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Nationwide Population (nationwide + population)
Selected AbstractsTransfers in Planned Home Births Related to Midwife Availability and Continuity: A Nationwide Population-Based StudyBIRTH, Issue 1 2008Helena E. Lindgren RNM ABSTRACT: Background: Planning a home birth does not necessarily mean that the birth will take place successfully at home. The object of this study was to describe reasons and risk factors for transfer to hospital during or shortly after a planned home birth. Methods: A nationwide study including all women who had given birth at home in Sweden between January 1, 1992, and July 31, 2005. A total of 735 women had given birth to 1,038 children. One questionnaire for each planned home birth was sent to the women. Of the 1,038 questionnaires, 1,025 were returned. Reasons for transfer and obstetric, socioeconomic, and care-related risk factors for being transferred were measured using logistic regression. Results: Women were transferred in 12.5 percent of the planned home births. Transfers were more common among primiparas compared with multiparas (relative risk [RR] 2.5; 95% CI 1.8,3.5). Failure to progress and unavailability of the chosen midwife at the onset of labor were the reasons for 46 and 14 percent of transfers, respectively. For primiparas, the risk was four times greater if a midwife other than the one who carried out the prenatal checkups assisted at the birth (RR 4.4; 95% CI 2.1,9.5). A pregnancy exceeding 42 weeks increased the risk of transfer for both primiparas (RR 3.0; 95% CI 1.1,9.4) and multiparas (RR 3.4; 95% CI 1.3,9.0). Conclusions: The most common reasons for transfer to hospital during or shortly after delivery were failure to progress followed by the midwife's unavailability at the onset of labor. Primiparas whose midwife for checkups during pregnancy was different from the one who assisted at the home birth were at increased risk of being transferred. (BIRTH 35:1 March 2008) [source] Psychiatric disorder as a first manifestation of cancer: A 10-year population-based studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 12 2009Michael E. Benros Abstract To investigate the possibility that psychiatric symptoms could be caused by a yet undetected cancer or be part of a paraneoplastic syndrome, nationwide population-based registers were linked including the Danish Psychiatric Central Register and the Danish Cancer Registry. Data were analysed as a cohort study using survival analysis techniques and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were used as measures of relative risk. A total of 4,320,623 persons were followed in the 10-year period 1994,2003, resulting in 37,581,600 person-years at risk, 202,144 persons with a first-time psychiatric contact, and 208,995 persons diagnosed with cancer. During the first month after a first-time psychiatric contact, the incidence of all forms of cancer was elevated; IRR: 2.61 (95% CI, 2.31,2.95). Particularly the incidence of brain tumours was elevated; IRR: 18.85 (95% CI, 14.52,24.48), but also the incidence of lung cancer; IRR: 2.98 (95% CI, 2.16,4.12), and especially small-cell lung cancer; IRR: 6.13 (95% CI, 3.39,11.07) was elevated. The elevated IRR for most cancers decreased towards unity within the first 3 months, except for brain tumours, for which the IRR remained significantly elevated during the first 9 months. One of every 63 patients above 50 years of age was diagnosed with malignant cancer within 1 year of first-time psychiatric contact. These results indicate an increased incidence of cancer, especially for brain tumours and small-cell lung cancer, in the first months after a first-time contact to a psychiatric hospital. Clinicians should be aware that first-onset psychiatric symptoms could be a sign of a yet undetected cancer. © 2009 UICC [source] Prevalence of major eye diseases and causes of visual impairment in the adult Finnish population: a nationwide population-based surveyACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 4 2010Arja Laitinen Abstract. Purpose:, To estimate the prevalence of cataract, glaucoma, age-related maculopathy (ARM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the adult Finnish population. Methods:, A representative cross-sectional sample of the Finnish population aged 30 years and older. Of the 7979 eligible people, 7413 (93%) were interviewed and/or examined. The interview included self-reported doctor-made diagnoses of cataract, glaucoma, degenerative fundus changes (mainly ARM) or DR. Information on self-reported eye diseases was complemented with data from national registers, and case records were gathered for non-participants and persons with visual acuity (VA) < 0.5 or reporting difficulties in vision or eye diseases without assessed VA. Results:, Based on self-reported and/or register-based data the estimated total prevalences of cataract, glaucoma, ARM and DR in the study population were 10%, 5%, 4% and 1%, respectively. All these chronic eye diseases increased with age (p < 0.001). The corresponding prevalences for persons aged 65 and older were 34%, 13%, 12% and 2%, respectively. Cataract and glaucoma were more common in women than in men [odds ratio (OR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26,1.91; OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.24,1.98, respectively]. The most prevalent eye diseases in people with visual impairment (VA , 0.25) were ARM (37%), unoperated cataract (27%), glaucoma (22%) and DR (7%). Conclusion:, The high prevalence of these mainly age-related eye diseases, together with increasing life expectancy, mean that continuous efforts are needed to identify and treat eye diseases in order to maintain patients' quality of life and to alleviate the social and economic burden of serious eye diseases. [source] Prejudice against obesity among 10-year-olds: a nationwide population-based studyACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 7 2009Lena M Hansson Abstract Aims:, Population-based research on children's possible prejudice against thin, obese and average body sizes is scarce. This study examined children's prejudice against various body sizes of both sexes. The effects of sex, body size, place of residence and socio-economic status (SES) on children's prejudice were also investigated. Methods:, In 2005, a nationally representative sample of 10-year-old children (N = 1409) responded to a questionnaire measuring stereotypes and prejudice against thin, average-weight and obese silhouettes. Results:, As estimated by odds ratios (ORs), children were more likely to report prejudice against obesity (OR = 53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 42,67) and thinness (OR = 20, 95% CI: 16,26) than against average body weight. The risk of being prejudiced varied with child's sex and with sex and body size of the silhouette figure. No association was found between own body weight and prejudice against various body sizes. Children with high SES were more likely to be prejudiced against obesity compared with children with low SES (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1,1.4). Conclusion:, This large, population-based study showed that Swedish 10-year-old children hold stereotypical attitudes and are prejudiced against not only peers with obesity but also those with thin body sizes. Interestingly, no association was found between own body weight and prejudice against various body sizes. [source] | ||||||||||