a screening study, diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer and subsequently treated with RP. Immunohistochemical staining for EZH2, MIB-1, p27kip1 and BMI-1 on the needle biopsies were (semi)quantitatively scored and expression levels were related to significant disease at RP. Clinical low-risk prostate cancer was defined as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of ,10 ng/mL, clinical T-stage ,2, biopsy Gleason score ,6, a PSA density of <0.20 ng/mL/g and two or fewer positive cores. Significant PC at RP was defined as presence of any of extracapsular extension, Gleason pattern 4/5, or tumour volume ,0.5 mL. RESULTS In all, 86 biopsy specimens were included; there was high EZH2 expression (>1.0%) in 42% and a low p27kip expression (<90%) in 63%. Significant disease was present in 44 (51%) RP specimens. A high EZH2 (odds ratio 3.19, P = 0.043) and a low p27kip1 (4.69, P = 0.036) were independent predictors for significant prostate cancer at RP. CONCLUSIONS The determination of EZH2 and p27kip1 on diagnostic needle biopsies supports the selection of men with indolent prostate cancer at RP. Especially p27kip1 could improve the pretreatment risk assessment of patients with low-risk prostate cancer. [source] Colour Doppler ultrasonography for detecting perineural invasion (PNI) and the value of PNI in predicting final pathological stage: a prospective study of men with clinically localized prostate cancerBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2003S. Kravchick OBJECTIVES To assess the ability of colour Doppler transrectal ultrasonography (CD-TRUS) to improve the accuracy of detecting perineural invasion (PNI, reported to be an independent predictor of extraprostatic extension) and in predicting the pathological stage of the cancer, comparing it with the results of grey-scale TRUS-guided biopsies. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study included 47 men with clinically localized disease; all underwent 10-core TRUS-guided biopsy and two bilateral CD-TRUS-guided biopsies, targeted on the area adjacent to the neurovascular bundle. The rates and accuracy of PNI detection on 10-core and CD-TRUS-targeted biopsies were compared with the pathological outcome. Various patient, clinical and pathological factors were compared, and multivariate analysis used to assess the value of the technique in predicting PNI and pathological outcome. RESULTS CD-TRUS-guided biopsies predicted the presence of PNI in the radical prostatectomy specimens with a sensitivity of 89%, and specificity and positive predictive values of 100%. Seven of 24 (29%) patients with PNI on the needle biopsies had pT3 disease. Conversely, the absence of PNI on guided biopsy accurately predicted pathologically localized disease in 96% (negative predictive value) of patients. However, the results of multivariate analysis showed that serum prostate-specific antigen was the only strong predictor of pT3. CONCLUSION CD-TRUS is a useful tool for detecting PNI and predicting pathological localized cancer; it can be used in candidates for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. [source] Transrectal power Doppler imaging in the detection of prostate cancerBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2000K. Okihara Objectives To evaluate the clinical utility of transrectal power Doppler imaging (PDI) of the prostate for detecting prostate cancer in patients with abnormally high serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Patients and methods Patients (107) with abnormally high serum PSA levels were assessed using a digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and PDI. Any hypervascular lesion on PDI was graded on a scale of 0,3, where grade 1,3 was considered positive and grade 0 negative. Patients were then diagnosed by prostatic needle biopsy and the results compared with the other detection methods. Results Needle biopsy confirmed prostate cancer in 41 (24%) of the 170 patients. PDI was positive in 68, of whom 40 (59%) had prostate cancer; all those but one having prostate cancer were positive on PDI. Thus, PDI had a high sensitivity of 98% (40/41) and a negative predictive value of 99% (101/102). PDI could have saved a significant number of patients from undergoing unnecessary biopsies, compared with DRE and TRUS (P < 0.001). Conclusion The use of PDI in detecting prostate cancer might reduce the number of unnecessary needle biopsies of the prostate in patients with abnormally high serum PSA levels. [source] Nucleolar size in choroidal and ciliary body melanomas and corresponding hepatic metastasesACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 4 2010Rana'a T. Al-Jamal Abstract. Purpose:, This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hepatic metastasis and the mean diameter of the 10 largest nucleoli (MLN) in uveal melanoma. Methods:, A cross-sectional histopathological analysis of 37 metastases (13 surgical or needle biopsies, 24 autopsies) and corresponding primary choroidal and ciliary body melanomas was conducted, using statistical tests appropriate for paired data. The largest nucleoli were measured from digital photographs of silver-stained sections along a 5-mm-wide linear field. Confounders considered were presence of epithelioid cells and microvascular density (MVD), counted as the number of discrete elements labelled by monoclonal antibody QBEND/10 to the CD34 epitope. Results:, Hepatic metastases had more frequent epithelioid cells (p = 0.0047) and a higher MVD (median difference, 7.5 counts/0.313 mm2 more; p = 0.044) than their corresponding primary tumours. Hepatic metastases, especially in autopsy specimens rather than surgical biopsies, tended to have a smaller MLN (median 3.6 ,m) than the corresponding primary tumour (median difference, 0.55 ,m; p = 0.066). The MLN in hepatic metastases was not associated with presence of epithelioid cells and MVD. Overall survival after diagnosis of metastasis was comparable whether hepatic metastases had a large or small MLN (p = 0.95), whereas a high MVD tended to be associated with shorter survival (p = 0.096) among the 13 patients with known survival. Conclusions:, The results suggest that MLN is not a useful marker for assessing prognosis after diagnosis of hepatic metastasis from uveal melanoma. [source] Nephroblastoma is a success of paediatric oncologic therapy.DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2010How further can we go?: Results of a cyto-histologic correlation study Abstract Nephroblastoma is a success of paediatric oncologic therapy, yet, there are still some cases where favourable response to preoperative chemotherapy is not achieved. Fine needle biopsy has the role of diagnostic confirmation and, idyllically of predicting a response to preoperative chemotherapy. To advance in this aim, we retrieved a total of 14 nephroblastomas, (seven male patients and seven female with a mean age of 44.4 months), diagnosed in our department by fine needle biopsy and submitted afterward to chemotherapy and nephrectomy, in the last 10 years. Correlation between cytologic features, (morphology, cell death, and proliferation (Ki-67 labelling index), and post chemotherapy tumour evaluation was done. Cytologic pattern per se was not predictive of histologic tumour classification (P = 0.6061). We did not find any correlation between the percentage of necrosis and apoptosis (P = 0.682) in cytologic smears and histologic regressive changes but when both these two criteria coexisted in cytologic blastemal component of nephroblastomas, this fact seemed to lead to a favourable response of the tumour to chemotherapy. When evaluation of Ki-67 labelling index was done in the blastematous component present in the smears, divergent results were obtained. The small number of cases prevented any firm conclusions. By summing up, our results support the idea that there are probably two types of blastema in nephroblastoma with different "suicide" potential and chemotherapeutic response. Further studies should be performed to stratify the influence of necrosis, apoptosis, and proliferation in chemosensivity of nephroblastomas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Histological alterations following thyroid fine needle biopsy: A systematic reviewDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2009M.Sc., Stergios A. Polyzos M.D. Abstract Thyroid fine-needle biopsy (FNB) is a simple, reliable, inexpensive, and generally safe diagnostic procedure in the management of thyroid nodules. However, the trauma inflicted by the needle may lead to various degrees of histological alterations, observed in histological specimens, if thyroidectomy follows. Post-FNB histological alterations of the thyroid (PFHAT) can generally be divided into acute and chronic. Hemorrhage is the most common acute and fibrosis the most common chronic PFHAT. Some of the PFHAT causes problems in histological assessment, making diagnosis difficult, even leading to misdiagnosis. In this review, we tried to collect and summarize all reported PFHAT cases and studies, aiming to make involved physicians, cytologists, and pathologists aware of the spectrum of PFHAT and to provide information to help in differential diagnosis and to avoid misdiagnoses, which could lead to unnecessary radical surgery and/or adjuvant therapy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A comparative analysis of core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation of palpable and mammographically detected suspicious breast lesionsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 11 2007Shailja Garg M.B.B.S. Abstract The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of needle core biopsy (NCB) of the breast with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in breast lesions (palpable and non-palpable) in the Indian set-up, along with the assessment of tumor grading with both the techniques. Fifty patients with suspicious breast lesions were subjected to simultaneous FNAC and ultrasound-guided NCB following an initial mammographic evaluation. Cases were categorized into benign, benign with atypia, suspicious and malignant groups. In cases of infiltrating duct carcinomas, grading was performed on cytological smears as well as on NCB specimens. Both the techniques were compared, and findings were correlated with radiological and excision findings. Out of 50 cases, 18 were found to be benign and 32 malignant on final pathological diagnosis. Maximum number of patients with benign diagnosis was in the fourth decade (42.11%) and malignant diagnosis in the fourth as well as fifth decade (35.48% each). Sensitivity and specificity of mammography for the diagnosis of malignancy was 84.37% and 83.33%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC for malignant diagnosis was 78.15% and 94.44%, respectively, and of NCB was 96.5% and 100%, respectively. But NCB had a slightly higher specimen inadequacy rate (8%). NCB improved diagnostic categorization over FNAC by 18%. Tumor grading in cases of IDC showed high concordance rate between NCB and subsequent excision biopsy (94.44%) but low concordance rate between NCB and FNAC (59.1%). NCB is superior to FNAC in the diagnosis of breast lesions in terms of sensitivity, specificity, correct histological categorization of the lesions as well as tumor grading. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:681,689. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Association of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with chronic neutrophilic leukemiaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2004Chikashi Yoshida Abstract: A 54-yr-old female having chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) associated with severe liver injury is presented. Physical examination on admission showed severe jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, massive ascites, and pretibial edema. Complete blood count showed a hemoglobin level of 9.1 g/dL, platelet count of 25.8 × 104/,L, and white blood cell count of 36.6 × 103/,L with 89.7% neutrophils. Blood chemistry showed hyperbilirubinemia (21.9 mg/dL) with normal transaminase levels. There was no abnormality in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, or glucose levels. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly elevated. Bone marrow aspiration showed myeloid hyperplasia with normal karyotype. Rearrangement of the bcr/abl was not detected by either polymerase chain reaction or fluorescence in situ hybridization. Human androgen receptor gene assay (HUMARA) of the bone marrow cells showed clonal proliferation of neutrophils. The patient was diagnosed as having CNL. To evaluate the pathogenesis of the liver injury, a needle biopsy was performed, which showed steatohepatitis with infiltration of neutrophils. As the patient had no history of alcohol abuse, a diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was made. Assuming that the infiltration of abnormal neutrophils into the liver contributed to the development of NASH, she was treated with cytoreductive chemotherapy (cytosine arabinoside: 100 mg/d, 1,3 doses/wk). With decreases in white blood cell counts, serum bilirubin levels decreased gradually to 1.5 mg/mL. A postchemotherapy liver biopsy specimen showed marked improvement of the fatty degenerative change. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the development of NASH in a myeloproliferative disorder. We believe that the infiltration of leukemic cells contributed to the development of NASH in this patient. [source] Long-term survival with stage IV poorly differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinomaHPB, Issue 2 2004BF Levy Background Metastatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has a poor outcome despite the use of various chemotherapy regimes. Case outline A 57-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of generalised abdominal pain associated with weight loss. Computed tomography (CT) showed a large tumour in the head and body of pancreas, and needle biopsy confirmed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Laparoscopy revealed liver metastases in both lobes, again histologically shown to be poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Six cycles of cisplatin, epirubicin and infusional 5-fluorouracil were given. Five years later the patient remains completely well. Repeat CT scans show a complete radiological response. Discussion Previous studies using numerous chemotherapy regimes have not significantly altered the outcome of pancreatic cancer. To the best of our knowledge this is the longest surviving case of a patient with advanced metastatic adenocarcinoma (stage IV) of the pancreas treated with chemotherapy. [source] Sedation with midazolam versus local anaesthesia with lignocaine for transrectal prostate biopsiesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGICAL NURSING, Issue 2 2008Ilana Golan Abstract Transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate is the only method for diagnosing prostate cancer. Although tolerated by most patients, 65,90% of patients complain of pain during the procedure. Most urologists utilize ultrasound-guided transrectal injection of lignocaine. Intravenous sedation with short-acting medications such as midazolam has been successfully used during many invasive ambulatory procedures, reducing discomfort and anxiety. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of pain and anxiety reduction using intravenous sedation with midazolam versus local anaesthesia with lignocaine during transrectal biopsies of the prostate in a cross-sectional study. Ninety consecutive candidates for transrectal prostate biopsy were divided into 2 groups. Group A received periprostatic block with 2% lignocaine and group B received sedation with intravenous injection of 4 mg midazolam prior to insertion of the probe. Side-effects and patient satisfaction were documented by questionnaires, which included a pain visual analogue scale (VAS). Significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to the patient's perceived intensity of pain. Pain level expressed by a VAS was 4·2 in group A and 1·9 in group B (P < 0·001). Eighty-seven per cent of the patients in group B stated that they would be willing to repeat the procedure if necessary compared with 55% in group A (P = 0·002). There were no complications or side-effects as a result of midazolam sedation. Midazolam is more effective in relieving pain and anxiety during transrectal prostate biopsies and as safe as a local injection of lignocaine. [source] Primary seminoma of the prostateINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 12 2009Takeshi Hashimoto Abstract A 54-year-old gentleman was suspected of having sarcoma of the prostate because of his low serum prostate-specific antigen level (1.9 ng/mL) and an enlarged heterogeneous mass on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans. Pathological examination of the prostate needle biopsy indicated seminoma, which was confirmed with immunohistochemical staining. There was no evidence of disease in other areas on physical examination or on radiographic tests. Therefore, we diagnosed the case as a primary seminoma of the prostate, which was consequently treated with a total of three courses of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy. Complete response was obtained on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and prostate needle re-biopsy. To our knowledge, there have only been five cases of primary seminoma of the prostate reported. [source] Simplified treatment of massive rectal bleeding following prostate needle biopsyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 7 2004MURAT GONEN Abstract Rectal bleeding is frequently seen in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, but it usually stops spontaneously. We report a case of life-threatening rectal bleeding following this procedure. Bleeding was controlled using an ordinary condom, which was successfully inflated in the rectum over the bleeding site. [source] Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder during pregnancyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 7 2003KENTARO MIZUNO Abstract We present a rare case of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder that was diagnosed during pregnancy. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of its kind to be reported in the literature. Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy were useful for making an accurate diagnosis in this case. The diagnosis was confirmed by suprapubic transcutaneous needle biopsy. The tumor was resected approximately 3 years after diagnosis, during which period the patient delivered a normal baby by caesarian section. [source] Case of mediastinal seminoma with testicular microlithiasisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 2 2002Koji Sato Abstract Testicular microlithiasis is a rare condition in which calcified concretions fill the lumina of the seminiferous tubules. We report the case of a 19-year-old Japanese man with mediastinal seminoma, normal testicular physical findings and bilateral testicular microlithiasis seen on ultrasonography. Testicular needle biopsy demonstrated multiple laminated calcifications within the seminiferous tubules without any signals of a viable germ cell tumor. To our knowledge, this is only the sixth reported case of extragonadal germ cell tumor with testicular microlithiasis. [source] Natural course of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: A long-term follow-up study with sonographyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 3 2009Yuan-Hung Kuo MD Abstract Purpose. We aimed to investigate the natural course of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in a long-term follow-up study with sonography. Method. This study comprised 30 patients (24 women and 6 men) with 34 FNHs. Diagnosis of FNH was made using color Doppler sonography, contrast-enhanced CT, or MRI in combination with needle biopsy. Patients were followed every 3 to 6 months with sonography. Regression or progression of tumor was defined as a change of over 30% in maximal diameter. Disappearance was defined as no vizualization of the tumor on at least 3 follow-up sonographic examinations. Results. Thirty-four FNHs were followed over a mean period of 42 months (range, 7,95 months). Twenty-four lesions (70.6%) were stable in size, 1 (2.9%) progressed, and 9 (26.5%) regressed. Of those that regressed, 6 (17.6%) disappeared over a mean period of 59 ± 30 months (range, 20,95 months). Older age (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02,1.56; p < 0.05) and longer follow-up time (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01,1.21; p < 0.05) were the independent factors associated with complete regression of FNH. Conclusion. Most FNHs were stable or regressed/disappeared after a long follow-up period. Based on the benign course, conservative treatment for asymptomatic FNH should be advocated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||