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Necessary Background (necessary + background)
Selected AbstractsSmall Area Estimation-New Developments and DirectionsINTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2002Danny Pfeffermann Summary The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review of the main advances in small area estimation (SAE) methods in recent years. We also discuss some of the earlier developments, which serve as a necessary background for the new studies. The review focuses on model dependent methods with special emphasis on point prediction of the target area quantities, and mean square error assessments. The new models considered are models used for discrete measurements, time series models and models that arise under informative sampling. The possible gains from modeling the correlations among small area random effects used to represent the unexplained variation of the small area target quantities are examined. For review and appraisal of the earlier methods used for SAE, see Ghosh & Rao (1994). [source] Scan profiles for neutron spectrometers.JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2003`Acceptance diagrams' are a powerful graphical method of describing beam characteristics on neutron scattering instruments. Recent examples of the technique have used hypothetical rectangular-profile beam elements, not the conventional Gaussian profiles, to clarify the description. This article develops the method for Gaussian-profile beam elements and shows that it gives identical results to accepted techniques. Direct expressions are presented for scan profiles, their widths and intensities for both powder diffractometers and three-axis spectrometers. This work gives some necessary background and therefore forms the first part of a discussion of the resolution effects of the new reflecting Soller collimators for neutrons. [source] Behavioural modelling of long-lived evolution processes,some issues and an exampleJOURNAL OF SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE AND EVOLUTION: RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, Issue 5 2002M. M. Lehman Abstract For reasons now well understood, application software that is regularly used for real-world problem solving must be continually adapted and enhanced to maintain its fitness to an ever-changing real world, its applications and application domains. This type of activity is termed progressive. As evolution continues, the complexity (functional, structural) of the evolving system is likely to increase unless work, termed anti-regressive, is undertaken to control and even reduce it. However, with progressive and anti-regressive work naturally competing for the same pool of resources, management requires means to estimate the amount of work and resources to be applied to each of the two types. After providing a necessary background, the paper describes a systems dynamics model that can serve as the core of a tool to support decision making regarding the optimal personnel allocation over the system lifetime. The model is provided as an example of the use of formalisms in modelling the behaviour of the evolution process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Developing a Service-Learning Curriculum for LinguisticsLINGUISTICS & LANGUAGE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2010Colleen M. Fitzgerald Service-learning integrates community service into a credit-earning course to enrich the learning experience and pair practice with theory in some content area. Linguistics courses offer tremendous potential for service-learning because there are a variety of ways in which language-related theory can be put into practice. This paper outlines the development of a service-learning curriculum for linguistics courses. While examples come from a project where students tutored adult second language learners of English, the activities in this paper extend well to other linguistics courses. Reflection is essential to service-learning, so necessary background and examples of it as a structured learning tool appear here. A second assessment tool, an anonymous online survey taken before and after tutoring, was used to explore any impact on language and diversity attitudes. More generally, service-learning has the potential to positively affect career development, to generate a sense of civic engagement, to facilitate greater understanding of other cultures and races and to make a difference in local communities. [source] The school-based health center as a resource for prevention and health promotionPSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 1 2008Michael B. Brown The importance of school-based health centers (SBHCs) in overall prevention and health promotion programming is growing as they become increasingly common in schools. SBHCs can improve access to comprehensive physical and mental health services for children and families, and make a significant contribution to universal prevention efforts in schools. Partnering with school-based health centers in the overall prevention and health promotion programming provides an opportunity for school psychologists to broaden their impact on the entire school population. This article describes the role and primary functions of SBHCs and how these centers can provide important prevention and health promotion services for children and adolescents. Research regarding SBHCs' primary prevention outcomes is also reviewed with the goal of providing school psychologists the necessary background to work collaboratively with SBHCs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||