Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Nation's Population (nation + population)
Selected AbstractsAge at Acquisition of Helicobacter pylori in a Pediatric Canadian First Nations PopulationHELICOBACTER, Issue 2 2002Samir K. Sinha Abstract Background. Few data exist regarding the epidem-iology of Helicobacter pylori infections in aboriginal, including the First Nations (Indian) or Inuit (Eskimo) populations of North America. We have previously found 95% of the adults in Wasagamack, a First Nations community in Northeastern Manitoba, Canada, are seropositive for H. pylori. We aimed to determine the age at acquisition of H. pylori among the children of this community, and if any association existed with stool occult blood or demographic factors. Materials and Methods. We prospectively enrolled children resident in the Wasagamack First Nation in August 1999. A demographic questionnaire was administered. Stool was collected, frozen and batch analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for H. pylori antigen and for the presence of occult blood. Questionnaire data were analyzed and correlated with the presence or absence of H. pylori. Results. 163 (47%) of the estimated 350 children aged 6 weeks to 12 years, resident in the community were enrolled. Stool was positive for H. pylori in 92 (56%). By the second year of life 67% were positive for H. pylori. The youngest to test positive was 6 weeks old. There was no correlation of a positive H. pylori status with gender, presence of pets, serum Hgb, or stool occult blood. Forty-three percent of H. pylori positive and 24% of H. pylori negative children were < 50th percentile for height (p = 0.024). Positive H. pylori status was associated with the use of indoor pail toileting (86/143) compared with outhouse toileting (6/20) (p = 0.01). Conclusions. In a community with widespread H. pylori infection, overcrowded housing and primitive toileting, H. pylori is acquired as early as 6 weeks of age, and by the second year of life 67% of children test positive for H. pylori. [source] Prevalence of early childhood caries among First Nations children, District of Manitoulin, OntarioINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2004S. Peressini Summary. Background., Epidemiological studies of Aboriginal communities in Canada and Native American populations in the United States have reported that early childhood caries (ECC) is highly prevalent. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ECC and dental caries in the First Nations population of 3- and 5-year-old children in the District of Manitoulin, Ontario to assist in developing effective dental health promotion strategies. Methods., All 3- and 5-year-old children in elementary schools and day-care centres in seven First Nation communities were eligible for the survey examination. Three-year-old children at home and 5-year-old children attending school off-reserve in six of the communities were also eligible for epidemiological survey examination of oral health status including caries, gingival and soft tissue conditions. Cases of ECC were defined as children with caries or restorations on two or more primary maxillary incisors or canines or those having a total decayed, missing, filled primary teeth (dmft) score of 4 or greater. Results., A total of 87 children (59% 5 years old, 54% females) were examined. Seventy-four per cent of children had one or more carious lesions. Forty-five cases of ECC were found, a prevalence of 52%. The mean dmft score for cases was 7·5 (95% CI 6·5,8·4) and 0·8 (95% CI 0·5,1·1) for non-cases (P < 0·001). Boys in both age groups were more likely to be affected by ECC than girls. Conclusion., Our results indicate that dental caries and ECC are highly prevalent in this population, with ECC cases having 6.7 more dmft than non-cases. [source] Nursing migration: global treasure hunt or disaster-in-the-making?NURSING INQUIRY, Issue 4 2001Mireille Kingma Nursing migration: global treasure hunt or disaster-in-the-making? International nurse migration , moving from one country to another in the search of employment , is the focus of this article. The majority of member states of the World Health Organization report a shortage, maldistribution and misutilisation of nurses. International recruitment has been seen as a solution. The negative effects of international migration on the ,supplier' countries may be recognised today but are not effectively addressed. Nurse migration is motivated by the search for professional development, better quality of life and personal safety. Pay and learning opportunities continue to be the most frequently reported incentives for nurse migration, especially by nurses from less-developed countries. Career opportunities were considered key incentives for nurses emigrating from high-income countries. Language was reported to be a significant barrier. The positive global economic/social/professional development resulting from international migration needs to be weighed against a substantial ,brain and skills drain' experienced by supplier countries. The vulnerable status of migrant nurses is also of concern in certain cases. The focus on short-term solutions as opposed to resolving the problem of a worldwide shortage of nurses causes great concern. Recent initiatives attempt to curb or channel international recruitment. The delicate balance between recognising the right of individual nurses to migrate and a collective concern for the health of a nation's population must be achieved. [source] The impact of catastrophic channel change on freshwater mussels in the Hunter River system, Australia: a conservation assessmentAQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue 1 2010Hugh A. Jones Abstract 1.Australia has a distinct suite of endemic freshwater mussel species, several of which are restricted to south-eastern Australia, an intensively modified region supporting much of the nation's population and where pressures on freshwater ecosystems are increasing. 2.Surveys were made of 78 sites in the Hunter River system to determine the distribution and abundance of the six mussel species occurring in the region, to identify threatening processes and to locate populations of high conservation value. 3.Mussel populations were mainly distributed in the hydrologically stable southern Barrington rivers, where those in the Williams River have the highest conservation value. Strongholds for Hyridella drapeta were found in Wollombi Brook. 4.Mussels were not detected at 40% of the sites, some of which supported mussels in the past. These were mainly reaches that have undergone river metamorphosis. 5.Where found, most mussel populations had low densities and were highly fragmented. Major threats to these remnant populations are degradation of riparian and instream condition from agricultural activities, extreme climatic events (flood and drought) and the introduced macrophyte, Salvinia molesta. 6.While threat mitigation can be achieved by habitat protection and strategies to reconnect mussel populations, managers are largely unaware of this invertebrate group. Formal recognition of regionally threatened mussel populations would do much to focus efforts on conservation. 7.The proposed construction of a large dam on the Williams River is a potential threat to the most important mussel populations in the Hunter River system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||