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Nation's Children (nation + child)
Selected AbstractsPrevalence of early childhood caries among First Nations children, District of Manitoulin, OntarioINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2004S. Peressini Summary. Background., Epidemiological studies of Aboriginal communities in Canada and Native American populations in the United States have reported that early childhood caries (ECC) is highly prevalent. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ECC and dental caries in the First Nations population of 3- and 5-year-old children in the District of Manitoulin, Ontario to assist in developing effective dental health promotion strategies. Methods., All 3- and 5-year-old children in elementary schools and day-care centres in seven First Nation communities were eligible for the survey examination. Three-year-old children at home and 5-year-old children attending school off-reserve in six of the communities were also eligible for epidemiological survey examination of oral health status including caries, gingival and soft tissue conditions. Cases of ECC were defined as children with caries or restorations on two or more primary maxillary incisors or canines or those having a total decayed, missing, filled primary teeth (dmft) score of 4 or greater. Results., A total of 87 children (59% 5 years old, 54% females) were examined. Seventy-four per cent of children had one or more carious lesions. Forty-five cases of ECC were found, a prevalence of 52%. The mean dmft score for cases was 7·5 (95% CI 6·5,8·4) and 0·8 (95% CI 0·5,1·1) for non-cases (P < 0·001). Boys in both age groups were more likely to be affected by ECC than girls. Conclusion., Our results indicate that dental caries and ECC are highly prevalent in this population, with ECC cases having 6.7 more dmft than non-cases. [source] Insights on Immunizations From Caregivers of Children Receiving Medicaid-Funded ServicesJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2000Deborah B. Evers ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Despite numerous programs aimed at improving immunization rates among American children, under-immunization remains a significant problem. This study was conducted to gain insight into parents' /guardians' knowledge and attitudes regarding childhood immunizations. DESIGN AND METHODS. Thirteen African-American mothers and grandmothers participated in semistructured, audiotaped focus-group interviews. RESULTS. Four major themes emerged: health knowledge and beliefs about immunizations, system barriers that impede obtaining immunizations, facilitators that enhance obtaining immunizations, and suggestions for change. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Immunizations are one of the most important health advantages available to children. Therefore, nurses must become aware of the problem of underimmunization and work to address some of the concerns caregivers have identified in this study. The health and lives of the nation's children depend on it. [source] Medicaid matters: children's health and medicaid eligibility expansionsJOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2002Kristine A. Lykens In the late 1980s, a series of federal laws were enacted which expanded Medicaid eligibility to more of the nation's children. States had a great amount of discretion in how fast and how far these expansions were implemented. As a result, there was great variation among the states in defining who was eligible for the program. This variation provides a rare opportunity to disentangle the effect of Medicaid from a child's socioeconomic status. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey, we address whether the Medicaid expansions improved the health and functional status of children. Econometric models were developed using fixed-effects regressions, and were estimated separately for white, black, and Hispanic children. White children experienced statistically significant reductions in acute health conditions and functional limitations. Black and Hispanic children showed some evidence of improved health conditions and functional status, but this evidence is inconclusive in the study sample. This may be due to differences in their access to appropriate health services or to the smaller sample size of minorities in each geographic area. The findings are also relevant to the implementation of the Children' Health Insurance Program (CHIP), the latest federal effort to expand access to health care to poor and near poor children. In many states, CHIP is being implemented in whole or in part through further Medicaid expansions. © 2002 by the Association for Policy Analysis and Management. [source] Examining the Nature and Magnitude of Intradistrict Resource Disparities in Mid-Size School DistrictsPUBLIC BUDGETING AND FINANCE, Issue 4 2008LARRY MILLER While a growing research base has examined resource disparities across schools within large school districts, the literature has largely overlooked resource allocation in the mid-size school districts that a large portion of the nation's children attend. In this paper, we measure disparities in teacher resources within four New York State districts and conclude that intradistrict equity is not just a big city problem. We also explore the budgeting processes and mechanisms leading to these disparities, including fund-based budgeting, grant-based allocation rules, class size formulae, and ad-hoc mechanisms. We conclude with policy implications and recommendations for improving intradistrict resource equity. [source] | |||||||||||||