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Nationwide Sample (nationwide + sample)
Selected AbstractsDual Diagnosis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Relationship With Suicide Risk in a Nationwide Sample of French PrisonersALCOHOLISM, Issue 1 2009Michael Lukasiewicz Background:, Axis I psychiatric disorders (PD) and substance use disorders (SUD) are common in prison, but only few studies have focused on their association in this setting. Dual diagnosis (DD) (the co-occurrence of a SUD and any axis I disorder) is known to have a poorer prognosis and to require more intense supportive care. Objectives:, The objectives of this study were (1) to describe prisoners with DD (prevalence and characteristics); (2) to compare DD prisoners with 3 other groups of prisoners: no diagnosis (ND), SUD alone, or other isolated PD; and (3) to evaluate the impact of DD on suicide risk in prison. Method:, A random stratified strategy was used to select 23 various types of prisons and 998 prisoners. Diagnoses were assessed using a unique procedure, each prisoner being evaluated by 2 psychiatrists, 1 junior, using a structured interview (MINI 5 plus), and 1 senior, using an open clinical interview. Following interviews, clinicians met to establish a list of diagnoses. Cloninger's temperament and character inventory was also used. Results:, Of the prisoners, 26.3% had a DD. DD prevalence was almost 80% in prisoners with SUD, while only one-third of the prisoners with an axis I PD had co-morbid SUD. No significant differences were observed in drug use patterns between DD and SUD without co-morbid PDs. DD showed the strongest association with suicide risk [OR = 5.7 (1.7,4.6)]. Conclusion:, DD is very frequent in prison and is a major risk factor for suicide. Systematic psychiatric/SUD screening of prisoners with either a SUD or an axis I PD should be encouraged. [source] Differences in diagnostic subtypes among patients with late and early onset of a single depressive episodeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 12 2006Lars Vedel Kessing Abstract Objective It is unclear whether patients with late onset and patients with early onset present with different subtypes of depression. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of subtypes of ICD-10 single depressive episodes for patients with late onset (age >65 years) and patient with early onset (age,,,65 years) in a nationwide sample of all patients discharged from psychiatric in- or outpatient settings. Method All patients who got a diagnosis of a single depressive episode in a period from 1994,2002 at the end of the first outpatient treatment or at the first discharge from psychiatric hospitalisation ever in Denmark were identified in a nationwide register. Results In total, 18.192 patients were given a diagnosis of a single depressive episode at the first outpatient contact and 8.396 patients were given a diagnosis of a single depressive episode at the first psychiatric hospitalisation ever. Patients with late onset were more often women, more often presented with a severe depressive episode and more often with psychosis than patients with early onset, in both inpatient and outpatient treatment settings. No differences were found between patients with late and patients with early onset in the prevalence of depression with or without melancholic symptoms,in either of the treatment settings. Conclusions Patients with a late onset first depressive episode are more often women and are clinically characterised by more severe depressions and a higher prevalence of psychosis than patients with early onset. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Use of constraints and surveillance in Norwegian wards for the elderlyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 6 2003Øyvind Kirkevold Abstract Objective To describe the use of constraints and surveillance and their correlates in a nationwide sample of wards in institutions for the elderly in Norway. Methods Questionnaires were sent to 975 institutions and returned by 623 (64%) with 1398 wards. The wards' head nurses were asked whether any patient was currently subjected to physical restraints, electronic surveillance, force or pressure in medical examination or treatment, and force or pressure in ADL. The reporting of constraints was found reliable. Results In all, 79% of the head nurses reported daily or occasional use of constraints in their wards. Most frequently reported were force or pressure in the performing of activities of daily living (reported by 61%, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 59,64), use of force or pressure in medical treatment or examination (49%, 95% CI 47,53) and use of physical restraints (38%, 95% CI 36,41). Electronic surveillance was used less frequently (14%, 95% CI 13,16). All classes of constraints, except physical constraints, were used significantly more frequently in special care units for persons with dementia than in ordinary nursing home units. The methodology does not allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the role of ward size and person characteristics. The staffing was unrelated to the use of constraints which varied significantly across the counties. Conclusion Constraints are widely used in Norwegian institutions for the elderly. A different pattern in use of constraints was found between special care units for demented patients and ordinary units in nursing homes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Factors influencing treatment for depression among medical students: a nationwide sample in South KoreaMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 2 2009Myoung-Sun Roh Objectives, Depression is more frequently experienced and induces more severe consequences in medical students than in the general population. However, treatment rates for depression in medical students are still low. In this study, the authors investigated factors that affect treatment for depression and dispositions towards treating depression among South Korean medical students. Methods, A nationwide, cross-sectional survey was administered to medical students attending all 41 medical schools in South Korea (14 095 students). The questionnaire included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and asked for data on socio-demographic variables, history of diagnosis or treatment for depression, knowledge of mental health problems and disposition to use mental health care. Results, A total of 7357 students (52.2%) from 36 schools responded to the survey. Of these, 689 (9.4%) were identified as being depressed via a BDI score higher than 16. Of the depressed respondents, only 61 (8.9%) had been diagnosed with depression and 67 (9.7%) had been treated for depression. Age was significantly associated with treatment behaviour for depression. Correct knowledge about the aetiology of depression and psychiatric medicine was significantly related to students' disposition to use psychiatric services and to receive psychopharmacotherapy as an option to resolve depression. Conclusions, Accurate knowledge of depression and appropriate medication seems to be relevant to students seeking appropriate treatment for depression. The development of education programmes designed to improve medical students' knowledge of mental health problems and treatments would facilitate treatment seeking in medical students. [source] Politics of God or Politics of Man?POLITICAL STUDIES, Issue 3 2007Deprivation in Predicting Support for Political Violence in Israel, The Role of Religion This study examines the associations between religious affiliation and religiosity and support for political violence through a nationwide sample of Israeli Jews and Muslims. Based on structural equation modeling, the findings show that by and large Muslims are more supportive of political violence than Jews and more religious persons are less supportive of political violence. Deprivation, however, was found to mediate these relations, showing that the more deprived , whether Muslims or Jews, religious or non-religious persons , are more supportive of political violence. The explanatory strength of religion and deprivation combined in this manner was found to be stronger than any of these variables on their own. The findings cast doubt on negative stereotypes both of Islam and of religiosity as promoting political violence. They suggest that governments which want peace at home, in Israel as elsewhere, would do well to ensure that ethnic and religious differences are not translated into, and compounded by, wide socio-economic gaps. [source] Changes in the Usage of Enterprise Funds by Large City GovernmentsPUBLIC BUDGETING AND FINANCE, Issue 2 2000Beverly S. Bunch Using a nationwide sample of large cities, this article analyzes changes in the use of enterprise funds during the past decade. The major findings are that (1) the aggregate number of enterprise funds increased, with the largest increases occurring in solid waste and drainage; (2) part of the increase was offset by the elimination of some enterprise funds, particularly in the area of recreational services; (3) 60 percent of the cities experienced one or more changes in the types of enterprise funds they used; (4) the revenues associated with most types of enterprise funds have increased at a faster rate than general fund revenues; and (5) some cities are using alternative fiscal structures (e.g., special revenue funds and discrete component units) to account for services that are reported as enterprise funds in other cities. A continuum of fiscal structures is presented as a framework for addressing why cities might choose one structure over another and what the possible implications of a particular fiscal structure might be. [source] Correlates of fatigue in critical care nurses,,RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH, Issue 6 2003Jeanne S. Ruggiero Abstract The purposes of this study were to examine shift-related differences in chronic fatigue and the contributions of sleep quality, anxiety, and depression to chronic fatigue among a random nationwide sample (N,=,142) of female critical care nurses. Twenty-three percent of this sample met criteria for clinical depression. Day and night nurses did not differ in their reports of chronic fatigue. Night nurses reported more depression and poorer sleep quality than did day nurses. Regression analyses indicated that among the variables of global sleep quality, depression, and anxiety, depression and sleep quality were the most relevant to the explanation of chronic fatigue. These findings suggest the need for studies of strategies to promote sleep and improve mood in critical care nurses. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 26:434,444, 2003 [source] Decline in rheumatoid vasculitis prevalence among US veterans: A retrospective cross-sectional studyARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 9 2009Christie Bartels Objective To examine trends in the prevalence of rheumatoid vasculitis in a national US population comprising both hospitalized and ambulatory patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods In this serial cross-sectional study, we analyzed data on hospitalized and ambulatory patients spanning 22 years (1985,2006) and 10 years (1997,2006), respectively, to determine the prevalence of rheumatoid vasculitis, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. Our search encompassed data collected on a predominantly male study population during 10 million hospitalizations and outpatient visits, and included annual data on >37,000 RA patients. To test for a decrease in rheumatoid vasculitis prevalence, breakpoint analysis was performed using stepwise Chow and Durbin-Watson tests. Results There was a clear decline in the prevalence of rheumatoid vasculitis, and this decline remained evident even after accounting for a decreased number of hospitalizations among RA patients. Peak prevalence occurred among hospitalized patients in the 1980s, and prevalence gradually declined throughout the 1990s. Furthermore, simultaneous breakpoints representing a significant drop in rheumatoid vasculitis prevalence between the years 2000 and 2001 were demonstrated for both inpatients (P < 0.000) and outpatients (P < 0.003). The prevalence of vasculitis dropped 53% among inpatients and 31% among outpatients between 2000 and 2001. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a significant decline in rheumatoid vasculitis prevalence after 2000 in this nationwide sample of hospitalized and ambulatory patients. The clear, consistent drop in prevalence provides an opportunity for the formulation of causal hypotheses, including consideration of the impact of biologic agents used to treat RA, on rheumatoid vasculitis. [source] | ||||||||||