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Neurodevelopmental Delay (neurodevelopmental + delay)
Selected AbstractsNeonatal Apnea: What's New?,PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 10 2008Jalal M. Abu-Shaweesh MD Abstract Apnea of prematurity (AOP) remains a major clinical problem in present day neonatology that warrants frequent evaluations and imposes challenges in therapeutic strategies. Although the pathogenesis of AOP is poorly understood, it is probably a manifestation of physiologic immaturity of breathing control rather than a pathologic disorder. Immature breathing responses to hypoxia, hypercapnia and exaggerated inhibitory pulmonary reflexes in preterm infants might also contribute to the occurrence or severity of AOP. Recent data suggest a role for genetic predisposition. Although typically resolve with maturation, the role of bradycardia and desaturation episodes associated with AOP in the development of sleep disorder breathing and neurodevelopmental delay needs further clarification. Pharmacological treatment with methylxanthines and CPAP remain the mainstay for treatment of AOP. However, recent studies have implicated central inhibitory neuromodulators including prostaglandins, GABA and adenosine in its pathogenesis, the fact that might provide future specific targets for treatment. This review will summarize new insights involving these issues as well as others involving the pathogenesis, treatment strategies and consequences of apnea in premature infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:937,944. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Use of neurodevelopmental delay in pediatric solid organ transplant listing decisions: Inconsistencies in standards across major pediatric transplant centersPEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 7 2009Christopher T. Richards Abstract:, Children with NDD present for organ transplant evaluation, but the role of NDD as a listing criterion itself is poorly described. Therefore, we sought to investigate how major pediatric solid organ transplant programs use NDD as a criterion in their listing decisions. We developed a survey that was sent via post to active pediatric solid organ transplant programs across the United States investigating transplant listing decision-making for neurodevelopmentally delayed children. Respondents were medical/surgical directors and transplant coordinators. Descriptive statistics summarize the findings. Programs inconsistently use NDD in listing decisions. Thirty-nine percent of programs stated that they "rarely" or "never" consider NDD in their decisions, whereas 43% of programs "always" or "usually" do. Sixty-two percent of programs report that informal processes guide their use of NDD, and no programs describe their process as "formal, explicit, and uniform." The degree of delay is an additional source of discordance among programs, with 14% of programs reporting mild or moderate NDD as a relative contraindication to listing and 22% reporting that NDD was "irrelevant" to the listing decision. The use of NDD in pediatric solid organ transplant listing decisions is varied and inconsistent across active programs. [source] Significance of hypocarbia in the development of periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infantsPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2004Christina Giannakopoulou AbstractBackground:,Despite rapid advances in the management of preterm infants, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) remains a considerable problem in neonatal intensive care. The aim of this study was to determine whether hypocarbia is associated with the development of PVL in mechanically ventilated, preterm infants and to emphasize the importance of avoiding this disturbance. Methods:,The authors evaluated 52 mechanically ventilated infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks, who exhibited hypocarbia in the first three postnatal days (lowest carbon dioxide tension being <25 mmHg). These infants were then compared with 52 infants in a control group not exhibiting hypocarbia, matched for birthweight and gestational age. A diagnosis of PVL was made on the basis of the results of cranial ultrasonography. Confounding factors potentially associated with the development of PVL were controlled in logistic regression analyses. Results:,Of the 52 mechanically ventilated preterm infants with hypocarbia, 10 (19.2%) developed cystic PVL, and six (11.5%) developed periventricular echodensity. Of the 52 infants in the control group only two (3.8%) developed cystic PVL, and one (1.9%) infant developed periventricular echodensity. The authors observed no significant differences in other prenatal and perinatal risk factors between the two groups. Conclusion:,Hypocarbia in mechanically ventilated preterm infants during the first days of life is suggested as being an independent predictor of PVL, predisposing these infants to subsequent neurodevelopmental delay. [source] Duplication of chromosome 2 in association with ventriculomegaly , a case reportPRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 13 2001W. L. Martin Abstract This is a case report of the prenatal diagnosis of a de novo interstitial duplication of chromosome 2 (46,XX,dup(2)(p13p21) de novo) with an associated phenotypic abnormality. This chromosomal duplication is rare, only one has previously been described prenatally. Postnatal reports of similar duplications in this region have described associated dysmorphic features and significant neurodevelopmental delay. In our case, the only ultrasound finding was moderately severe ventriculomegaly. At post-mortem, ventriculomegaly was confirmed and there was associated macrocephaly (head circumference above the 97th centile) with no dysmorphic features seen. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Prognosis for the co-twin following single-twin death: a systematic reviewBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 9 2006SSC Ong Background, Following single-twin death, the perinatal mortality and morbidity for the surviving co-twin is increased but difficult to quantify. We present data on prognosis from a systematic review. Objectives, We aimed to determine the incidence of a) co-twin death, b) neurological abnormality and c) preterm delivery for the surviving co-twin following single-twin death after 14 weeks of gestation. Search strategy, Literature was identified by searching two bibliographical databases and specialist journals between 1990 and 2005. Selection criteria, The selected studies of ,5 cases reported on perinatal death and/or neurodevelopmental delay of the surviving co-twin. Data collection and analysis, Studies were assessed for quality and data extracted to allow computation of rates. The data were inspected for heterogeneity using a Forrest plot and examined statistically using the chi-square test. Data from individual studies were pooled within subgroups defined by prognosis. Main results, The search strategy yielded 632 potentially relevant citations. Full manuscripts were retrieved for 54 citations and 28 studies were finally included in the review. Following the death of one twin, the risk of monochorionic and dichorionic co-twin demise was 12% (95% CI 7,11) and 4% (95% CI 2,7), respectively. The risk of neurological abnormality in the surviving monochorionic and dichorionic co-twin was 18% (95% CI 11,26) and 1% (95% CI 0,7), respectively. The risk of preterm delivery was 68% (95% CI 56,78) and 57% (95% CI 34,77), respectively. Where there was comparative data within studies, the odds of monochorionic co-twin intrauterine death was six times that of dichorionic twins (OR 6.04 [95% CI 1.84,19.87]). Neurological abnormality was also higher in monochorionic compared with dichorionic pregnancies (OR 4.07 [95% CI 1.32,12.51]). Author's conclusions, More prospective research is required to inform decision making on this subject, especially with data that allow stratification based upon chorionicity. [source] Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants: risk factor profiles for different gestational agesACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 5 2009U Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Abstract Aim: Assessment of risk predictors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age in preterm infants with a gestational age <30 weeks (Group I) and 30,32 weeks (Group II). Methods: Between January 2003 and December 2006, we prospectively enrolled 310 live-born infants between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation. The association between candidate risk factors and delayed motor or mental development (Bayley Scales of infant development II; psychomotor or mental developmental index <85) was analysed by means of logistic regression analysis. Results: Two hundred and fifty infants were eligible for follow-up, and 205 (82.0%) completed the follow-up visit. Intracerebral haemorrhage, small for gestational age and late-onset sepsis were associated with an increased risk for delayed development in Group I (p < 0.05, each). Premature rupture of membranes was a risk condition relevant to Group II. Antenatal steroids were associated with a decreased risk of neurodevelopmental delay in both groups. Conclusion: This study identified distinct risk factors for adverse outcome in preterm infants of lower (<30 weeks) and higher (30,32 weeks) gestational age. In the lower gestational age group, neonatal risk predictors are most important. Antenatal steroids appear to decrease the risk for adverse outcome in both age groups. [source] | ||||||||||