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Neck Circumference (neck + circumference)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Visceral adiposity is closely correlated with neck circumference and represents a significant indicator of insulin resistance in WHO grade III obesity

CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
L. Yang
Summary Objective, Although associations between visceral adiposity (intra-abdominal fat mass) and insulin resistance are well established, previous data include few subjects with WHO grade III obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2]. We have investigated the relationship between visceral adiposity and insulin resistance using computed tomography (CT)-quantified fat mass and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with severe obesity. Patients and methods, Eighteen nondiabetic subjects with BMI > 40 kg/m2 were recruited. BMI, and waist, hip and neck circumferences were measured. Fasting plasma insulin and glucose were measured to calculate HOMA-IR. A single slice CT scan was taken at L4 and visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and ASAT, respectively) quantified using ,SliceOmatic' image analysis software. Results, A close correlation was demonstrated between VAT and HOMA-IR (r2 = 0·46, P = 0·002), whereas ASAT showed no relationship. Neck circumference correlated with both VAT (r2 = 0·67, P < 0·0001) and HOMA-IR (r2 = 0·35, P = 0·01). Waist circumference only correlated significantly with VAT (r2 = 0·25, P = 0·03). Conclusions, Visceral adiposity remains a strongly significant indicator of insulin resistance in WHO grade III obesity. Neck circumference surpasses other anthropometric measurements as a powerful marker of both VAT and insulin resistance. [source]

Gender, age and menopause effects on the prevalence and the characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea in obesity

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 12 2003
O. Resta
Abstract Background, In the 1970s and 80s it was believed that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was primarily a disease of men. The present study was addressed to evaluate the effect of gender and menopause on the prevalence and the characteristics of OSA and on anthropometric, clinical, respiratory and polysomnographic data in a population of obese individuals. Patients and methods, A total of 230 obese subjects (BMI , 30 kg m,2), 148 women and 82 men, aged 16,75 years, were recruited and evaluated for general and anthropometric parameters, respiratory function, sleep-related symptoms and sleep disorders of breathing. Results, Respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and the prevalence of OSA were lower in women than in men (P < 0·001 and P < 0·001, respectively). Among subjects < 55 years, neck circumference, percentage of predicted normal neck circumference (PPNC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), PaCO2, RDI and the prevalence of OSA were lower in female subjects (P = 0·05, P < 0·05, P < 0·001, P < 0·01 and P < 0·01, respectively). BMI, neck circumference, PPNC, WHR, RDI and the prevalence of OSA were higher in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women (P < 0·01, P < 0·01, P < 0·01, P < 0·01 and P < 0·01, respectively). Conclusions, Our study demonstrates that (i) the male dominance regarding the prevalence and the severity of OSA disappears in men older than 55 years, and (ii) menopause seems to play a pivotal role in modulating both the presence and the degree of sleep disorder. [source]

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Accuracy of surface landmark identification for cannula cricothyroidotomy

ANAESTHESIA, Issue 9 2010
D. S. J. Elliott
Summary Cannula cricothyroidotomy is recommended for emergency transtracheal ventilation by all current airway guidelines. Success with this technique depends on the accurate and rapid identification of percutaneous anatomical landmarks. Six healthy subjects underwent neck ultrasound to delineate the borders of the cricothyroid membrane. The midline and bisecting transverse planes through the membrane were marked with an invisible ink pen which could be revealed with an ultraviolet light. Eighteen anaesthetists were then invited to mark an entry point for cricothyroid membrane puncture. Only 32 (30%) attempts by anaesthetists accurately marked the skin area over the cricothyroid membrane. Of these only 11 (10%) marked over the centre point of the membrane. Entry point accuracy was not significantly affected by subjects' weight, height, body mass index, neck circumference or cricothyroid dimensions. Consultant and registrar anaesthetists were significantly more accurate than senior house officers at correctly identifying the cricothyroid membrane. Accuracy of percutaneously identifying the cricothyroid membrane was poor. Ultrasound may assist in identifying anatomical landmarks for cricothyroidotomy. [source]

Visceral adiposity is closely correlated with neck circumference and represents a significant indicator of insulin resistance in WHO grade III obesity

Prediction of incipient pasture-associated laminitis from hyperinsulinaemia, hyperleptinaemia and generalised and localised obesity in a cohort of ponies

EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009
R. A. CARTER
Summary Reasons for performing study: The ability to predict ponies at increased risk of laminitic episodes, when exposed to nutrient dense pasture, would facilitate management to avoid disease. Objectives: To identify variables and clinically useful cut-off values with reproducible diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of ponies that subsequently developed laminitis when exposed to nutrient dense pasture. Methods: A cohort of predominantly Welsh and Dartmoor ponies from a closed herd was evaluated in March 2006 (n = 74) and March 2007 (n = 57). Ponies were categorised as never laminitic or previously laminitic according to reported laminitic history and as clinically laminitic (CL) if laminitis was observed within 3 months following evaluation. Body condition score (BCS), cresty neck score (CNS), girth and neck circumferences (NC), withers height, blood pressure and hoof surface temperature, and plasma insulin, glucose, triglyceride, leptin, cortisol, ACTH, uric acid and TNF-, concentrations were measured. Analysis of sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic curves was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy for a variable to predict CL ponies. Results: Variables with diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of CL ponies included insulin, leptin, BCS, CNS, and NC:height ratio. Specific cut-off values of insulin (>32 mu/l), leptin (>7.3 ng/ml), BCS (,7), CNS (,4) and NC:height ratio (>0.71) had reproducible diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of laminitis. Combining tests did not result in higher diagnostic accuracy than individual tests of insulin or leptin during either evaluation. Conclusions: Tests of insulin and leptin concentrations and measures of generalised (BCS) and localised (CNS or NC:height ratio) obesity were beneficial in the prediction of laminitic episodes. Potential relevance: These results highlight the importance of monitoring and reducing insulin concentration, and generalised and regional obesity in ponies to reduce risk of laminitis. [source]