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Natural Teeth (natural + tooth)
Selected AbstractsSensory-motor function of human periodontal mechanoreceptors,JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 4 2006M. TRULSSON summary, Natural teeth are equipped with periodontal mechanoreceptors that signal information about tooth loads. In the present review, the basic force-encoding properties of human periodontal receptors will be presented along with a discussion about their likely functional role in the control of human mastication. Microneurographic recordings from single nerve fibres reveal that human periodontal receptors adapt slowly to maintained tooth loads. Most receptors are broadly tuned to the direction of force application, and about half respond to forces applied to more than one tooth. Populations of periodontal receptors, nevertheless, reliably encode information about both the teeth stimulated, and the direction of forces applied to the individual teeth. Information about the magnitude of tooth loads is made available in the mean firing rate response of periodontal receptors. Most receptors exhibit a markedly curved relationship between discharge rate and force amplitude, featuring the highest sensitivity to changes in tooth load at very low force levels (below 1 N for anterior teeth and 4 N for posterior teeth). Thus, periodontal receptors efficiently encode tooth load when subjects contact and gently manipulate food using the teeth. It is demonstrated that signals from periodontal receptors are used in the fine motor control of the jaw and it is clear from studies of various patient groups (e.g. patients with dental implants) that important sensory-motor functions are lost or impaired when these receptors are removed during the extraction of teeth. [source] Tactile sensibility of single-tooth implants and natural teethCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2007Norbert Enkling Abstract Aim: The purpose of this randomized split-mouth clinical trial was to determine the active tactile sensibility between singe-tooth implants and opposing natural teeth and to compare it with the tactile sensibility of pairs of natural teeth on the contralateral side in the same mouth (intraindividual comparison). Material and Methods: The hypothesis was that the active tactile sensibilities of the implant side and control side are equivalent. Sixty two subjects (n=36 from Bonn, n=26 from Bern) with single-tooth implants (22 anterior and 40 posterior dental implants) were asked to bite on narrow copper foil strips varying in thickness (5,200 ,m) and to decide whether or not they were able to identify a foreign body between their teeth. Active tactile sensibility was defined as the 50% threshold of correct answers estimated by means of the Weibull distribution. Results: The results obtained for the interocclusal perception sensibility differed between subjects far more than they differed between natural teeth and implants in the same individual [implant/natural tooth: 16.7±11.3 ,m (0.6,53.1 ,m); natural tooth/natural tooth: 14.3±10.6 ,m (0.5,68.2 ,m)]. The intraindividual differences only amounted to a mean value of 2.4±9.4 ,m (,15.1 to 27.5 ,m). The result of our statistical calculations showed that the active tactile sensibility of single-tooth implants, both in the anterior and posterior region of the mouth, in combination with a natural opposing tooth is similar to that of pairs of opposing natural teeth (double t -test, equivalence margin: ±8 ,m, P<0.001, power >80%). Hence, the implants could be integrated in the stomatognathic control circuit. [source] Tooth loss and associated factors in long-term institutionalised elderly patientsGERODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Paul Tramini Objective:, To compare partial and total tooth loss in dependent institutionalised elderly patients and identify any associated factors. Background:, A poor oral health status, together with a reduction of autonomy can seriously affect the general health and increase the risk of death in elderly people. Those with total tooth loss and in need of assistance are the most at risk. Materials and methods:, In 2004, a cross-sectional study of 321 elderly patients was conducted in long-term hospital services provided in Montpellier, France. Socio-demographic, behavioural, medical and oral health information was recorded for each patient. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to test the relationship between those covariates and partial or total tooth loss. Pearson chi-squared tests were used for bivariate analyses. Results:, The proportion of edentulousness was 26.9%; among these12.6% had no dentures. The factors significantly associated with edentulism were: an age ,older than 87 years' [odds ratio (OR) = 9.4], the presence of a nephropathy (OR = 6.8), and inadequate oral hygiene (OR = 0.1). The factors most significantly associated with partial tooth loss (at least 21 missing teeth) were ,cancerous disease' (OR = 9.9), the presence of a nephropathy (OR = 5.6) and the presence of a neurological disease (OR = 4.1). The factors significantly related to dentate status (20 or more natural teeth retained) were ,hypertension treatment' (OR = 2.4), and ,cortisone treatment' (OR = 0.2). Conclusion:, General health problems as well as a poor oral condition were significant risk indicators for tooth loss among the long-term institutionalised elderly. This suggests that the number of remaining teeth has a strong effect on oral health-related quality of life. [source] Oral health conditions of community-dwelling cognitively intact elderly persons with disabilitiesGERODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Ralph Saunders Objectives:, To present descriptive information on oral health and health care of community-dwelling elderly persons with disabilities who are living at home. Background:, Most previous studies have focused on specific subpopulations, namely, persons who are essentially healthy and independent, are homebound, or are nursing home residents. Little information appears to be available on community-residing elderly persons with disabilities. Materials and methods:, A total of 641 participants aged 65 years and over in a Medicare Demonstration who were cognitively intact, completed an oral health questionnaire within 1 year of Demonstration entry. Demonstration participants were required to be living in the community, need or receive help with 2+ activities of daily living (ADLs) or 3+ instrumental ADLs (IADLs), and have recently experienced significant health services utilisation. Results:, Subject mean age was 79.1 years, 73.8% were female, and 4% were minority. They were dependent in a mean of 1.8 ADLs and 2.9 IADLs. 43.1% reported that they had no natural teeth, 77.4% had dentures, 58.8% frequently felt their mouth was dry, 5.2% had jaw pain now and 6.1% had at some time experienced burning sensations in their mouth or tongue. 40.4% reported that they were currently in need of dental treatment, although 56.2% indicated they now had a dentist, and 42.1% identified having a dental visit within the past 12 months. 19.7% indicated some dental insurance coverage. Conclusion:, This is one of the first studies to focus on community-dwelling elderly people with disabilities. Substantial oral health morbidity was reported. [source] Dental status and dental caries in 85-year-old DanesGERODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2007Lene Vilstrup Objectives:, This study reports findings on the dental status and the prevalence of dental caries among a group of 85-year-old Danes from the Glostrup 1914 Cohort, Denmark. The purpose of the study was to analyse whether caries experience was related to number of teeth and to indicators of functional ability and cognitive function. Methods:, A total of 191 individuals (78 men and 113 women) participated in a cross-sectional population study conducted in 2000. Using mobile dental equipment, a clinical oral examination and an interview were administered to all participants in their homes. Functional ability was measured by the Mob-H scale and cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results:, Fifty-nine per cent of the participants had their own natural teeth and for the dentate participants, the mean number of teeth was 13 (range 1,27). A high prevalence of active caries on coronal and root surfaces was observed. Older adults with few natural teeth had a higher prevalence of active coronal and root caries and a higher unmet treatment need than older adults with many teeth. Further, the study showed that 85-year-old persons with reduced functional ability and cognitive impairment tended to have more active caries than 85-year-olds with no impairment. Conclusions:, A substantial proportion of 85-year-old individuals had retained a natural dentition; however, active dental caries is a problem of concern among the most elderly. [source] Bronchopneumonia and oral health in hospitalized older patients.GERODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2002A pilot study Abstract Aims: To correlate microbial findings obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage in pneumonia patients with the clinical situation of the oral cavity. Method: Quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures were carried out in 150 ml samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained by means of an endoscope (Video Endoscope Pentax®) inserted per as in the infected bronchus. Material: Twenty consecutive patients with a tentative clinical diagnosis of bronchopneumonia in whom BAL was carried out for diagnostic purposes. A clinical evaluation of the oral health status (oral hygiene, caries, periodontal diseases) was subsequently carried out. Results: In seven edentulous subjects wearing complete dentures the culture of anaerobic microorganisms was negative or yielding less than 100 cfu/ml BAL. Two patients yielded high counts of S. aureus and one high counts of P. aeruginosa. In the 13 subjects with natural teeth left one showed high counts of Veillonella spp. (anaerobic)+P. aeruginosa, one high counts of Veillonella spp. +S. aureus, one high counts of P. aeruginosa + S. aureus and one high counts of E. coli. These four subjects showed poor oral hygiene, periodontal pockets and a BAL microflora consistent with periodontal pathology. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study suggest that microorganisms of denture plaque or associated with periodontal diseases may give rise to aspiration pneumonia in susceptible individuals. [source] Periodontal conditions in patients with coronary heart disease: a case,control studyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Carin Starkhammar Johansson Abstract Aim: This study examined periodontal conditions in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and subjects with no history of CHD. Material and Methods: Participants were 161 patients (40,75) with severe angina pectoris (diagnosed as CHD by coronary angiography) who subsequently underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and 162 control subjects with no history of CHD. Periodontal status was recorded. Bone loss was determined on radiographs. Periodontal disease experience was classified into five groups according to Hugoson & Jordan. Results: Periodontal disease experience groups 4 and 5 were more common in the CHD group (25%) compared with the control group (8%). The mean bone level (the distance from the CEJ to the most coronal level of the alveolar bone) was 3.0±1.0 mm in CHD subjects and 2.6±0.8 mm in controls. CHD patients had significantly lower numbers of natural teeth, higher numbers of periodontal pockets 4,6-mm and higher bleeding on probing (%). In a stepwise regression analysis, the factor periodontal disease experience groups 4+5 gave an odds ratio of 5.74 (2.07,15.90) for having CHD after controlling for smoking and age. Conclusion: Severe periodontal disease expressed by several clinical and radiographic parameters was more prevalent among subjects with CHD than among controls. Analysis, the factor periodontal disease experience groups 4+5 gave an odds ratio of 5.74 (2.07,15.90) for having CHD after controlling for smoking and age. [source] Alcohol consumption and periodontal diseaseJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 7 2004Nutrition Examination Survey, The Third National Health Abstract Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of alcohol consumption on the severity of periodontal disease. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study employed 13,198 subjects of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) aged 20 and older who have at least six natural teeth. Alcohol intake was represented both as a continuous variable and dichotomized using 5, 10, 15, and 20 drinks/week as cut-points. Periodontal disease was represented by clinical attachment loss (CAL) and was assessed both as a continuous variable and dichotomized as <1.5 mm and 1.5 mm. Independent effect of alcohol on CAL was assessed by weighted multiple linear and logistic regression analyses adjusting simultaneously for the effects of age, gender, race, education, income, smoking, diet, diabetes, gingival bleeding, number of remaining teeth. Results: There was a significant linear relationship between number of drinks per week and log CAL (p=0.0001). Odds ratios for the risk of attachment loss using 5, 10, 15, and 20 drinks/week as cut-points were 1.22 [1.02,1.47], 1.39 [1.13,1.71], 1.54 [1.22,1.93], and 1.67 [1.25,2.23], respectively. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption may be associated with increased severity of CAL in a dose-dependent fashion. Prospective studies and studies of mechanism are needed to confirm the role of alcohol as a risk factor for periodontal disease. [source] IMMEDIATE LOADING OF IMPLANTS IN THE ESTHETIC ZONEJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 5 2005Saj Jivraj DDS The predictability of dental implants using the traditional Branemark protocol has been well documented. Since its inception, this protocol has been progressively challenged to decrease treatment time, minimize the number of surgical procedures, and maximize esthetic outcomes. Today, in specific clinical situations, implants may be placed and immediately loaded with provisional restorations. Immediate loading in the edentulous mandible has been well documented. There are also good data to show that immediate loading of the edentulous maxilla is also feasible if bone quality is suitable. The focus now has shifted toward immediate loading of implants placed in the esthetic zone. Clinicians have recognized that the challenge of providing anterior tooth replacements is in preserving the hard and soft tissue components that exist around natural teeth. The advantages of immediate restoration are obvious; however, the application of immediate or early load may pose an increased risk of implant failure in single-tooth situations. The prerequisites for achieving and maintaining acceptable results are not fully known. This review examines some of the literature concerning the reliability of early or immediate loading of implants placed in the esthetic zone. [source] Selecting Nanotechnology-Based Composites Using Colorimetric and Visual Analysis for the Restoration of Anterior Dentition: A Case ReportJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2004FRANK J. MILNAR DDS ABSTRACT Currently it is possible to use direct composites and layering techniques to replicate the complex internal structures, visible shape, color, and surface anatomy of natural teeth. To do so, however, requires dentists to understand the principles of nature and the science of dental materials to determine the most suitable restorative material for a specific indication. By incorporating relatively new technologies,colorimetric analysis, which provides computerized shade guide definitions of a tooth and essential information to verify shade mapping, and a new nanotechnology-based direct composite,into composite layering techniques, dentists can more predictably replicate the esthetics of natural teeth. This article presents a case in which both technologies, used in combination with a composite layering technique, contributed to the esthetic and functional restoration of the maxillary central incisors. [source] The ZiReal Post: A New Ceramic Implant AbutmentJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2003URS BRODBECK DMD ABSTRACT Restorations in the anterior esthetic zone present significant challenges in both the surgical and prosthetic phases of implant dentistry. Titanium has been established as the material of choice for endosseous implants, resulting in a high degree of predictability. Many types of implants require transmucosal abutments to retain implant restorations. Ceramics may be the ideal material to replace natural teeth, but most transmucosal abutments are made of titanium. However, ceramics may also be used as abutments in implant restorations. This combination of ceramics for abutment and crown provides better translucency for the implant restoration than is available with metal abutments and porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns. Ceramic abutments and implant restorations also minimize the gray color associated with metal components that is transmitted through the peri-implant tissues. Customized emergence profiles also may be obtained with ceramic abutments; this generally improves the predictability and consistency of the esthetics obtainable in implant restorations. Zirconia as a ceramic material offers not only outstanding material properties but also a well-documented biocompatibility. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This article discusses the clinical and laboratory features of a new ceramic abutment, ZiRealÔ Post (Implant Innovations, Inc., Palm Beach Gardens, Florida). [source] Fabrication of Direct Fiber-Reinforced Posts: A Structural Design ConceptJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2001DOUGLAS A. TERRY DDS ABSTRACT As the clinician continues the quest for optimal functional and esthetic success of a tooth-restorative complex, the current selection of restorative materials and techniques may prove overwhelming. Although no single system provides the ideal restorative solution for every clinical circumstance, understanding of general design criteria and the components for the various post and core systems available allow the clinician to appropriately select the method and materials compatible with the existing tooth structure and desired result. This article provides a discussion of the various post and core systems, the methods and materials inherent in these systems, and general design principles. Using that basic information and clinical experience, the authors offer an alternative procedure for the rehabilitation of the intraradicular anatomy of the post-endodontic channel with a direct composite resin,the fiber-reinforced post and core system. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Using improved restorative materials that simulate the physical properties and other characteristics of natural teeth in combination with the proper design principles, the clinician can develop a tooth-restorative complex with optimal functional and esthetic results. [source] Anterior Esthetic Rehabilitation on Teeth and Dental Implants Optimized with Procera® Technology: A Case ReportJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2001PASCAL BONNARD DDS ABSTRACT With the latest developments of the Procera® system, all-ceramic crowns have become an attractive solution to provide functional and esthetic rehabilitation on teeth and dental implants. The Procera AllCeram crown and Procera Abutment embrace the concept of computer-assisted design and computer-assisted machining (CAD/CAM) and can be used together for optimal esthetic result. The purpose of this case report was to illustrate the advantages of these new components for complex anterior rehabilitation. Three natural teeth and a Procera Abutment were restored using four Procera AllCeram crowns. Treatment planning and esthetic benefits are discussed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE For complex anterior rehabilitations, the Procera system fulfills both functional and esthetic objectives, providing a new way in the field of esthetic and restorative dentistry. Nevertheless, planning and preparation stages are decisive for successful treatment. [source] A study of labial groove-textures of upper central incisors by Shadow Moiré technologyJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 7 2010R. ZHANG Summary, The labial groove-textures of upper central incisors were defined and explored to imitate the elaborate groove-textures for aesthetic restorations. In the current study, 158 upper central incisors were selected from 79 volunteers aged from 19 to 24 and recruited from Sichuan University in Chengdu of China. The length, width, depth, combination and distribution of the horizontal and vertical grooves on the labial surface were investigated by an optical measurement method, based on the Shadow Moiré technology and Temporal Fourier analysis. Vertical grooves were confirmed to be present in 94% of the samples and horizontal grooves in 77%. Perfect symmetry was shown in the vertical grooves of the same tooth, as well as in the homonymous teeth. The majority of horizontal grooves were distributed in the proximity of the cervical fourth and the middle of the crown. Based on the combination and distribution of the grooves, eight basic labial groove-texture types of maxillary central incisors were classified. The subtle morphological characters of natural teeth could be recorded by the new method, and it could also provide the minute groove-texture for dentists and technicians to achieve an aesthetic appearance for a restoration. [source] Functional status of masticatory system, executive function and episodic memory in older personsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 5 2008E. SCHERDER Summary, Findings from human experimental studies suggest that mastication positively influences cognitive function. The participants in those studies were relatively young. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between the functional status of the masticatory system, episodic memory, and executive functions in elderly people. The participants, elderly people living independently at home, were divided into two groups. One group had a full complement of natural teeth (n = 19) and the other group had full dentures (n = 19). The functional status of the masticatory system was assessed by measuring mandibular excursions (i.e. the distances over which the mandible can move in the open, lateral, and forward directions), bite force, number of occluding pairs and complaints of the masticatory system (facial pain, headaches/migraine). Executive functions and episodic memory were assessed by neuropsychological tests. Backward regression analysis showed that only in the group of elderly people with full dentures, 22% of executive functions were predicted by complaints of the masticatory system and 19·4% of episodic memory was predicted by masticatory performance (composed of mandibular excursions and bite force). The conclusion of this study is that only in older persons with full dentures the relationship between mastication, episodic memory, and executive function becomes evident when the functional status of the masticatory system decreases. [source] Masticatory ability and functional tooth units in Japanese adultsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 5 2008M. UENO Summary, The purposes of this study were (i) to examine the relationship between the number of natural teeth and the number of functional tooth units in Japanese adults, (ii) to evaluate how functional tooth units relate to subjective masticatory ability and (iii) to determine the minimum number of natural teeth and functional tooth units needed to maintain adequate self-assessed chewing function. A self-administered questionnaire was given and dental examination was conducted for 2164 residents aged 40 to 75 years. Counts were made on the number of functional tooth units of natural teeth (n-functional tooth units), the sum of natural teeth and artificial teeth on implant-supported and fixed prostheses (nif-functional tooth units) and the sum of natural teeth and artificial teeth on implant-supported, fixed and removable prostheses (total-functional tooth units). The average number of natural teeth, n-functional tooth units and nif-functional tooth units decreased with age, but these were often replaced by functional tooth units from artificial teeth on removable prostheses. Total-functional tooth units in 50,59 year old people were slightly lower compared with those in other age groups. Subjects who reported that they could chew every food item on an average had 23·4 total natural teeth, 12·6 posterior natural teeth, 7·6 n-functional tooth units, 8·6 nif-functional tooth units and 10·4 total-functional tooth units, and subjects without chewing difficulties had fewer functional tooth units from removable prostheses. Maintaining 20 and more natural teeth and at least eight nif-functional tooth units is important in reducing the likelihood of self-assessed chewing difficulties. [source] The influence of age and dental status on elevator and depressor muscle activityJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 2 2006I. Z. ALAJBEG summary, The objective of this study was to determine whether the muscle activity at various mandibular positions is affected by age and dental status. Thirty edentulous subjects (E), 20 young dentate individuals (G1) and 20 older dentate individuals (G2) participated in this study. Surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings were obtained from the anterior temporal (T), masseter (M) and depressor muscles (D). Muscle activity was recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), maximal opening (Omax) and in six different mandibular positions. One way anova and the Bonferroni tests were used to determine the differences between groups. Significant differences between the three tested groups were found at MVC and Omax for all examined muscles (P < 0·001). The differences in muscle activity in dentate subjects of different age were found in protrusion for depressor muscles (P < 0·05) and in lateral excursive positions for the working side temporal (P < 0·05) and non-working side masseter and depressor muscle (P < 0·05). There was a significant effect regarding the presence of natural teeth or complete dentures in protrusion and maximal protrusion for all muscles (P < 0·05) and in lateral excursive positions for non-working side temporal (P < 0·05) and working side masseter muscle (P < 0·05). Muscle activity at various mandibular positions depends greatly on the presence of the prosthetic appliance, as edentulous subjects had to use higher muscle activity levels (percentages of maximal EMG value) than age matched dentate subjects in order to perform same mandibular movement. Different elevator muscles were preferentially activated in the edentulous subjects when compared with dentate group in lateral excursive positions of the mandible. The pattern of relative muscle activity was not changed because of ageing. [source] Factors related to the resting tongue position among partially and completely edentulous subjectsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 6 2005E. KOTSIOMITI summary, The prevalence of abnormal (retracted) position of the tongue at rest was examined in subjects with varying number of natural lower teeth. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between tongue retraction and state of dentition and to identify potentially related parameters. The resting tongue positions were recorded in subjects partially edentulous in the lower jaw (n = 164) and compared with those met in dentate (n = 57) and completely edentulous participants (n = 84). Potentially related parameters, such as age, sex, duration of edentulism, palate vault and signs of temporomandibular disorders were also recorded. Tongue retraction was observed in a small percentage (12·3%) of the dentate, almost half (45·7%) of the partially edentulous and in the majority (67·8%) of the completely edentulous participants. The number of natural lower teeth correlated with the resting tongue position in the partially edentulous group. The tongue position at rest was also found weakly related to signs of temporomandibular disorders in the dentate group and to the sex and duration of edentulism in the partially edentulous group. It was concluded that the abnormal positioning of the resting tongue is increasingly observed with decreasing number of natural teeth, possibly in accordance with the morphological and functional alterations that result from teeth loss. The presence of a retracted tongue affects the complete denture construction; however, its effect on denture function remains questionable. [source] Effect of magnetic attachment with stress breaker on lateral stress to abutment tooth under overdenture,JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 10 2004T. Gonda summary, Recently, a newly developed magnetic attachment with stress breaker was used in retentive components in overdentures. Excessive lateral stress has a more harmful effect on natural teeth than axial stress, and the magnetic attachment with stress breaker is expected to reduce lateral forces on abutment teeth and protect it teeth from excessive stress. However, the properties of this retainer have not yet been determined experimentally. This study compares the lateral forces on abutment teeth for three retainers under loading on the denture base in a model study. A mandibular simulation model is constructed to measure lateral stress. Three types of retentive devices are attached to the canine root. These devices include the conventional root coping, the conventional magnetic attachment and the new magnetic attachment with stress breaker. For each retentive device, load is generated on the occlusal table of the model overdenture, and the lateral stress on the canine root and the displacement of the overdenture measured. The magnetic attachment with stress breaker does not displace the denture and exhibits lower lateral stress in the canine root than conventional root coping and magnetic attachments. [source] Influence of working side contacts on masticatory function for mandibular distal extension removable partial denturesJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 3 2003S. Sueda summary The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of working side contacts for masticatory function for a distal extension removable partial denture. Five subjects who had edentulous arches from second premolar to second molar opposing natural teeth participated. Working side contacts were altered by using three types of artificial teeth attached to the denture base. A-form teeth made contact with opposite teeth while acting as the working side in a lateral excursion. The cusp angles of B- and C-form teeth were decreased by 10° and 20°, respectively compared with A-form teeth. B-and C-form teeth discluded with opposite teeth on the working side. Subjects were asked to perform two kinds of masticatory performance test. Obtained data were evaluated by the repeated-measures anova and the Tukey test for multiple comparisons. Results revealed that there was a significant difference (P=0·001) in the three types of teeth in the mixing ability test and the value of A-form teeth was statistically less value than those of the other teeth. However, there was no significant difference in the comminuting ability test. These results suggested that working side contacts between artificial teeth and opposite natural teeth influenced mixing ability, but not comminuting ability. [source] In vitro evaluation of the effect of a current bleaching agent on the electrochemical corrosion of dental alloysJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 10 2002enay Canay summary, The nightguard bleaching of discoloured teeth is currently performed by using % 10 carbamide peroxide. While the material is effective on the bleaching of natural teeth, it may deteriorate crowns, bridges and amalgam restorations placed in the mouth. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 10% carbamide peroxide on the electrochemical corrosion of various dental casting alloys used for fixed partial dentures and dental amalgam. Tafel extrapolation curves were obtained by the corrosion cell that facilitated simulation of the oral enviroment and comparison of the corrosion rates of alloys and amalgam was accomplished. The results revealed that unpolished amalgam and nickel-chromium alloy samples had the most and noble alloys had the least corrosion rate. [source] Patient evaluation of treatment with fixed implant- supported partial denturesJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2001S.-W. Yi The aim of this study was to analyse the patient evaluation of functional treatment outcome in 40 periodontally compromised patients who received implant-supported prostheses (ISPs) as part of the total treatment. The treatment protocol comprised periodontal treatment, extraction of teeth with poor prognosis, placement of dental titanium implants, and after healing, insertion of fixed ISPs. Five of the patients became edentulous in one jaw after extraction of all teeth and received a complete ISP, whereas 35 patients became partially edentulous after extraction of some teeth, 12 receiving a partial ISP on , 3 implants, and 23 one on two implants. The follow-up period was on average 1,8 years after the connection of the prostheses, which provided the patients a dentition with a mean of 12 occluding dental units. The first author (S.-W. Yi) performed all implant treatment. Patients' opinions on oral functions , mastication, phonetics, oral hygiene, chewing comfort and aesthetics , were evaluated by means of a questionnaire both before implant installation and at the last follow-up. A control group of 30 subjects with a healthy dentition of 14 occluding natural pairs of teeth answered the same questionnaire on one occasion. A great majority of the patients were extremely satisfied with the oral function after treatment and experienced the ISPs as ,natural teeth'. There was no significant difference between the three treatment groups and the control group for mastication, phonetics, chewing comfort and aesthetics. Patients with ISPs reported a small but significantly greater difficulty with oral hygiene procedures than the controls with natural teeth. Most patients said that they would undergo the treatment again, if necessary, and recommend it to others. It was concluded that the rehabilitation of the periodontally compromised patients, including ISPs on osseointegrated dental titanium implants, resulted in subjectively improved and satisfactory oral function. [source] Corrosion of Dental Magnet Attachments for Removable Prostheses on Teeth and ImplantsJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 4 2009Arne F. Boeckler DMD, Dr Med Dent Abstract Purpose: For a long time, the use of magnets for the anchorage of dental prostheses failed due to lack of biocompatibility and the magnets' high susceptibility to corrosion in the mouth. These facts make encapsulation of the magnetic alloy with a corrosion-resistant, tight, and functionally firm sealing necessary. Due to different products and analysis methods, it is not feasible to compare the findings for contemporary products with the sparse and rather old test results in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was the standardized control and the comparison of the corrosion behavior of modern magnetic attachments for use on teeth and dental implants. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven components of magnetic attachments on implants and natural teeth from different alloys (NdFeB, SmCo, Ti, CrMoMnTiFe, etc.) as delivered by the manufacturers or fabricated according to their instructions were examined for their corrosion behavior using the statical immersion analysis (ISO 10271:2001). Four specimens of every product with the same design were used. An uncased SmCo magnet served as control. Analyses after 1, 4, 7, and 28 days of the storage in corrosion solution were made. The eluate was examined quantitatively on the alloy components of the respective component with the help of optical emission spectrometry (,g/cm2). The results were compared to the requirements of ISO standard 22674:2006. In addition, existing corrosion products were also defined in the solution after 28 days. The results were analyzed descriptively and statistically to determine possible significant differences (t -test and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon rank-sums test; p < 0.05). Results: Dissolved metal ions could be found on all tested products. The release after 1 and 4 days was different for all specimens. In the group of implant abutments, the highest ion release after 7 days was found (all measurements ,g/cm2): Fe (13.94, Magfit-IP-IDN dome type), Pd (1.53, Medical-anchor), Cr (1.32, Magfit-IP-IDN dome type), Ti (1.09, Magfit-IP-IDN abutment), Co (0.81, Medical-anchor), and B (0.6, Magfit-IP-IDN dome type). After 28 days, the analyzed ion release increased irregularly: Fe (173.58, Magfit-IP-IDN dome type), Pd (44.17, Medical-anchor), Cr (2.02, Magfit-IP-IDN dome type), Ti (2.11, Magfit-IP-IDN abutment), Co (26.13, Medical-anchor), B (1.77, Magfit-IP-IDN dome type), and Nd (79.18, Magfit-IP-IDN dome type). In the group of magnetic systems on natural teeth, the highest ion release after 7 days was found for Fe (4.81, Magfit DX 800 keeper), Cr (1.18, Magfit DX 800 keeper), Pd (0.21, Direct System Keeper), Ni (0.18, WR-Magnet S3 small), Co (0.12, Direct System Keeper), and Ti (0.09, Magna Cap , Mini). After 28 days, the analyzed ion release increased non-uniformly: Fe (31.92, Magfit DX 800 Keeper), Cr (6.65, Magfit DX 800 Keeper), Pd (18.19, Direct System Keeper), Ni (0.61, WR-Magnet S3 small), Co (10.94, Direct System Keeper), Ti (0.83, Magna Cap , Mini), and Pd (2.78, EFM Alloy). In contrast, the uncased control magnet showed an exponential release after 7 days of Sm ions (55.06) and Co-ions (86.83), after 28 days of Sm ions (603.91) and Co ions (950.56). The release of corrosion products of all tested products stayed significantly under the limit of 200 ,g/cm2 (ISO 22674:2006). In contrast, the non-encapsulated control magnet exceeded that limit significantly. Conclusion: The analysis of the corrosion behavior of modern magnetic attachments for use on teeth and dental implants according to ISO 10271:2001 showed that metal ions had dissolved on all specimens. In the case of one product, the magnet corroded. For this product, an improvement of the capsulation would be desirable. None of the products reached the limit specified in ISO 22674:2006. All products seem to be suitable for dental application. Further studies in regard to the specific biocompatibility and possible cytotoxic effects on mucosa and tissue would be desirable. [source] Biofilms in the Edentulous Oral CavityJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 5 2008Amit Sachdeo BDS, DMSc Abstract Purpose: The oral cavity presents numerous surfaces for microbial colonization. These surfaces produce biofilms of differing complexities unique to each individual. Several studies have looked at biofilms in dentate patients. There has been limited research regarding biofilms on dentures or soft tissues of edentulous patients. The purpose of the present investigation was to provide meaningful data describing microbial ecological relationships in the oral cavity of edentulous patients and to evaluate the microbiota on hard and soft tissue surfaces and saliva in edentulous patients wearing complete dentures. Materials and Methods: Sixty-one edentulous subjects with complete maxillary and mandibular dentures were recruited. "Supragingival" biofilm samples were taken from 28 denture teeth for each subject. Biofilm samples were also taken from the dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces of the tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, hard palate, vestibule/lip, "attached gingiva," and saliva. Samples were individually analyzed for their content of 41 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization. Levels and proportions of each species were determined for every sample location. Results: Periodontal pathogens such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were clearly present in the samples from the edentulous subjects. Microbial profiles in samples from the soft tissue surfaces differed among site locations. Samples from the dorsum of the tongue exhibited the highest bacterial counts followed by the "attached gingiva" and the lateral surfaces of the tongue, while the lowest mean counts were found in samples from the buccal mucosa and labial vestibules. Using cluster analysis of the proportions of the test species, three clusters were formed. The first cluster comprised saliva, supragingival plaque, and the lateral and dorsal surfaces of the tongue. The second cluster comprised the other six soft tissue surfaces. Species on the denture palate formed a third cluster. Conclusions: One of the major findings in this study was the detection of periodontal pathogens, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, in the edentulous subjects, as these species were thought to disappear after removal of all natural teeth. This finding has implications regarding future dental treatment and the general health of individuals. Distinct patterns of microbial colonization were seen on the different soft tissue surfaces. Thus, this investigation provided the first step in defining the organisms that are associated with edentulous patients on both soft (mucosa) and hard surfaces (denture). The study also provided meaningful data that described microbial ecological relationships in the oral cavity of edentulous subjects. The authors believe that this study is the first comprehensive assessment of the microbiota in the complete denture-wearing subject. [source] The Effect of Functional Dentition on Healthy Eating Index Scores and Nutrient Intakes in a Nationally Representative Sample of Older AdultsJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2009R. Bethene Ervin PhD Abstract Objective: The objectives of this study were to examine the associations between functional dentition and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores and nutrient intakes among older adults in the United States. Methods: The sample consisted of 2,560 adults, 60 years and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. We used multivariate linear regression to examine associations between functional dentition and HEI scores or nutrient intakes controlling for the potential confounding effects of age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), self-reported health, and caloric intake. Dentate status was classified as: edentulous (no natural permanent teeth or implants), 1-20 teeth, or,21 teeth. A functional dentition was defined as having 21 or more teeth present. HEI scores and nutrient intakes were based on one 24-hour dietary recall. Results: Males with a functional dentition consumed slightly more fruit and had higher alpha- and beta-carotene intakes than edentulous males. Females with any natural teeth had higher vitamin C intakes than edentulous females. There were no significant associations between dentate status and any of the remaining HEI scores or nutrient intakes for either sex. Conclusions: Having a functional dentition did not contribute substantially to higher HEI scores or nutrient intakes in this nationally representative sample of older adults. However, older men and women with no teeth or those who wear dentures consumed fewer servings of fruits and vegetables, especially those rich in carotenes and vitamin C, than those with teeth. [source] Changing Dentate Status of Adults, Use of Dental Health Services, and Achievement of National Dental Health Goals in Denmark by the Year 2000JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2004DrOdontSci, MSc (Sociology);, Poul Erik Petersen DDS ABSTRACT Objectives: This study analyzes the current profile of dentate status and use of dental health services among adults in Denmark at the turn of the millennium, assesses the impact on dentate status of sociodemographic factors and use of dental health services in adulthood and in childhood, and highlights the changes over time in dental health conditions among adults. Finally, the intention of the study was to evaluate the Danish dental health care system's level of achievement of the official goals for the year 2000 as formulated by the World Health Organization and the National Board of Health. The subjects of this study included a national representative sample of 16,690 Danish citizens aged 16 years and older (response rate=74.2%). A subsample (n=3,818) took part in a survey of dental care habits in childhood and prevalence of removable dentures; 66 percent of persons selected responded. Methods: Personal interviews were used to collect information on dentate status, use of dental health services and living conditions; data on dental care habits in childhood and prevalence of removable dentures were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Results: In all, 8 percent of interviewed persons were edentulous, while 80 percent had 20 or more natural teeth. At age 65,74 years, 27 percent were edentulous and 40 percent had 20 teeth or more; 58 percent wore removable dentures. Dentate status and prevalence of dentures were highly related to educational background and income, particularly for older age groups. Among persons interviewed, 80 percent paid regular dental visits and visits were most frequent among persons of high education and income. At age 35,44 years 95 percent had participated in regular dental care in childhood compared to 49 percent of 65,74-year-olds. Multivariate analyses revealed that sociobehavioral factors had significant effects on dentate status. Conclusions: Compared to similar studies carried out in 1987 and 1994, the present survey indicates a positive trend of improved dentate status in adult Danes in general and regular use of dental health services increased considerably over time. The WHO goals for better dental health by the year 2000 were achieved for 35,44-year-olds, whereas the goal of more people with functional dentitions at age 65 years or older was not achieved. It remains a challenge to the Danish dental health system to help even out the social inequalities in dental health. [source] Demonstrating Successful Aging Using the International Collaborative Study for Oral Health OutcomesJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2000Kathryn A. Atchison DDS Abstract As the lifespan increases and people are faced with 15 to 20 years of "old age," we ask what one considers successful aging with respect to oral health. We propose a comprehensive combination of outcome variables, maintenance of teeth, manageable periodontal condition, positive perceived oral health, satisfaction with their access to and receipt of dental services, and minimal functional problems, that together comprise a definition of successful aging. The International Collaborative Study for Oral Health Outcomes provides a data set for exploring the oral health of a diverse sample of older adults in US and international sites using the modified Andersen Behavioral Model. The percent of adults who report no natural teeth ranged from 16 percent in San Antonio to 59 percent in New Zealand. Seventy percent or more of the adults from each site rated their oral health as good/fair or better except in Poland. The current cohort of older adults is faring better on some indicators than others; nevertheless, ethnic minorities and poorer countries still demonstrate inequities. Dentistry must attempt to educate individuals early in their lifespan that a combination of personal oral health practices and current dental techniques offers the potential for successful oral health throughout one's lifetime. [source] Periodontitis lesions are the main source of salivary cytomegalovirusMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009ahin Background:, Herpesviruses play causal or cooperative roles in childhood infections, tumorigenesis, ulcerogenesis, and periodontitis. Saliva is a common vehicle of herpesvirus horizontal transmission, but the source of salivary herpesviruses remains obscure. To evaluate the significance of periodontal disease in shedding of oral herpesviruses, this study determined the genome-copy counts of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) in whole saliva of subjects with periodontitis, gingivitis, or no natural teeth. Methods:, Whole saliva was collected from 14 periodontitis patients, 15 gingivitis patients and 13 complete denture wearers. The study subjects were systemically healthy and had not received periodontal treatment in the past 3 months. Real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the salivary load of HCMV and EBV. Results:, Salivary HCMV was detected in seven (50%) periodontitis patients, but not in any gingivitis or edentulous subjects (P < 0.001). Salivary EBV was detected in 11 (79%) periodontitis patients, in five (33%) gingivitis patients, and in seven (54%) edentulous subjects (P = 0.076). Salivary samples showed copy counts of HCMV in the range of 3.3 × 103,4.2 × 104/ml and of EBV in the range of 3.6 × 102,1.6 × 109/ml. Conclusions:, HCMV and EBV are commonly present in the saliva of periodontitis patients. Periodontitis lesions of systemically healthy subjects seem to constitute the main origin of salivary HCMV, but do not comprise the sole source of salivary EBV. [source] Oral health of Adelaide nursing home residents: longitudinal studyAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, Issue 2 2004JM Chalmers Objective: The Adelaide Dental Study of Nursing Homes aimed to quantify oral disease experience, incidence and increments in Adelaide nursing home residents. Methods: Questionnaires and dental inspections were completed at baseline and at 1-year for residents from randomly selected Adelaide nursing homes. Results: The residents were very functionally dependent, cognitively impaired and behaviourally difficult older adults with complex oral problems and dental treatment needs. The prevalence of edentulism (total tooth loss) (63%) decreased and more residents were retaining natural teeth. Existing residents had a mean of 10.8 teeth present and new residents had a mean of 12.7 teeth present. Residents' previous experiences of caries (decay) were high , existing residents had a mean of 1.2 decayed teeth and new residents had a mean of 0.8 decayed teeth. Residents' caries increments (new decay) over the 1-year period were high (coronal = 2.5 surfaces; root = 1.0 surfaces), especially in those who had lost weight and who could eat fewer food types. These levels of caries were many times greater than had been reported for community-dwelling older adults. Large accumulations of plaque, calculus and debris (food) were evident on residents' natural teeth and dentures, especially those with dementia. Up to 25% of residents owned dentures that were not worn. Residents with dementia gave their carers complex and challenging oral hygiene care problems. Existing and new residents had similar general health and oral health characteristics, with the exceptions that new residents had significantly more filled tooth surfaces, and fewer decayed retained roots. Conclusion: New residents were being admitted to the nursing homes with a compromised oral health status or developed severe oral diseases and conditions within several months of their admittance. Residents' oral diseases, especially coronal and root caries, rapidly progressed during their stay in residential care. [source] Location of main occluding areas and masticatory ability in patients with reduced occlusal supportAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010Y Nakatsuka Abstract Background:, The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in location of the main occluding area with reduction of occlusal support and to evaluate the subsequent impairment in masticatory ability. Methods:, One hundred and two patients were recruited according to the Eichner's index, which is based on the number of occlusal support zones. Each subject was instructed to clench a piece of temporary stopping in the particular occluding area that was preferably used during mastication. The main occluding area was judged by locating the tooth on which the temporary stopping rested. Subjective masticatory ability was self-assessed by means of a questionnaire. Results:, Group classification depending upon the location of the main occluding area was significantly associated with the category of the Eichner's index. The level of masticatory ability was significantly associated with the category of the Eichner's index. Moreover, masticatory ability was significantly more impaired in subjects with main occluding areas at the premolar regions compared to those at the molar regions. Conclusions:, The location of the main occluding area may differ under the influence of the remaining natural teeth. The location of the main occluding area and the masticatory ability are likely to be closely related. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||