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Neck Descent (neck + descent)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Kinds of Neck Descent

  • bladder neck descent
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    Selected Abstracts

    Ultrasonographic changes of the female bladder neck during development

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 12 2002
    KIMIO SUGAYA
    Abstract Background: Our previous study showed that the anteroposterior vesical wall angle (APVA) at the bladder neck on transabdominal ultrasonography varied widely between women. The present study examines whether the APVA changes during development in girls with a normal bladder. Methods: Seventy-four females aged 0,29 years with normal bladders were examined by transabdominal ultrasonography. They were divided into six age groups and their APVA was measured in the supine position by sagittal ultrasonography. Intravenous urography was conducted to examine bladder neck descent and bladder neck opening. Results: The APVA ranged from 85 to 200°. The mean APVA in girls aged 0,4 years was 129 ± 30° (±SD) and the mean APVA in girls aged 5,9 years was 135 ± 25°. The mean APVA at ages 10,14 years was 161 ± 26°; at 15,19 years, 164 ± 33°; at 20,24 years, 164 ± 18°; and at 25,29 years, 163 ± 16°. The APVA values of these four groups were significantly larger (P < 0.05) than those of the two younger groups. No bladder abnormalities were found on intravenous urography. Conclusion: The APVA was small in some girls under 10 years of age, but the APVA of girls aged over 10 years was similar to that in young adults. The APVA may reflect bladder base plate tone and be partially related to hormonal changes in females during development. [source]

    Relationship between urinary profile of the endogenous steroids and postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence

    NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 3 2003
    S.W. Bai
    Abstract Aims The aims of this study were to investigate whether endogenous steroid hormones are (1) related to pathogenesis of stress urinary incontinence after menopause, (2) are related to severity of stress urinary incontinence, and (3) are related to prognostic parameters of stress urinary incontinence. Methods Twenty post-partum women with clinically diagnosed stress urinary incontinence and 20 age-matched postmenopausal women without stress urinary incontinence (control group) were evaluated. We compared urinary profile of the endogenous steroid hormones patients with stress urinary incontinence and controls, and between grade I and grade II of stress urinary incontinence. We also in vestigated the relationship between urinary profile of the endogenous steroid hormones and prognostic parameters of stress urinary incontinence (maximal urethral closure pressure, functional urethral length, Valsalva leak point pressure, cough leak point pressure, posterior urethrovesical angle, bladder neck descent, and stress urethral axis). The ages of the patients and those in the control group were 64.3,±,5.6 and 57.5,±,3.8 years old and the body mass indexes were 24.96,±,3.14 and 22.11,±, 2.73 kg/m2 in patients and in normal subjects, respectively. Nine patients were grade I and 11 were grade II. Estrone and 17,-estradiol only were detected in all subjects, regardless of control or patient group. It is noteworthy that there were no significant differ ences (P,>,0.05) in the levels of estrone and 17,-estradiol in the urine of postmenopausal normal subjects compared with in the urine of postmenopausal patients with urinary incontinence. E2/E1 ratio was not different between the two groups (P,>,0.05). Among the objective steroids, DHEA, ,4 -dione, ,5 -diol, Te, DHT, 16,-DHT, 11-keto An, THDOC, and THB were not detected either in the urine of normal subjects and nor in the urine of the patients. After comparing androgen levels between normal subjects and patients, no significant differences (P>0.05) were detected, except for 5,-THB and 5,-THF. Neither 5,-THB or 5,-THF were detected in the patients' urine. Et/An (11,-OH Et/11,-OH An) concentration ratios were not significantly different between the two groups, either (P,>,0.05). There were not significant differences of concentrations (,mol/g creatinine) of urinary steroids between grade I and grade II of stress urinary incontinence. Pregnanediol was significantly related to bladder neck descent in supine and sitting positions (R,=,0.79, P,=,0.01, and R,=,0.73, P,=,0.03, respectively), and pregnanetriol was significantly related to maximal urethral closure pressure and functional urethral length (R,=,0.68, P,=,0.04, and R,=,,0.79, P,=,0.01, respectively). Androsterone was significantly related to bladder neck descent in supine and sitting positions (R,=,0.68, P,=,0.04, and R,=,0.78, P,=,0.01, respectively). 5-AT was significantly related to bladder neck descent in sitting position and stress urethral axis (R,=,0.72, P,=,0.03, and R,=,,0.71, P,=,0.03). 11-Keto Et was significantly related to bladder neck descent in supine and sitting positions and related to stress ure thral axis (R,=,0.82, P,=,0.01, and R,=,0.81, P,=,0.01, R,=,,0.67, P,=,0.04, respectively). THS was signi ficantly related to bladder neck descent in supine and sitting positions and related to stress urethral axis (R,=,0.76, P,=,0.02, and R,=,0.74, P,=,0.02, R,=,,0.68, P,=,0.04, respectively). THE was significantly related to bladder neck descent in sitting position (R,=,0.67, P,=,0.04).,-Tetrahydrocortisol/,-tetrahydrocortisol (,-THF/,-THF) and ,-cortol were significantly related to maximal urethral closure pressure and functional urethral length (R,=,0.74, P,=,0.02, and R,=,,0.92, P,=,0.01; R,=,0.71, P,=,0.36, and R,=,,0.87, P,=,0.000, respectively). 17,-Estradiol (E2) was significantly related to bladder neck descent in supine position (R,=,,0.62, P,=,0.04) and 17,-estradiol/estrone (E2/E1) was significantly related to cough leak point pressure (R,=,0.79, P,=,0.01). In conclusion, the urinary concentrations of endogenous steroid metabolites in postmenopausal patients with stress urinary incontinence were not significantly different from normal patients and were not significantly different between grade I and grade II patients with stress urinary incontinence. Some endogenous steroid metabolites were positively or negatively significantly related to prognostic parameters of stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:198,205, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Original Article: Predicting the outcome of induction of labour

    AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
    Ralph NADER
    Objective:, To test whether prediction of delivery outcome is feasible in post-term nulliparous pregnant women, using a published model and a locally produced model combining clinical and ultrasound assessment. Methods:, This is a prospective pilot study of 53 nulliparous women seen in a postdates clinic between 40 weeks four days and 41 weeks three days of gestation. They underwent a routine assessment including transabdominal ultrasound to determine amniotic fluid index, a Bishop score, and translabial ultrasound to determine the station of the fetal head at rest and bladder neck descent at rest and on valsalva. Additional information such as body weight at booking and current weight, height and a family history of caesarean section was obtained. Delivery outcome and labour details were obtained from the local obstetric database. Two models for prediction of delivery outcome were tested. Results:, Forty-nine complete datasets were analysed. Fourteen women had a normal vaginal delivery, 17 instrumental deliveries and 18 caesarean sections. A published model predicted the induction outcome in 62%. A local model using maternal age, body mass index, family history of caesarean section, station of the fetal head and bladder neck descent predicted vaginal delivery in 70% in our study. Conclusion:, Prediction of delivery outcome is of limited feasibility in post-term nulliparous pregnant women. Our locally produced model was successful in predicting vaginal delivery in 70% of women. Prediction of delivery outcome may not be sufficiently powerful to allow modification of current obstetric practice. [source]

    Bladder neck mobility is a heritable trait

    BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
    H.P. Dietz
    Objective Congenital connective tissue dysfunction may partly be responsible for female pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. We undertook a heritability study to determine whether mobility of the bladder neck, one of the main determinants of stress urinary incontinence, is genetically influenced. Design Heritability study using a twin model and structural equation modelling. Setting Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia. Population One hundred and seventy-eight nulliparous Caucasian female twins and their sisters (46 monozygotic pairs, 24 dizygotic pairs and 38 sisters) aged 18,24 years. Methods We performed translabial ultrasound, supine and after bladder emptying, for pelvic organ mobility. Urethral rotation and bladder neck descent were calculated using the best of three effective Valsalva manoeuvres. Main outcome measures Bladder and urethral mobility on Valsalva assessed by urethral rotation, vertical and oblique bladder neck descent. Results Genetic modelling indicated that additive genes accounted for up to 59% of the variance for bladder neck descent. All remaining variance appeared due to environmental influences unique to the individual, including measurement error. Conclusion A significant genetic contribution to the phenotype of bladder neck mobility appears likely. [source]