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National Parks (national + parks)
Selected AbstractsConservation Geographies in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Politics of National Parks, Community Conservation and Peace ParksGEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2010Brian King Sub-Saharan Africa has been the location of intense conservation planning since the colonial era. Under the auspices of wilderness protection, colonial authorities established national parks largely for the purpose of hunting and tourism while forcibly evicting indigenous populations. Concerns about the ethical and economic impacts of protected areas have generated interest in community conservation initiatives that attempt to include local participation in natural resource management. In recent years, the anticipated loss of biodiversity, coupled with the integration of ecological concepts into planning processes, has generated interest in larger-scale initiatives that maximize protected habitat. Central to this shift are transboundary conservation areas, or Peace Parks, that involve protected territory that supersedes national political borders. This study provides a review of national parks, community conservation, and Peace Parks, in order to understand the development politics and governance challenges of global conservation. Although these approaches are not mutually exclusive, the study asserts that they represent major trajectories to conservation planning in Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the developing world. In considering the histories of these models in Sub-Saharan Africa, I argue that conservation planners often prioritize economic and ecological factors over the political circumstances that influence the effectiveness of these approaches. The study concludes by suggesting that an analysis of these three models provides a lens to examine ongoing debates regarding the employ of conservation as an economic development strategy and the challenges to environmental governance in the 21st century. [source] Some ignimbrite localities of the English Lake DistrictGEOLOGY TODAY, Issue 1 2009David Horsley The English Lake District, comprising much of the county of Cumbria, is rightly celebrated for the glories of its scenery, its association with poets and artists, and its geology. One of the founding National Parks in the United Kingdom, it receives thousands of visitors world-wide every year. Geologically, the Borrowdale Volcanic Group, and its ignimbrites in particular, is worthy of greater study; its localities are available to all. [source] Backpacking in Yosemite and Kings Canyon National Parks and Neighboring Wilderness Areas: How Safe Is the Water to Drink?JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2008Robert W. Derlet MD Objective The objective of this study was to determine the risk of acquiring disease from popular Sierra Nevada wilderness area lakes and streams. This study examines the relative risk factors for harmful waterborne microorganisms using coliforms as an indicator. Methods Water was collected in the backcountry Yosemite and Kings Canyon National Parks and neighboring wilderness areas. A total of 72 sites from lakes or streams were selected to statistically differentiate the risk categories: (1) natural areas rarely visited by humans or domestic animals; (2) human day use,only areas; (3) high use by backpackers; (4) high use by pack animals; and (5) cattle- and sheep-grazing tracts. Water was collected in sterile test tubes and Millipore coliform samplers during the summer of 2006. Water was analyzed at the university microbiology lab, where bacteria were harvested and then subjected to analysis using standardized techniques. Statistical analysis to compare site categories was performed using Fisher's exact test. Results Coliforms were found in none of the 13 wild sites, none of the 12 day hike sites, and only 3 of 18 backpacker sites (17%). In contrast, 14 of 20 sites (70%) with pack animal traffic yielded coliforms, and all 9 sites (100%) below the cattle-grazing areas grew coliforms. Differences between backpacker versus cattle or pack areas were significant, p , 0.05. All samples grew normal aquatic bacteria. Sites below cattle grazing and pack animal use tended to have more total heterotrophic bacteria. Conclusions Alpine wilderness water below cattle areas used by pack animals is at risk for containing coliform organisms. Water from wild, day hike, or backpack areas showed far less risk for coliforms. [source] Microsatellite analysis of North American wapiti (Cervus elaphus) populationsMOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 10 2000Renee O. Polziehn Abstract Eleven populations of wapiti (Cervus elaphus) were analysed for genetic diversity using 12 microsatellite loci. Samples were taken from Vancouver Island, British Columbia; Burwash and French River herds in Ontario; Ya Ha Tinda Ranch, Alberta; and Banff, Elk Island, Jasper, Kootenay, Riding Mountain, Yellowstone and Yoho National Parks. Overall, wapiti populations have on average three to four alleles per locus and an average expected heterozygosity that ranged from 25.75 to 52.85%. The greatest genetic distances were observed between the Vancouver population and all other populations. Using the assignment test, Roosevelt wapiti (C. e. roosevelti Merriam 1897) assigned only to the Vancouver Island population. The distance and assignment values suggest a divergence of the Roosevelt wapiti from other populations and support the subspecific status for the Vancouver Island population. No evidence was found for the existence of unique Eastern wapiti (C. e. canadensis Erxleben 1777) in the Burwash or French River herds in Ontario. The overlapping distribution of genotypes from indigenous populations from Riding Mountain, Elk Island and Yellowstone National Parks suggests that wapiti were once a continuous population before settlers decimated their numbers. The lack of differentiation between these populations raises questions about the status of Manitoban (C. e.manitobensis Millais 1915) and Rocky Mountain (C. e.nelsoni Bailey 1935) subspecies. [source] National Parks for the darkASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS, Issue 1 2009Sue Bowler Editor No abstract is available for this article. [source] Tourism, livelihoods and protected areas: opportunities for fair-trade tourism in and around National parksINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 5 2001Harold Goodwin The development and implementation of ,alternative livelihood projects' by donor agencies and conservation organisations has become one of the most commonly-applied management prescriptions to alleviate existing or potential conflicts between protected areas and local livelihoods. The use of these projects is a common feature of so-called Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs). In most cases, the promotion of these initiatives are undertaken as extensions of protected area programmes and often take place in buffer zones. Examples of projects that seek to improve local livelihoods in and around protected areas are common, and many of them have a tourism component. However, the results of tourism components of ICDPs have often been disappointing with local people benefiting little from tourism revenues. Nevertheless, many national parks are major tourist attractions in rural, and often marginal, areas and do offer significant opportunities for indigenous enterprise development. People living in and around these protected areas often have high expectations of what tourism could offer them. Using data collected in the south east lowveld of Zimbabwe for the DFID Tourism, Conservation and Sustainable Development project an analysis of local people's expectations of tourism is presented. The survey covered nine villages and there are significant differences in the responses. Local people were asked about their experience of tourism and their aspirations, including their preferred ways of earning money from tourism. Finally an analysis of their perceptions of the barriers to their involvement in the industry is presented. The paper then addresses the ways in which a national park or conservancy might respond to these aspirations and seek to involve local people in tourism enabling them to secure all or part of their livelihood from tourism related employment or entrepreneurial activity. An analysis of the preferences of tourists surveyed in Gonarezhou about activities, which they would wish to participate in if they were available, is presented. The paper concludes with an analysis of the opportunities for the managers of state, communal or privately owned land to create and support opportunities for local people to participate in the tourism industry and to benefit from fairly traded tourism. These strategies include marketing and business development support, regulation and price management. [source] Habitat availability, hunting or poaching: what affects distribution and density of large mammals in western Tanzanian woodlands?AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Matthias Waltert Abstract Game reserves (GR) in Tanzania have been found to support similar or lower densities of large mammals compared with National parks (NP). But as these areas usually differ considerably not only in regard to management but also to environmental factors, we assessed the relative importance of vegetation cover, species-specific habitat preferences and legal (trophy hunting) and illegal off-take for observed differences in species-specific densities. In the Katavi ecosystem, open habitats were characteristic elements of Katavi NP, while Rukwa GR was dominated by miombo forest. In an inter-specific comparison, density differences were moderately correlated with preferences for open habitats, and with estimates of combined legal and illegal off-take but not with one of these separately. In a multiple linear regression, open habitat preference was found to explain 39.6% of the density differences between the two protected areas. This analysis suggests that the broad-scale pattern of most species' distributions is governed by differing vegetation cover but that several species are overexploited by illegal (elephant, giraffe, buffalo, bush pig, warthog) or combined off-take (hippopotamus, eland, waterbuck), thus emphasizing the need for quota readjustments and a more efficient anti-poaching control. Résumé En Tanzanie, on a découvert que les réserves de chasse, comparées aux parcs nationaux, abritaient des densités semblables ou inférieures de grands mammifères. Mais étant donné que ces zones diffèrent d'habitude considérablement, en termes non seulement de gestion mais aussi de facteurs environnementaux, nous avons évalué l'importance relative de la couverture végétale, des préférences spécifiques des espèces en matière d'habitat, et des prélèvements légaux (chasse aux trophées) et illégaux dans les différences constatées des densités spécifiques. Dans l'écosystème de Katavi, les habitats ouverts sont des éléments caractéristiques du Parc National de Katavi (PN) alors que la Réserve de Chasse de Rukwa (RC) est dominée par la forêt à miombo. Dans une comparaison interspécifique, les différences de densitéétaient modérément liées à la préférence pour des habitats ouverts et aux estimations de prélèvements légaux et illégaux combinés, mais pas avec les estimations séparées des uns ou des autres. Dans une régression linéaire multiple, on a découvert que la préférence pour un habitat ouvert expliquait 39.6% des différences de densité entre les deux aires protégées. Cette analyse suggère que le schéma, à grande échelle, de la distribution de la plupart des espèces est régi par une différence de couverture végétale, mais que plusieurs espèces semblent être surexploitées par les prélèvements illégaux (éléphants, girafes, buffles, potamochères, phacochères) ou combinés (hippopotames, élands, waterbucks), ce qui souligne la nécessité de réajuster les quotas et d'exercer des contrôles anti-braconnage plus efficaces. [source] Integrating species life-history traits and patterns of deforestation in amphibian conservation planningDIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS, Issue 1 2010C. G. Becker Abstract Aim, To identify priority areas for amphibian conservation in southeastern Brazil, by integrating species life-history traits and patterns of deforestation. Location, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods, We used the software Marxan to evaluate different scenarios of amphibian conservation planning. Our approach differs from previous methods by explicitly including two different landscape metrics; habitat split for species with aquatic larvae, and habitat loss for species with terrestrial development. We evaluated the effect of habitat requirements by classifying species breeding habitats in five categories (flowing water, still water permanent, still water temporary, bromeliad or bamboo, and terrestrial). We performed analyses using two scales, grid cells and watersheds and also considered nature preserves as protected areas. Results, We found contrasting patterns of deforestation between coastal and inland regions. Seventy-six grid cells and 14 watersheds are capable of representing each species at least once. When accounting for grid cells already protected in state and national parks and considering species habitat requirements we found 16 high-priority grid cells for species with one or two reproductive habitats, and only one cell representing species with four habitat requirements. Key areas for the conservation of species breeding in flowing and permanent still waters are concentrated in southern state, while those for amphibians breeding in temporary ponds are concentrated in central to eastern zones. Eastern highland zones are key areas for preserving species breeding terrestrially by direct or indirect development. Species breeding in bromeliads and bamboos are already well represented in protected areas. Main conclusions, Our results emphasize the need to integrate information on landscape configuration and species life-history traits to produce more ecologically relevant conservation strategies. [source] Habitat size and number in multi-habitat landscapes: a model approach based on species-area curvesECOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2002Even Tjørve This paper discusses species diversity in simple multi-habitat environments. Its main purpose is to present simple mathematical and graphical models on how landscape patterns affect species numbers. The idea is to build models of species diversity in multi-habitat landscapes by combining species-area curves for different habitats. Predictions are made about how variables such as species richness and species overlap between habitats influence the proportion of the total landscape each habitat should constitute, and how many habitats it should be divided into in order to be able to sustain the maximal number of species. Habitat size and numbers are the only factors discussed here, not habitat spatial patterns. Among the predictions are: 1) where there are differences in species diversity between habitats, optimal landscape patterns contain larger proportions of species rich habitats. 2) Species overlap between habitats shifts the optimum further towards larger proportions of species rich habitat types. 3) Species overlap also shifts the optimum towards fewer habitat types. 4) Species diversity in landscapes with large species overlap is more resistant to changes in landscape (or reserve) size. This type of model approach can produce theories useful to nature and landscape management in general, and the design of nature reserves and national parks in particular. [source] Conservation Geographies in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Politics of National Parks, Community Conservation and Peace ParksGEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2010Brian King Sub-Saharan Africa has been the location of intense conservation planning since the colonial era. Under the auspices of wilderness protection, colonial authorities established national parks largely for the purpose of hunting and tourism while forcibly evicting indigenous populations. Concerns about the ethical and economic impacts of protected areas have generated interest in community conservation initiatives that attempt to include local participation in natural resource management. In recent years, the anticipated loss of biodiversity, coupled with the integration of ecological concepts into planning processes, has generated interest in larger-scale initiatives that maximize protected habitat. Central to this shift are transboundary conservation areas, or Peace Parks, that involve protected territory that supersedes national political borders. This study provides a review of national parks, community conservation, and Peace Parks, in order to understand the development politics and governance challenges of global conservation. Although these approaches are not mutually exclusive, the study asserts that they represent major trajectories to conservation planning in Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the developing world. In considering the histories of these models in Sub-Saharan Africa, I argue that conservation planners often prioritize economic and ecological factors over the political circumstances that influence the effectiveness of these approaches. The study concludes by suggesting that an analysis of these three models provides a lens to examine ongoing debates regarding the employ of conservation as an economic development strategy and the challenges to environmental governance in the 21st century. [source] Vulnerability of African mammals to anthropogenic climate change under conservative land transformation assumptionsGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2006WILFRIED THUILLER Abstract Recent observations show that human-induced climate change (CC) and land transformation (LT) are threatening wildlife globally. Thus, there is a need to assess the sensitivity of wildlife on large spatial scales and evaluate whether national parks (NPs), a key conservation tools used to protect species, will meet their mandate under future CC and LT conditions. Here, we assess the sensitivity of 277 mammals at African scale to CC at 10, resolution, using static LT assumptions in a ,first-cut' estimate, in the absence of credible future LT trends. We examine the relationship between species' current distribution and macroclimatic variables using generalized additive models, and include LT indirectly as a filter. Future projections are derived using two CC scenarios (for 2050 and 2080) to estimate the spatial patterns of loss and gain in species richness that might ultimately result. We then apply the IUCN Red List criteria A3(c) of potential range loss to evaluate species sensitivity. We finally estimate the sensitivity of 141 NPs in terms of both species richness and turnover. Assuming no spread of species, 10,15% of the species are projected to fall within the critically endangered or extinct categories by 2050 and between 25% and 40% by 2080. Assuming unlimited species spread, less extreme results show proportions dropping to approximately 10,20% by 2080. Spatial patterns of richness loss and gain show contrasting latitudinal patterns with a westward range shift of species around the species-rich equatorial zone in central Africa, and an eastward shift in southern Africa, mainly because of latitudinal aridity gradients across these ecological transition zones. Xeric shrubland NPs may face significant richness losses not compensated by species influxes. Other NPs might expect substantial losses and influxes of species. On balance, the NPs might ultimately realize a substantial shift in the mammalian species composition of a magnitude unprecedented in recent geological time. To conclude, the effects of global CC and LT on wildlife communities may be most noticeable not as a loss of species from their current ranges, but instead as a fundamental change in community composition. [source] Tourism, livelihoods and protected areas: opportunities for fair-trade tourism in and around National parksINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 5 2001Harold Goodwin The development and implementation of ,alternative livelihood projects' by donor agencies and conservation organisations has become one of the most commonly-applied management prescriptions to alleviate existing or potential conflicts between protected areas and local livelihoods. The use of these projects is a common feature of so-called Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs). In most cases, the promotion of these initiatives are undertaken as extensions of protected area programmes and often take place in buffer zones. Examples of projects that seek to improve local livelihoods in and around protected areas are common, and many of them have a tourism component. However, the results of tourism components of ICDPs have often been disappointing with local people benefiting little from tourism revenues. Nevertheless, many national parks are major tourist attractions in rural, and often marginal, areas and do offer significant opportunities for indigenous enterprise development. People living in and around these protected areas often have high expectations of what tourism could offer them. Using data collected in the south east lowveld of Zimbabwe for the DFID Tourism, Conservation and Sustainable Development project an analysis of local people's expectations of tourism is presented. The survey covered nine villages and there are significant differences in the responses. Local people were asked about their experience of tourism and their aspirations, including their preferred ways of earning money from tourism. Finally an analysis of their perceptions of the barriers to their involvement in the industry is presented. The paper then addresses the ways in which a national park or conservancy might respond to these aspirations and seek to involve local people in tourism enabling them to secure all or part of their livelihood from tourism related employment or entrepreneurial activity. An analysis of the preferences of tourists surveyed in Gonarezhou about activities, which they would wish to participate in if they were available, is presented. The paper concludes with an analysis of the opportunities for the managers of state, communal or privately owned land to create and support opportunities for local people to participate in the tourism industry and to benefit from fairly traded tourism. These strategies include marketing and business development support, regulation and price management. [source] Implications of closed ecosystem conservation management: the decline of Rothschild's giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) in Lake Nakuru National Park, KenyaAFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Rick A. Brenneman Abstract Giraffe were historically free-ranging across most of sub-Saharan Africa but are now most often confined to national parks, conservation areas, or private ranches. Five viable populations of Rothschild's giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) remain in protected areas in Kenya and Uganda. The viable population in Uganda is Murchison Falls National Park and the four populations in Kenya are Lake Nakuru National Park (LNNP), Ruma National Park, Giraffe Manor, and Mwea Natural Reserve. The Kenya Wildlife Service queried a rapid decline in LNNP giraffe numbers falling from 153 individuals (1995) to 62 individuals (2002) and the failure of that population to recruit young in those years. Significantly reduced browse options, inbreeding depression and preferential lion predation were considered as potential reasons for this trend. Population genetic parameter estimates derived from multilocus genotype analyses suggest that the LNNP population was in good genetic health with respect to the likelihood of inbreeding depression. The population decline coincided with the drought attributed to the 1994 El Niño. Possible dietary complications from highly concentrated tannin levels because of forced over consumption of the park's declining acacia trees may have compromised young giraffe, making them easy and opportunistic prey for the park's lion population. Résumé Dans le passé, des girafes évoluaient librement dans une grande partie de l'Afrique sub-saharienne, mais elles sont désormais confinées le plus souvent dans des parcs nationaux, des aires de conservation ou des ranches privés. Cinq populations viables de girafes de Rothschild (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) subsistent dans des aires protégées au Kenya et en Ouganda. La population viable d'Ouganda est celle du Parc National des Murchison Falls, et les quatre populations du Kenya sont celles du Parc National du Lac Nakuru (LNNP), du Parc National de Ruma, du Giraffe Manor et de la Réserve Naturelle de Mwea. Le Kenya Wildlife Service s'est interrogé au sujet du déclin rapide du nombre de girafes au LNNP qui est passé de 153 individus en 1995 à 62 en 2002, et de l'échec de cette population pour recruter des jeunes ces années-là. Des possibilités alimentaires réduites, une dépression due à l'inbreeding, et une prédation préférentielle par les lions ont été envisagées comme raisons de cette tendance. Des estimations des paramètres génétiques de la population dérivées d'analyses de génotypes multilocus suggèrent que la population du LNNP est en bonne santé génétique en ce qui concerne la possibilité de dépression causée par l'inbreeding. Le déclin de la population a coïncidé avec la sécheresse attribuée à El Niño en 1994. Il est possible qu'elle ait souffert de complications alimentaires à cause de taux de tanins très concentrés, parce qu'elle a été forcée de consommer à l'excès les acacias du parc, qui sont en déclin, et que ces complications aient nui aux jeunes girafes et aient fait d'elles des proies faciles pour la population opportuniste des lions du parc. [source] New shapes to shift: war, parks and the hunting person in modern West AfricaTHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 4 2000Melissa Leach The deployment of Mande hunters' brotherhoods in environmental defence around Guinea's national parks, and in civil defence in Sierra Leone's war, represent two cases where international and fragmented state interests are interlocking transformatively with ,traditional' organizations in modern West Africa. Emphasizing the embeddedness of hunting in ideas and practices linking social and ecological processes, this article explores how the construction and representation of gender and authority domains are negotiated in articulation with larger political-economic processes in these two cases. Important parallels and interconnections include the ambiguous basis of hunters' identity, distinctiveness, and sociality in the region; the reproduction of both hierarchies and ambiguities in gender relations; potent linkages between environmental protection and conflict, and the ways apparently technocratic or peace-building initiatives can serve to fuel oppositional politics and the creation of armed ethnic regionalisms. [source] Carnivore biodiversity in Tanzania: revealing the distribution patterns of secretive mammals using camera trapsANIMAL CONSERVATION, Issue 2 2010N. Pettorelli Abstract Biodiversity monitoring is critical to assess the effectiveness of management activities and policy change, particularly in the light of accelerating impacts of environmental change, and for compiling national responses to international obligations and agreements. Monitoring methods able to identify species most likely to be affected by environmental change, and pinpoint those changes with the strongest impacts, will enable managers to target efforts towards vulnerable species and significant threats. Here we take a new approach to carnivore monitoring, combining camera-trap surveys with ecological niche factor analysis to assess distribution and patterns of habitat use of mammalian carnivore assemblages across northern Tanzania. We conducted 11 surveys over 430 camera-trap stations and 11 355 trap-days. We recorded 23 out of 35 carnivore species known to occur in Tanzania and report major extensions to the known distribution of the bushy-tailed mongoose Bdeogale crassicauda, previously thought to be rare. Carnivore biodiversity tended to be higher in national parks than in game reserves and forest reserves. We explored habitat use for seven species for which we had sufficient information. All species tended to be found near rivers and southern Acacia commiphora woodlands (except one mongoose species), and avoided deciduous shrubland, favouring deciduous woodland and/or open grassland. All species tended to avoid croplands suggesting that habitat conversion to agriculture could have serious implications for carnivore distribution. Our study provides a first example where camera-trap data are combined with niche analyses to reveal patterns in habitat use and spatial distribution of otherwise elusive and poorly known species and to inform reserve design and land-use planning. Our methodology represents a potentially powerful tool that can inform national and site-based wildlife managers and policy makers as well as international agreements on conservation. [source] THE TRAVELING SEMINAR: AN EXPERIMENT IN CROSS-CULTURAL TOURISM AND EDUCATION IN TAIWANANNALS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2005DAVID BLUNDELL This article explores the anthropologist's role in facilitating and guiding international educational traveling seminars through interaction with local people, based on my experiences with such seminars in Taiwan. Since the late 1980s, the Taiwanese authorities have reviewed restricted space, converting it into scenic areas and national parks. Martial law was lifted, allowing for changes in the society and introducing a "green" consciousness concerned with examining local roots. In 1992, a method of tourism was developed in which the participants of traveling seminars visited places in Taiwan or other world locations expecting to (1) explore, (2) learn, (3) interact, (4) respect, (5) share qualitative feedback with one another, and (6) enjoy the process. When addressing a topic for discussion, such as cultural heritage or the environment, each member of such traveling seminars speaks in his or her own language to share with the group. That is to say, participants explore through travel as a learning process, interacting with others with concern and respect for differences, sharing experiences, and conversing in their mother tongues with translation assistance. [source] Resource periphery, corridor, heartland: Contesting land use in the Kalimantan/Malaysia borderlandsASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 1 2009Lesley PotterArticle first published online: 25 MAR 200 Abstract The long borderland in Kalimantan between Indonesia and East Malaysia is partly mountainous and environmentally unique, its three national parks forming the core of a tri-nation ,Heart of Borneo' initiative proposed by environmental NGOs and ratified in 2006. More accessible lowlands in West Kalimantan and the north of East Kalimantan constitute a typical ,resource periphery' in which strategic considerations, persisting through the Suharto years, now intersect with a range of new political, economic and cultural demands. A perception by the central government of increasing lawlessness in the borderlands arose in the turbulent years following Suharto's fall, during ,reformasi' and the beginnings of decentralisation. In addition to smuggling and illegal logging, contests over land use erupted at various scales. Proposals to construct an oil palm corridor along the border, begun by the Megawati government and extended by some sectors of the Yudhoyono regime, were part of a quest for greater legibility and control on the part of the central authorities. The paper specifically examines the power struggles that arose over that project and its inevitable outcome, a central government back down. However, the current palm oil boom is bringing new corporate planting, which may eventually succeed in ,taming' the borderlands. [source] Rickettsiae in ticks from wild ungulates of Sierra Nevada and Doñana national parks (Spain)CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 2009F. J. Márquez No abstract is available for this article. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||