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Neutrophils Decreased (neutrophil + decreased)
Selected AbstractsEnvironment and prednisone interactions in the treatment of recurrent airway obstruction (heaves)EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 5 2000C. A. Jackson Summary Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) or heaves is a manifestation of a hypersensitivity to dust, moulds, and spores in the environment of a susceptible horse. Although in the majority of RAO-affected horses, clinical remission can be achieved by keeping horses at pasture to reduce their allergen exposure, this often is not practicable. For this reason, we investigated if changing the environment of a single stall in a 4 stall stable was sufficient to improve lung function and reduce inflammation in RAO-affected horses. In addition, we determined if addition of oral prednisone provided additional benefit. Twelve RAO-susceptible horses were stabled, fed hay, and bedded on straw until they developed airway obstruction. At this point, bedding was changed to wood shavings and they were fed a pelleted diet for 2 weeks. Lung function was measured and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed before and 3, 7, and 14 days after environmental modification. In a crossover design, horses were treated for the 14 days with prednisone tablets (2.2 mg/kg bwt, q. 24 h). Horses then returned to pasture for 30 days. Airway obstruction was greatest before environmental modification. Significant improvement in lung function occurred within 3 days of the change in environment and continued to Day 7. Airway function was best after 30 days at pasture. The clinical response achieved by environmental modification was not significantly improved by addition of oral prednisone. The total number of cells, total neutrophils, and percent neutrophils was greatest before environmental modification. In the absence of prednisone, total and percent neutrophils did not decrease until Day 14 and total cell number until 30 days at pasture. In the presence of prednisone, total cells and total and percent neutrophils decreased by Day 3 and again at pasture. The fact that lung function can be improved within 3 days by environmental management alone emphasises the need for allergen reduction as the cornerstone of treatment of RAO. Although prednisone induced a more rapid reduction in airway inflammation, this was not associated with a more rapid improvement in airway function. [source] Long-term effect of full-mouth tooth extraction on the responsiveness of peripheral blood monocytesJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2003Schelte J. Fokkema Abstract Background: As some residual inflammation may remain after periodontal therapy, the present pilot study investigated the long-term effect of full-mouth tooth extraction therapy on the responsiveness of peripheral blood monocytes in a case with generalized terminal adult periodontitis. Methods: Before and 3, 9, 20 and 32 months after therapy, venous blood was collected. Total and differential white blood cell counts were determined and whole blood cell cultures (WBCC) were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators by monocytes. Results: After full-mouth tooth extraction, the numbers of total peripheral white blood cells and neutrophils decreased over time. The release of the chemokines interleukin (IL)-8 and macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the cultures decreased twofold over time, whereas no changes were seen for the other studied cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandin E2. Conclusion: On the basis of previous studies and the present case, the high production of IL-8 and MCP-1 by monocytes in LPS-stimulated WBCC from periodontitis patients is most likely acquired, as their levels decrease over time when the periodontal infection is controlled. The possible connection between periodontitis and atherosclerosis through IL-8 and MCP-1 is discussed. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Da nach der parodontalen Therapie eine restliche Entzündung zurückbleiben kann, untersucht die vorliegende Studie den Langzeiteffekt einer vollständigen Zahnextraktion auf die Ansprechbarkeit der peripheren Blutmonozyten in einem Fall mit generalisierter unheilbarer Erwachsenen-Parodontitis. Methoden: Vor und 3, 9, 20 und 32 Monaten nach der Therapie wurde venöses Blut gesammelt. Der totale und differenzierte weiße Blutzellgehalt wurden bestimmt, und eine gesamte Blutzellkultur (WBCC) wurde mit Lipopolysaccharid inkubiert, um die Produktion von Entzündungsmediatoren durch Lymphozyten zu stimulieren. Ergebnisse: Nach der vollständigen Zahnextraktion verringerte sich die Zahl der totalen peripheren weißen Blutzellen und der Neutrophilen über die Zeit. Die Freisetzung des Chemokins Interleukin 8 (IL-8) und des Makrophagen chemoattraktanten Proteins (MCP) ,1 in den Kulturen verringerte sich zweifach über die Zeit, während für die anderen beobachteten Cytokine, Chemokine und Prostaglandin E2 keine Veränderungen festgestellt wurden. Schlussfolgerung: Auf der Basis vorheriger Studien und des vorliegenden Falls ist die hohe Produktion von IL-8 und MCP-1 durch Monozyten in LPS stimulierten WBCC von Parodontitis-Patienten sehr wahrscheinlich anzunehmen, da ihr Level über die Zeit abnimmt, wenn die parodontale Infektion kontrolliert ist. Die mögliche Verbindung zwischen Parodontitis und Arteriosklerose durch IL-8 und MCP-1 wird diskutiert. Résumé Contexte: Puisqu'après traitement parodontal, une inflammation résiduelle peut subsister, cette étude se propose de rechercher les effets à long terme de l'extraction complète des dents sur la réponse des monocytes périphériques dans un cas de parodontite de l'adulte terminale généralisée. Méthodes: Des prélèvements sanguins veineux ont été réalisés avant et 3, 9, 20 et 32 mois après traitement. Les comptages totaux et relatifs des cellules blanches sanguines furent déterminés et les cultures complètes de cellules sanguines (WBCC) furent incubées avec du lipopolysaccharide pour stimuler la production des médiateurs de l'inflammation par les monocytes. Résultats: Après l'extraction complète des dents, les nombres de cellules sanguines blanches totales périphériques et des neutrophiles diminuaient au cours du temps. Le relargage des chimiokines interleukine (IL)-8 et protéine chimio-attractante du macrophage (MCP)-1 dans les cultures diminuait deux fois au cours du temps, alors qu'aucun changement n'était observé pour les autres cytokines étudiées, chimiokines et prostaglandine E2. Conclusion: Sur la base d'études préalables, et les résultats issus de ce cas présent, la forte production d'IL-8 et de MCP-1 par les monocytes dans les WBCC stimulés par le LPS chez des patients atteints de parodontite semble être vraisemblablement acquise puisque leurs niveaux diminuent lorsque l'infection parodontale est contrôlée. La relation possible entre parodontite et l'athérosclérose par IL-8 et MCP-1 est discutée. [source] Transfusion in premature infants impairs production and/or release of red blood cells, white blood cells and plateletsJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 3 2002B Frey Objective: To examine whether red blood cell transfusion in infants with anaemia of prematurity alters peripheral counts of red blood cell precursors, total white blood cells and white cell differential and platelets. Methodology: In 18 consecutive stable premature infants with anaemia of prematurity, peripheral cell counts were prospectively recorded immediately before transfusion of 20 mL/kg packed red blood cells (given over 6 h), and at 48 h after completion of the transfusion. Results: The median (interquartile range) haematocrit increased from 22.0% (21.3,24.0%) pre-transfusion to 37.0% (36.0,38.0%) post-transfusion (P < 0.001). Red-cell precursors decreased: median (interquartile range) reticulocytes from 3.7% (3.0,7.7%) to 3.7% (2.6,4.1%) (P = 0.03); and median (interquartile range) nucleated red blood cells from 0 G/L (0,0.2 G/L) to 0 G/L (0,0 G/L) (P = 0.03). The mean (SD) platelet count decreased from 420 G/L (154 G/L) to 313 G/L (101 G/L) (P = 0.001). The total white blood cell count and neutrophils did not change significantly; however, median (interquartile range) immature neutrophils decreased from 0.12 G/L (0.06,0.74 G/L) to 0.08 G/L (0.01,0.24 G/L) (P = 0.03). Lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils and plasma cells remained unchanged. Monocytes increased (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Forty-eight hours after red blood cell transfusion to premature infants, there is an absolute decrease in red blood cell precursors, immature white blood cells and platelets, probably due to erythropoietin-suppression. [source] Inflammation-induced leukocyte accumulation in injured skeletal muscle: Role of mast cellsMUSCLE AND NERVE, Issue 6 2008Claude H. Côt, e PhD Abstract Inflammation consequent to muscle damage is characterized by an accumulation of leukocytes. Our aim in this study was to determine whether mast cells can modulate inflammation-induced leukocyte trafficking. One approach consisted of giving rats a mast cell,degranulating agent, CMP 48/80, prior to a protocol of lengthening contractions inducing inflammation without neutrophil accumulation; in parallel, other rats were given the mast cell,stabilizing agent, cromolyn, prior to injecting muscle with bupivacaine, which induces neutrophil accumulation. Damage was evaluated through measurement of contractile force and inflammation using histochemical and immunohistochemichal methods. Stimulation with CMP 48/80 increased the proportion of degranulated mast cells significantly and neutrophil accumulation occurred with lengthening contractions. With bupivacaine, accumulation of neutrophils decreased by 70% when degranulation was inhibited. These results indicate that mast cells are important in the process governing leukocyte trafficking in skeletal muscle trauma and that targeting their inhibition could be an attractive alternative for control of inflammation. Muscle Nerve, 2008 [source] Nitric oxide generation from hydroxylamine in the presence of neutrophils and in the cell-free systemAPMIS, Issue 7-8 2001Magdalena Klink Conversion of hydroxylamine (HA) to nitric oxide (NO) has been studied in the presence or absence of human neutrophils with or without myristate acetate phorbol (PMA), catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors. The generation of NO from HA in the presence of neutrophils was higher than in the cell-free system. We found that catalase did not influence the nitrite generation from HA in the cell-free system and in the presence of neutrophils. The H2O2 enhanced the NO generation from HA in the presence of neutrophils only. When catalase and H2O2 were added together, a high increase of NO generation from HA in both systems was observed. The addition of SOD decreased whereas addition of PMA enhanced the NO generation from HA in the presence of neutrophils. The presented data show the possible role of oxygen radicals in the decomposition of HA to NO. The addition of NOS inhibitors to the culture of neutrophils decreased the generation of nitrite from HA. Our results suggest that NO generation from HA, which is an intermediate in NO production from L-arginine, may be supported by an enzymatic pathway in which cellular NO synthase is involved. [source] | ||||||||||