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Negotiation Process (negotiation + process)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	40%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	40%

Selected Abstracts

Automated Negotiation from Declarative Contract Descriptions

COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 4 2002
Daniel M. Reeves
Our approach for automating the negotiation of business contracts proceeds in three broad steps. First, determine the structure of the negotiation process by applying general knowledge about auctions and domain,specific knowledge about the contract subject along with preferences from potential buyers and sellers. Second, translate the determined negotiation structure into an operational specification for an auction platform. Third, after the negotiation has completed, map the negotiation results to a final contract. We have implemented a prototype which supports these steps by employing a declarative specification (in courteous logic programs) of (1) high,level knowledge about alternative negotiation structures, (2) general,case rules about auction parameters, (3) rules to map the auction parameters to a specific auction platform, and (4) special,case rules for subject domains. We demonstrate the flexibility of this approach by automatically generating several alternative negotiation structures for the domain of travel shopping in a trading agent competition. [source]

THE NON-TRADED SECTOR, LOBBYING, AND THE CHOICE BETWEEN THE CUSTOMS UNION AND THE COMMON MARKET

ECONOMICS & POLITICS, Issue 3 2008
CYRILLE SCHWELLNUS
This paper models immigration policy as the outcome of political competition between interest groups representing individuals employed in different sectors. In standard positive theory, restrictive immigration policy results from a low-skilled median voter voting against predominantly low-skilled immigration. In the present paper, in contrast, once trade policies are liberalized, restrictive immigration policy results from anti-immigration lobbying by interest groups representing the non-traded sectors. It is shown that this is in line with empirical regularities from recent episodes of restrictive immigration legislation in the European Union. It is further shown that if governments negotiate bilaterally over trade and migration policy regimes, the equilibrium regime depends (i) on the sequencing of the international negotiation process and (ii) on the set of available trade and migration policy regimes. In particular, the most comprehensive and most welfare-beneficial type of liberalization may be rejected only because a less comprehensive type of liberalization is available. [source]

Emission trading regimes and incentives to participate in international climate agreements

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 5 2004
Barbara Buchner
This paper analyses whether different emission trading regimes provide different incentives to participate in a cooperative climate agreement. Different incentive structures are discussed for those countries, namely the US, Russia and China, that are most important in the climate negotiation process. Our analysis confirms the conjecture that, by appropriately designing the emission trading regime, it is possible to enhance the incentives to participate in a climate agreement. Therefore, participation and optimal policy should be jointly analysed. Moreover, our results show that the US, Russia and China have different most preferred climate coalitions and therefore adopt conflicting negotiation strategies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source]

An organizing framework for the implementation of environmental voluntary approaches

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 1 2004
James A. Cunningham
There is a rich terminology associated with environmental voluntary approaches. The richness in terminology is matched by the pervasive nature of the implementation of voluntary approaches into the fabric of European environmental policy and regulation. The lack of a universal definition of what an environmental voluntary approach is has made the implementation task more difficult. The richness in terminology dealing with environmental voluntary approaches is categorized and the characteristics, context and implementation of environmental voluntary approaches are discussed. This paper proposes an organizing framework for the implementation of environmental voluntary approaches, which includes context assessment; instrument rationale; negotiation process; content; implementation; and post-implementation, enforcement and monitoring. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source]

Reforming the training system in France

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL, Issue 4 2005
Philippe Méhaut
ABSTRACT The French system of continuing vocational training was set up in 1970 by an intersectoral collective agreement that was then followed by legislation. More than 30 years on, the economic and social context has changed and the system now faces new challenges. In 2001 and again in 2003 the social partners embarked upon new negotiations in a bid to redesign the system. Analysis of the negotiation process and of its outcomes, reveals, both, the, persistence, of, societal, characteristics, and, the, emergence, of significant innovations, particularly in the individualisation of training. This dual trend is explained by the characteristics of the actors involved as well as by the weakness of the state. [source]

The New Role of the Internal Auditor: Implications for Internal Auditor Objectivity

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDITING, Issue 2 2000
Richard G. Brody
The role of the internal auditor continues to evolve. The recent emphasis on consulting activities has brought new questions and concerns regarding the ability of internal auditors to function in an independent and objective manner. The purpose of this research is to explore whether internal auditors view their consulting role as one in which they are to provide objective feedback to management or one in which they are to provide solutions that they believe are in the best interests of their company. Specifically, we examine whether the internal auditors' judgments are dependent on their company's role (buyer or seller) in an acquisition. Results revealed that the role of the company in the negotiation process did influence judgments. This suggests that internal auditors are likely to assume the position that is in the best interests of their employer. Implications of these results are discussed as are suggested areas for future research. [source]

Breaking Deadlocks in International Institutional Negotiations: The WTO, Seattle, and Doha

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2009
John S. Odell
Negotiations among members of international institutions often stalemate yet the outcomes vary. Sometimes talks end in impasse and other times in agreement. Several familiar theories are unable to explain the contrast between two prominent outcomes in the World Trade Organization,its 1999 deadlock in Seattle and its 2001 agreement in Doha, Qatar, on an agenda for a new round. Extensive original evidence from these cases documents mechanisms that can tip the negotiation process between impasse and agreement in any institution, not only economic ones. The study illustrates benefits for international relations research of building on the relatively neglected tradition of negotiation analysis, a substantial part of which is outside political science. [source]

Negotiating Transparency: The Role of Institutions

JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 2 2004
Bo Bjurulf
On 30 May 2001, a new regulation on public access to EU documents was presented and was heralded in the European press as a breakthrough for transparency. We argue that a focus on institutions can cast light on the negotiation processes that led to this decision, and explain the final,for realist negotiation theory puzzling,outcome. We demonstrate the importance of institutions in EU negotiations by detailing actor interests and strategies in the transparency case, and by tracing and analysing the negotiation process that resulted in the regulation. The institutions that receive particular attention are: agenda-shaping rules, decision-making procedures and voting rules, informal norms, time tables and deadlines, and intervention by institutional actors. [source]

A Noncooperative Quantity-Rationing Theory of Transboundary Pollution

JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMIC THEORY, Issue 3 2010
SUDHIR A. SHAH
We study a remedy for the problem caused by international transfrontier pollution. Our results are derived from the analysis of a noncooperative game model of the determination of emissions in a quantity-rationing setting. We model the emission capping negotiations using the best response dynamic process and provide natural conditions under which the process has a unique and globally asymptotically stable stationary point. We then analyze the link between type profiles and the stationary points of the negotiation process to derive various comparative statics results and the type-contingent ordering of emission allocations. These results are used to study the investment strategies that nations can use prior to the negotiations in order to manipulate the equilibrium emission caps. [source]

Paths to Negotiation Success

NEGOTIATION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, Issue 2 2010
Jane A. Halpert
Abstract This article presents a multi-variable model of the negotiation process and tests it via a series of meta-analyses and follow-up path analyses. Negotiator goals, relationships, expectations, and behavior are tested as predictors of (a) the profit-or-loss outcome of the negotiation, (b) the negotiator's perceptions of the other party, and (c) the negotiator's satisfaction with the negotiation. A path model was tested based on separate meta-analyses to create the correlation table of the seven variables. The findings demonstrate that to be successful, negotiations should focus on goals and cooperation within the negotiation. High goals and positive relationships started negotiators on the path to successful outcomes. [source]

Understanding Barriers to Peace: Reflecting on Israeli,Palestinian Economic Negotiations

NEGOTIATION JOURNAL, Issue 3 2004
Bari Bar-Zion
Drawing on relevant negotiations literature, this article describes some of the main barriers in the negotiation process between Israel and the Palestinian Authority as experienced by the author between the years 1998,2000. The analysis of these barriers is viewed through a prism of one case study: the negotiations regarding the economic component of the Wye River Memorandum. By subjecting that two-year negotiation process to a reflective analysis, this article not only attempts to shed light on the case presented, but also to help identify a wider range of barriers and behaviors that characterize the ongoing negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. [source]

PRIVATE LEGISLATION AS A STRATEGY OF POLITICAL NEGOTIATION

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 4 2009
ANAT MAOR
This article contributes to the perception of the role of the legislator as political initiator in modern parliamentarianism. Most of the research literature relates to the parliament member as a ,eam player' of their faction and party. This research was conducted into the functioning of the Israeli parliament The Knesset and into private members' legislation. The article examines in an innovative way the act of legislation, not only as a judicial or procedural process but as a process of political negotiation. The concept and findings that arose from the study of the role of the legislator as initiator of bills and negotiator with the government gives important knowledge and perspective on legislation as a political negotiation process. [source]

A Malaysia,United States free trade agreement: Malaysian media and domestic resistance

ASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 1 2009
Sandra SmeltzerArticle first published online: 25 MAR 200
Abstract This article examines Malaysia's civil society resistance to a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) with the United States, focusing specifically on the role played by domestic mainstream and alternative media in raising awareness of trade negotiations. While challenges to a Malaysia,United States FTA may appear muted , especially if compared with the outpouring of dissent witnessed on the streets of Thailand and South Korea against similar deals with the United States , Malaysia's civil society agents have employed a range of mechanisms to oppose the agreement. Although these activists have focused their efforts on different sections of the proposed FTA , from intellectual property rights to food sovereignty to government procurement procedures , all share a common call for greater transparency in the negotiation process and greater public and parliamentary consultation. This article takes a critical look at who is involved in these resistance efforts, their key issues of concern, limitations to their success, and, most importantly, their relationship with and use of local media. [source]