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Neonatal Encephalopathy (neonatal + encephalopathy)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	76%

Selected Abstracts

Neonatal encephalopathy in the term infant: Neuroimaging and inflammatory cytokines

DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 1 2002
Audrey Foster-Barber
Abstract The interrelationship between inflammation and ischemia is complex and poorly understood in the developing nervous system. In the preterm newborn, maternal infection may predispose to white matter injury and may be associated with cytokine elevation. In the term infant, few studies exist linking elevation of cytokines with encephalopathy and poor neurodevelopmental outcome. This review discusses the interplay among inflammatory cytokines, neonatal encephalopathy, and neuroimaging parameters. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:20,24. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Neonatal encephalopathy: etiology and outcome

DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 5 2005
Karin B Nelson
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Neonatal encephalopathy in the term infant: Neuroimaging and inflammatory cytokines

Reduced accommodative function in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a novel management strategy

DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 10 2000
Linda M Ross MBCh B MRCP MRCPCH
A9-year-old boy with dyskinetic cerebral palsy secondary to neonatal encephalopathy is described. He presented with blurring of near vision which had begun to impact on his school work. Objective assessment of accommodation showed that very little was present, although convergence was almost normal. The near-vision symptoms were completely removed and reading dramatically improved with the provision of varifocal spectacles. Varifocal lenses provide an optimal correction for far, intermediate (i.e. for computer screens), and near distances (i.e. for reading). Managing this type of patient with varifocal spectacles has not been previously reported. It is clearly very important to prescribe an optimal spectacle correction to provide clear vision to optimize learning. [source]

c-Jun Expression, activation and function in neural cell death, inflammation and repair

JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2008
Gennadij Raivich
Abstract Up-regulation of c-Jun is a common event in the developing, adult as well as in injured nervous system that serves as a model of transcriptional control of brain function. Functional studies employing in vivo strategies using gene deletion, targeted expression of dominant negative isoforms and pharmacological inhibitors all suggest a three pronged role of c-Jun action, exercising control over neural cell death and degeneration, in gliosis and inflammation as well as in plasticity and repair. In vitro, structural and molecular studies reveal several non-overlapping activation cascades via N-terminal c-Jun phosphorylation at serine 63 and 73 (Ser63, Ser73), and threonine 91 and 93 (Thr91, Thr93) residues, the dephosphorylation at Thr239, the p300-mediated lysine acetylation of the near C-terminal region (Lys268, Lys271, Lys 273), as well as the Jun-independent activities of the Jun N-terminal family of serine/threonine kinases, that regulate the different and disparate cellular responses. A better understanding of these non-overlapping roles in vivo could considerably increase the potential of pharmacological agents to improve neurological outcome following trauma, neonatal encephalopathy and stroke, as well as in neurodegenerative disease. [source]

Determining the contribution of asphyxia to brain damage in the neonate

JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2004
James A. Low
Abstract Studies in the research laboratory have demonstrated the complex relationship between fetal and newborn asphyxia and brain damage, a balance between the degree, duration and nature of the asphyxia and the quality of the cardiovascular compensatory response. Clinical studies would support the contention that the human fetus and newborn behave in a similar manner. An accurate diagnosis of asphyxia requires a blood gas and acid base assessment. The clinical classification of fetal asphyxia is based on a measure of metabolic acidosis to confirm that fetal asphyxia has occurred and the expression of neonatal encephalopathy and other organ system complications to express the severity of the asphyxia. The prevalence of fetal asphyxia at delivery is at term, 25 per 1000 live births of whom 15% are moderate or severe; and in the preterm, 73 per 1000 live births of whom 50% are moderate or severe. It remains to be determined how often the asphyxia recognized at delivery may have been present before the onset of labor. There is a growing body of indirect and direct evidence to support the contention that antepartum fetal asphyxia is important in the occurrence of brain damage. Although much of the brain damage observed in the newborn reflects events that occurred before delivery, newborn asphyxia and hypotension, particularly in the preterm newborn, may contribute to the brain damage accounting for deficits in surviving children [source]

Spurious hypercreatininemia: 28 neonatal foals (2000,2008)

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 2 2010
DACVECC, DACVIM, Kristin P. Chaney DVM
Abstract Objectives , To (1) determine the occurrence of spurious hypercreatininemia in a population of hospitalized foals <2 days old, (2) assess the resolution of the hypercreatininemia, and (3) determine its association with survival in these foals. Design , Retrospective case series. Setting , 2 Referral hospitals. Animals , Foals <2 days old with an admission creatinine >442 ,mol/L (>5.0 mg/dL) from 2 referral hospitals. Interventions , None. Measurements and Main Results , The medical records of 33 foals were reviewed. Twenty-eight had spurious hypercreatininemia and 5 had acute renal failure. Admission creatinine was not significantly different between the 2 groups (mean [standard deviation]). The creatinine was 1,202 ,mol/L (663 ,mol/L) (13.6 mg/dL [7.5 mg/dL]) versus 1,185 ,mol/L (787 ,mol/L) (13.4 mg/dL [8.9 mg/d]) (P=0.96) in each group, respectively, though BUN at the time of hospital admission was significantly higher for acute renal failure foals (P=0.009). In the spurious group, serum creatinine at admission decreased to 504 ,mol/L (380 ,mol/L) (5.7 mg/dL [4.3 mg/dL]) by 24 hours, and to 159 ,mol/L (80 ,mol/L) (1.8 mg/dL [0.9 mg/dL]) at 48 hours, and to 115 ,mol/L (44 ,mol/L) (1.3 mg/dL [0.5 mg/dL]) at 72 hours. Twenty-three of 28 foals with spurious hypercreatininemia survived to hospital discharge and there was no difference in mean admission creatinine between survivors (1176 ,mol/L [628 ,mol/L]) (13.3 mg/dL [7.1 mg/dL]) and nonsurvivors (1308 ,mol/L [857 ,mol/L]) (14.8 mg/dL [9.7 mg/dL]) (P=0.67). Twenty of 28 foals had clinical signs suggestive of neonatal encephalopathy. Conclusion , Creatinine decreased by >50% within the initial 24 hours of standard neonatal therapy and was within the reference interval in all but 1 foal within 72 hours of hospitalization. The diagnosis of neonatal encephalopathy was common in these foals. [source]

Fetal extrasystole may predict poor neonatal outcome

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
Jake A. BROWN
Extrasystoles particularly premature atrial contractions noted during labour on the fetal heart rate monitoring strip are usually thought to be benign. In pregnancies complicated by fetal infection and/or the fetal inflammatory response syndrome, there are some data that extrasystoles noted during the intrapartum period may be related to neonatal sepsis and eventual poor neonatal outcome including death or neonatal encephalopathy. Additional observations are needed to substantiate this hypothesis. [source]

Review of the first 1502 cases of ECG-ST waveform analysis during labour in a teaching hospital

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 10 2007
V Doria
Objective, To assess the impact of introduction of the STAN monitoring system. Study design, Prospective observational study. Setting, Tertiary referral labour ward, St George's Hospital, London. Population, High-risk term pregnancies. Methods, We report all consecutive cases of intrapartum monitoring using the STAN S 21 fetal heart monitor. Cases with adverse neonatal outcome were evaluated in relation to the ST waveform analysis and cardiotocography (CTG). Main outcome measures, Cord artery metabolic acidosis, neonatal encephalopathy (NNE) and reasons behind cases with poor outcome. Results, Between 2002 and 2005, there were 1502 women monitored by STAN. Based on combined STAN analysis in the 1502 women, action was indicated in 358 women (23.8%), while in 1108 women (73.8%) no action was indicated. Traces were not interpretable in 36 women (2.4%). Of the 836 cases (55.7%) where cord blood gases were available, there were 23 cases (2.8%) of metabolic acidosis and 16 of these (70%) were identified by STAN. Overall, there were 14 cases of NNE monitored by STAN. Retrospective analysis of these highlights human errors, such as poor CTG interpretation, delay in taking appropriate action and not following the guidelines. Conclusions, Our experience suggests the need for more intense training on interpretation of CTG and strict adherence to guidelines. [source]

Antecedents of neonatal encephalopathy with fetal acidaemia at term

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 3 2000
Philip Myerscough
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Therapeutic hypothermia: surgical infant with neonatal encephalopathy

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2009
E Chakkarapani
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy: a UK survey of opinion, practice and neuro-investigation at the end of 2007

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2009
Andrew Kapetanakis
Abstract Background: The 2007 Cochrane review of therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy (NE) indicates a significant reduction in adverse outcome. UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidelines are awaited. Objective: To benchmark current opinion and practice to inform future strategies for optimal knowledge transfer for therapeutic hypothermia. Methods: A web based questionnaire (30 sections related to opinion and practice of management of NE) sent to the clinical leads of Level I, II and III neonatal units throughout the UK in November/December 2007. Results: One hundred and twenty-five (out of 195) UK neonatal units responded (response rate 66%). Ten percent, 37.5% and 51.5% responses were from level I, II and III units respectively. Twenty eight percent of all units provided therapeutic hypothermia locally (52% of level III units), however 80% of responders would offer therapeutic hypothermia if there was the facility. Overall, 57% of responders considered therapeutic hypothermia effective or very effective , similar for all unit levels; 43% considered more data are required. Regional availability of therapeutic hypothermia exists in 55% of units and 41% of units offer transfer to a regional centre for therapeutic hypothermia. Conclusion: In the UK in 2007, access to therapeutic hypothermia was widespread although not universal. More than half of responders considered therapeutic hypothermia effective. Fifty-five percent of perinatal networks have the facility to offer therapeutic hypothermia. The involvement of national bodies may be necessary to ensure the adoption of therapeutic hypothermia according to defined protocols and standards; registration is important and will help ensure universal neurodevelopmental follow up. [source]