Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Arabs
Terms modified by Arabs Selected AbstractsA population-based study of hairy cell leukemia in IsraelEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Ora Paltiel Abstract:,Objectives: Few population-based data exist on the incidence and prognosis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Our objectives were to study the effect of socio-demographic factors on this rare disease and the risk of second malignancies occurring in HCL patients. Methods: We measured crude and age-adjusted incidence rates of HCL based on reporting to the Israel Cancer Registry (ICR) 1991,2001. Using Kaplan,Meier and multivariate analysis, we assessed survival by gender, ethnicity and geographic region. We ascertained additional primary tumors reported in this population and calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for tumors reported after the diagnosis of HCL. Results: The ICR registered 147 cases of HCL among males and 34 in females between 1991 and 2001. Age-adjusted incidence rates were 1.62/106/yr for women and 7.97/106/yr for men, with rates 1.5 times higher in Jewish than in non-Jewish (mainly Arab) men. Mean overall survival also differed by ethnicity. In a multivariate model, increasing age at diagnosis (P < 0.001), as well as Arab origin (P = 0.008) were associated with poorer survival but gender did not significantly affect the survival after controlling for age and ethnicity. Other primary malignancies were reported in 20 (11%) individuals, with a predominance of genito-urinary tumors (65%) among males. Secondary genito-urinary tumors were significantly increased above the expected population rates (SIR 3.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.39,6.36, P = 0.008). Conclusions: In the Israeli population, age and ethnicity were associated with prognosis of HCL. Variations in disease characteristics, stage of disease at diagnosis or differential access to treatment may contribute to these findings. Patients with HCL appear to be at increased risk for genito-urinary malignancies. [source] Communication and Contention: The Role of Literacy in Conflicts with ,Abb,sid OfficialsHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2007Maaike Van Berkel ,Abb,sid officials of the late ninth and early tenth centuries operated in a highly bureaucratized and literate environment and they expressed their identity in terms of expertise in writing. However, in their daily business they had to communicate with all kinds of social groups, some of which had not , or only to a certain level , been introduced to writing. During the last three decades a series of groundbreaking studies appeared on the introduction and dissemination of writing in Medieval Europe. The role of literacy in Arab and Islamic societies in this period have as yet received very little, and mainly rather specialized, attention. The communication between ,Abb,sid officials and other social groups will be studied in cases of conflict and their settlements. Conflict settlement is also a field of research that recently witnessed important new insights. Studying the use of written documents in dispute settlements , a situation in which communication is of vital importance to all parties involved , forms therefore an excellent opportunity to analyse familiarity with, and confidence in, writing among the various groups within the ,Abb,sid caliphate. [source] Using the Rorschach for exploring the concept of transitional space within the political context of the Middle EastINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES, Issue 1 2005Shira Tibon Abstract The paper presents an application of a new Rorschach index, the Reality,Fantasy Scale (RFS) for evaluating the extent to which educated Israeli Jews and Arabs manifest a similar adaptive and functional ability in preserving psychic transitional space. The RFS is a psychodynamic oriented diagnostic tool, based on Exner's (1993) Comprehensive System for scoring and interpreting the Rorschach, and designed to operationalize Winnicott's (1971) concept of potential space. The scale is based on a paradigm that conceptualizes the Rorschach task as inviting the subject to enter the intermediate transitional space between inner and outer reality. The RFS ranges from ,5 to +5, and a score of zero indicates adaptive and functional use of potential space. The results point to a basic similarity between two groups of Jewish (n = 41) and Arab (n = 14) non-patients both using adaptively inner space between reality and fantasy. These results are discussed in terms of current psychoanalytic thought of relationality, political psychology research, cross-cultural personality assessment, and the empirical study of psychoanalytic concepts. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] A 9th-century Arab or Indian shipwreck in Indonesian Waters: AddendumINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Michael Flecker No abstract is available for this article. [source] Genealogical analyses in open populations: the case of three Arab-derived Spanish horse breedsJOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS, Issue 5 2009I. Cervantes Summary This research assesses the genetic composition of three Arab-derived Spanish horse breeds as an example to highlight the major shortcomings related to genealogical analyses in open populations and to propose approaches useful to deal with this task. The studbooks of three Spanish Arab (SA)-derived horse breeds, Spanish Anglo-Arab (dAA), Hispano-Arab (dHA) and Spanish Sport Horse (dSSH) and those of their parental breeds SA, Spanish Purebred (SPB) and Thoroughbred (TB), totalling 211 754 individuals, were available. The genealogies of the dAA, dHA and dSSH were analysed not only using the corresponding studbook (breed exclusive dataset) but also including the genealogies of the founders from parental breeds (completed dataset). Coancestry analyses revealed that the present SA-derived populations share more genes with the Arab than with the other parental breeds. Effective population size was computed by accounting for migration rates to obtain an equivalent closed-population effective size (eqNe) of 39.2 for the dAA, 56.3 for dHA and 114.1 for dSSH. The essayed methodologies were useful for characterising populations involving migration. The consequences of the management of the analysed breeds are discussed. The results emphasize the need to include the complete genealogies of the individuals to attain reliable genealogical parameters. [source] Serum antioxidant and cholesterol levels in patients with different types of cancerJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 6 2001Clifford Abiaka Abstract Serum antioxidant (urate, ,-tocopherol) activity and cholesterol concentration in 142 patients of Indian and Arab (Kuwaitis and other Arabs) origin with different types of cancer (breast, colon, stomach, thyroid, oral, rectal, pancreatic, and renal) were compared to 100 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Values were expressed as medians (interquartile range). Urate concentration was significantly decreased in male patients compared to male controls (P < 0.0001) and in female patients and female breast cancer cases compared to female controls; P < 0.0001 and P = 0.001, respectively. ,-Tocopherol concentration decreased significantly in total cancer, stomach, colon, rectal, and breast cancer cases than the controls; P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.012, and P = 0.022, respectively. Cholesterol concentration decreased significantly in stomach, oral, colon, and total cancer cases compared to the controls; P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.002, and P = 0.012, respectively. Among controls, females had significantly (P < 0.0001) lower concentrations of ,-tocopherol than males. Among patients, cholesterol, urate, and ,-tocopherol concentrations decreased significantly in smokers than in nonsmokers; P < 0.0001, P = 0.004, and P = 0.047, respectively. Generally, changes in ,-tocopherol/cholesterol ratios mimicked changes in ,-tocopherol concentration. Concentrations of all parameters decreased significantly in male patients compared to male controls. Age was positively associated with all three analytes with respect to the controls. ,-Tocopherol correlated with cholesterol in cancer patients (r = 0.367; P < 0.0001) and with urate in the controls (r = 0.342; P < 0.0001). The data suggest cancer-related diminished synthesis of cholesterol and, generally, a greater antioxidant burden for ,-tocopherol than urate in cancer-generated oxidative stress. The increased incidence of pancreatic cancer in Kuwaitis warrants further study. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:324,330, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Molecular evolutionary analysis and mutational pattern of full-length genomes of hepatitis B virus isolated from Belgian patients with different clinical manifestationsJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 3 2010Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim Abstract Molecular evolutionary patterns of 62 HBV full-length genomes obtained from Belgian patients were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diverse HBV subgenotypes including A2 and A6 (46.8%), D1,D4 (38.8%), E (9.7%), C1 (1.6%), and B2 (1.6%). The study population consisted of patients with different ethnic origin (Caucasian, Turkish, Asian, Arab, and African). One HBV D/C recombinant isolate was identified, which encoded subtype adw2. An HBV subgenotype D4 with an aberrant subtype ayw4 was detected. Although none of the genotypes was associated with a specific disease outcome, several nucleotide substitutions, deletions and insertions were observed within the HBV preS1/S and X genes, particularly among patients with active chronic hepatitis B infection and patients with cirrhosis. Within the immunological domain of the HBsAg gene, the most frequent substitutions were sT125M and sT118A. High rates of precore and basal core promoter mutations were detected in patients infected with genotype D of HBV. Almost half of the patients who received lamivudine therapy for at least 1 year had HBV variants associated with lamivudine drug resistance. In conclusion, the most common HBV genotypes in West Europe (A and D) also prevail in Belgium. The highest degree of genetic diversity was detected in HBV genotype D. In addition, this study reveals the circulation of exotic HBV genotypes B, C, and E in Belgium. J. Med. Virol. 82:379,389, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Language in the Balance: Lexical Repetition as a Function of Topic, Cultural Background, and Writing DevelopmentLANGUAGE LEARNING, Issue 3 2001Dudley W. Reynolds Writers' use of lexical repetition changes in relation to writing topic, cultural background, and development of writing ability. As the principal means of explicitly marking cohesion in a text, lexical repetition offers insight into how texts are structured and the balance of old and new information. Nonnative writers (134) from four cultural backgrounds (Arab, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish) and NS high school students (57) wrote a timed assessment essay on either a descriptive or a persuasive topic. Multiple regression analysis indicates that writing ability measures are the most important variables for predicting changes in repetition usage, with less significant effects found for topic and cultural background. Discussion focuses on how characteristics of learner texts change in relation to different combinations of the independent variables. [source] Behind the Dream of the Arab.ORBIS LITERARUM, Issue 2 2009The Non-Publication of Wordsworth's The Prelude This essay asks why Wordsworth did not publish his autobiographical poem, The Prelude, in 1805 when it was all but completed, but postponed publication indefinitely. It suggests that this is a complex question that needs a complex answer. The answer must take into consideration at least sociological aspects having to do with the literary marketplace, and metaphysical aspects having to do with the extent to which personal ,presence' is established in a work in manuscript as opposed to one published as a printed book around 1800. Having dealt with this material in its first part, in its second part the essay suggests that this question and its multiple answers are part of the meaning of one of the poem's cruxes, the so-called Dream of the Arab. [source] When and How Do High Status Group Members Offer Help: Effects of Social Dominance Orientation and Status ThreatPOLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2008Samer Halabi The present study explored the implications of an intergroup perspective on individual difference and situational influences on helping, specifically, outgroup members. In particular, we examined the effects of social dominance orientation (SDO) and group status threat on the amount and kind of help offered by Jewish participants (n = 99) to Arab and Jewish students. Dependent measures were the likelihood of helping outgroup and ingroup members across various situations of need and, when help is given, the likelihood that it would be dependency-oriented rather than autonomy-oriented assistance. As expected, higher SDO individuals offered less help to outgroup (Arab) students, particularly when they experienced threat to group status, but not to ingroup members. In addition, higher SDO participants, when they did report that they would help, were more likely to offer dependency-oriented help to outgroup than to ingroup members. The theoretical and applied implications are discussed. [source] Beyond Material Explanations: Family Solidarity and Mortality, a Small Area-level AnalysisPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 1 2010Jon Anson Social solidarity, being embedded in a network of binding social relationships, tends to extend human longevity. Yet while average incomes in the Western world, and with them, life expectancies, have risen dramatically, the second demographic transition has occasioned a breakdown in traditional family forms. This article considers whether these trends in family life may have slowed the rise in life expectancy. I present a cross-sectional analysis of Israeli statistical areas (SAs), for which I construct indexes of Standard of Living (SOL), Traditional Family Structure (TFS), and Religiosity (R). I show that (1) increases in all three of these indexes are associated with lower levels of mortality, (2) male mortality is more sensitive to differences in SOL and TFS than is female mortality, and (3) net of differences in SOL and TFS, there is no difference in the mortality levels of Arab and Jewish populations. [source] Cultural aspects of diabetes mellitus in SudanPRACTICAL DIABETES INTERNATIONAL (INCORPORATING CARDIABETES), Issue 6 2003Associate Professor of Medicine, Dr AM Ahmed MD Consultant Physician Abstract Diabetes is an increasingly important problem in Sudan, being responsible for 10% of hospital admissions and mortality. This review aims to study the impact of cultural factors on diabetic patients. The impact of the following factors are discussed: fatalism, religious practices, cultural misconceptions, family and gender issues and cultural dietary aspects. Sudan is a multicultural society, with African, Arab, Islamic and Christian roots. Examining the cultural aspects of a common disease such as diabetes is the first step in setting up culture-sensitive management programmes, and ultimately improving diabetes care. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Between Jew and Arab: The Lost Voice of Simon Rawidowicz , By David N. MyersRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 2 2010Scott Ury No abstract is available for this article. [source] Hatred of "Others" Among Jewish, Arab, and Palestinian Students in IsraelANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES & PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2002Dahlia Moore This study analyzes hatred against diverse sociopolitical groups and compares the social and political attitudes of three distinct and highly differentiated groups: Jewish, Arab, and Palestinian high school students in Israel and the Palestinian Authority. It examines their perceptions of the political context and aims to find the factors that influence the extremity of their hatred. Analysis of the data shows that the proposed model is more applicable to Jewish students than it is to Arabs and Palestinians, and shows that hatred toward outgroups is influenced by religiosity, the salience of national and civic identity, national security issues, and political ideology. [source] Front and Back Covers, Volume 26, Number 4.ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 4 2010August 2010 Front cover caption, volume 26 issue 4 Front cover THE GAZA FREEDOM FLOTILLA Mohammed Rassas, a second-generation Palestinian, sports a T-shirt declaring his longing for the homeland he has never known. Mohammed's family was forced to leave Palestine long before he was born, with no opportunity for return. Instead, Mohammed has lived most of his life between Saudi Arabia and Greece, which became his second home. For three weeks Mohammed joined dozens of Greek, Arab and Western volunteers in preparing the Greek ship Eleftheri Mesogeios (,Free Mediterranean'), to carry 2000 tons of humanitarian aid, including prefabricated houses and hospital equipment, to Gaza. The ship formed part of the Gaza Freedom Flotilla, an international effort by volunteers from 36 countries that aimed to send eight ships to Gaza, carrying 700 passengers and 10,000 tonnes of humanitarian aid, in an attempt to prise open the strict embargo Israel has imposed on the Gaza strip since 2007. The Israeli army attacked the flotilla in international waters, killing eight Turkish nationals and one Turkish-American national, and injuring many more. Flotilla participants were placed behind bars. Intending to propagate their own version of events, the Israeli authorities confiscated audio-visual records made by witnesses. As an ethnographer invited to participate in the flotilla, Nikolas Kosmatopoulos was a witness to the events that took place. His notes are published in the form of a narrative in this issue of ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY. Israel has so far rejected the UN's call for an international independent inquiry. The Turkish government has threatened to cut all ties with Israel unless it apologizes or agrees to such an inquiry. Back cover CLIMATE CHANGE ,There is no planet B': an estimated 100,000 people demonstrate at the Copenhagen Climate talks, 12 December 2009. Since the débâcle of the UN Climate talks in Copenhagen last December, a broad new global coalition of resistance has begun to emerge. It includes the Climate Camp protesters who took direct action against the coal-fired Kingsnorth power station and the fourth runway at Heathrow, the tens of thousands of demonstrators who joined the Wave in London in December and the estimated 100,000 who marched at Copenhagen. They join others who have intimate experience of melting sea ice and Andean glaciers, flooding in Bangladesh and New Orleans and droughts in Africa. In April, in Cochabamba, Bolivia, a conference of 35,000 people, many of them indigenous Americans, began to organize to protect themselves and Mother Earth , Pachamama , to avert catastrophic climate change. This new social movement poses a personal and professional challenge to anthropologists to integrate climate issues and global politics into the discipline and into their lives. [source] Identification of a recurrent mutation in the human hairless gene underlying atrichia with papular lesionsCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2005M. Massé Summary Identification of mutations in the hairless (HR) gene in patients with atrichia with papular lesions (APL) has proven of critical importance, as it provides a basis for the differentiation between APL and alopecia universalis. The establishment of the diagnostic criteria for APL has triggered the identification of a large number of APL patients among those suspected to suffer from alopecia universalis. This advancement has resulted in the discovery of an increasing number of hairless mutations in both consanguineous and nonconsanguineous APL families. Here, we report the identification of a homozygous mutation, 3434delC, in an APL patient of Arab--Palestinian descent. The proband is a 23-year-old female with generalized scalp and body alopecia. To confirm the diagnosis of APL and to identify the specific mutation, we sequenced the hairless gene. Sequencing of all exons of the hairless gene revealed a homozygous frameshift mutation, 3434delC, in exon 18. Interestingly, the same mutation was previously identified in an Arab--Israeli family. Our data suggest that the 3434delC mutation most likely represents a founder mutation in this geographical region. [source] The effect of a major event on stereotyping: terrorist attacks in Israel and Israeli adolescents' perceptions of Palestinians, Jordanians and ArabsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Daniel Bar-Tal This study examines the effect of a major event (terrorist attacks) on the stereotypic perceptions, attitudes and affects of 119 Israeli adolescents (56 males and 63 females of 5th and 8th grades) toward three target groups: (a) Palestinians, who still have conflictive relations with the Israelis (Palestinian extremists carried out the attacks), (b) Jordanians, who have peaceful relations with the Israelis and (c) Arabs, in general, who are considered a subcategory including Arabs of all nations. The questionnaires were administered to the same adolescents three times: during a relatively peaceful spell in Israeli,Palestinian relations; one day following two terrorist attacks, and three months thereafter. In the last administration adolescents' need for closure was also measured. Adolescents' perceptions, attitudes and affect toward the three target group were differentiated,relating to Palestinians most negatively and to Jordanians most positively. Also, following the terrorist attacks, stereotypic perceptions and attitudes changed in a negative direction, in relation to all the three groups; again with expressed differentiation among the three groups. In the third measurement, some measures remained negative, but some changed to be more positive. Only few effects of age were detected and several significant correlation with need for closure were found. These results indicate that stereotypes and attitudes toward outgroups are context-dependent, influenced by events; thus they serve as ,a seismograph' to the quality of intergroup relations at any given time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Israeli,Palestinian Road Block: Can Europeans Make a Difference?INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2004Rosemary Hollis Europe needs a resolution of the Israeli,Palestinian conflict for the sake of its own social harmony, and could reconfigure the calculations of the parties by inviting Israel to integrate into Europe's social, economic and security space in return for withdrawal from the West Bank, Gaza and Arab East Jerusalem. The idea would be to capitalize on the drive for separation that prevails in Israel and abandon an unrealistic policy that requires the Arabs to integrate Israel in the region. It is also time for Europe to face up to its own role in the problem and the solution, and demonstrate that anti-Semitism does not influence its policy. [source] Using the Rorschach for exploring the concept of transitional space within the political context of the Middle EastINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES, Issue 1 2005Shira Tibon Abstract The paper presents an application of a new Rorschach index, the Reality,Fantasy Scale (RFS) for evaluating the extent to which educated Israeli Jews and Arabs manifest a similar adaptive and functional ability in preserving psychic transitional space. The RFS is a psychodynamic oriented diagnostic tool, based on Exner's (1993) Comprehensive System for scoring and interpreting the Rorschach, and designed to operationalize Winnicott's (1971) concept of potential space. The scale is based on a paradigm that conceptualizes the Rorschach task as inviting the subject to enter the intermediate transitional space between inner and outer reality. The RFS ranges from ,5 to +5, and a score of zero indicates adaptive and functional use of potential space. The results point to a basic similarity between two groups of Jewish (n = 41) and Arab (n = 14) non-patients both using adaptively inner space between reality and fantasy. These results are discussed in terms of current psychoanalytic thought of relationality, political psychology research, cross-cultural personality assessment, and the empirical study of psychoanalytic concepts. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] The changing incidence and sites of colorectal cancer in the Israeli Arab population and their clinical implicationsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 1 2007Paul Rozen Abstract Israeli Arabs have been at low risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) and had mainly proximal cancer, but increasing CRC is now noted. We examined this trend and CRC site and compared them to the total Jewish population and to the low-risk Jews of Asian-African origin. Israel Cancer Registry CRC data, 1982,2002, for Arabs and Jews was computed by gender, age and site: rectal cancer included recto-sigmoid junction; "right-sided" CRC included the proximal colon up to and also the splenic flexure. During 1982,2002, Arab CRC trends increased significantly in both sexes due to left -sided CRC (women, p = 0.01; men, p = 0.02) and rectal cancers (p = 0.05). Left -sided CRC increased significantly in both men and women aged , 65 years (p = 0.02). Comparing 1982,1984 to 2000,2002, the proportion of right-sided CRC decreased in both genders (p < 0.01) from 39.4 to 27.1% of male CRC, and from 44.8 to 31.3% in females. In general, this pattern of increasing rectal and left-sided CRC had been seen over a decade earlier in Jews of Asian-African origin and then their trend reversed during the last decade. In conclusion, there is a recent trend for left-sided CRC in Israeli Arabs, probably related to their changing life style. These results should influence their cancer preventive lifestyle recommendations, and CRC screening and diagnostic methodologies used. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The perception and utilisation of social support in times of cultural change: the case of Arabs in IsraelINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 3 2008Faisal Azaiza Arabs in Israel are currently undergoing a modernisation process characterised by a gradual shift from a collectivistic to an individualistic cultural orientation. During such a transition, perceptions and utilisation of social support assume great significance. This article examines perceptions and utilisation patterns of social support networks among Arabs in Israel. The research population consisted of 507 respondents, representative of the Arab population, randomly selected by means of a telephone survey. Findings are discussed within the context of modernisation processes, collectivistic and individualistic cultural orientations, and their association with the perception and utilisation of social support. [source] Values and Commitment: A Test of Schwartz's Human Values Theory Among Arab Teachers in IsraelJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2010Aaron Cohen This study examines the relationship between individual-level values, using Schwartz's theory, and organizational and occupational commitment among Israeli Arabs. The sample includes 369 Arab teachers working in 14 schools in Arab communities in the north of Israel, with a response rate of 65%. The findings show a significant effect of 2 values,benevolence and conformity,on most organizational and occupational commitment dimensions, above and beyond the effect of demographic variables. The specific relationships found here are attributed to the characteristics of the sample. Implications of the findings for continuing research on this issue are emphasized. [source] Serum antioxidant and cholesterol levels in patients with different types of cancerJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 6 2001Clifford Abiaka Abstract Serum antioxidant (urate, ,-tocopherol) activity and cholesterol concentration in 142 patients of Indian and Arab (Kuwaitis and other Arabs) origin with different types of cancer (breast, colon, stomach, thyroid, oral, rectal, pancreatic, and renal) were compared to 100 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Values were expressed as medians (interquartile range). Urate concentration was significantly decreased in male patients compared to male controls (P < 0.0001) and in female patients and female breast cancer cases compared to female controls; P < 0.0001 and P = 0.001, respectively. ,-Tocopherol concentration decreased significantly in total cancer, stomach, colon, rectal, and breast cancer cases than the controls; P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.012, and P = 0.022, respectively. Cholesterol concentration decreased significantly in stomach, oral, colon, and total cancer cases compared to the controls; P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.002, and P = 0.012, respectively. Among controls, females had significantly (P < 0.0001) lower concentrations of ,-tocopherol than males. Among patients, cholesterol, urate, and ,-tocopherol concentrations decreased significantly in smokers than in nonsmokers; P < 0.0001, P = 0.004, and P = 0.047, respectively. Generally, changes in ,-tocopherol/cholesterol ratios mimicked changes in ,-tocopherol concentration. Concentrations of all parameters decreased significantly in male patients compared to male controls. Age was positively associated with all three analytes with respect to the controls. ,-Tocopherol correlated with cholesterol in cancer patients (r = 0.367; P < 0.0001) and with urate in the controls (r = 0.342; P < 0.0001). The data suggest cancer-related diminished synthesis of cholesterol and, generally, a greater antioxidant burden for ,-tocopherol than urate in cancer-generated oxidative stress. The increased incidence of pancreatic cancer in Kuwaitis warrants further study. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:324,330, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Hostile Media Perceptions, Presumed Media Influence, and Minority Alienation: The Case of Arabs in IsraelJOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 4 2007Yariv Tsfati This article examines the notion that minority perceptions of the strong influence of biased media coverage may indirectly lead to increased minority alienation. This idea was tested in the context of the perceived media stigmatization of Arab citizens in Israel. Using structural equation modeling (N= 251), it is demonstrated that, over and above the effects of ideological, social, and demographic variables, hostile media perceptions and the perceived influence of media coverage affected Arabs' perceived image and consequently their social alienation. Interestingly, the amount of exposure to mainstream Israeli media did not play a significant part in this process. However, exposure to Arab media significantly affected perceptions of hostile coverage. Résumé Perceptions des médias hostiles, influence présumée des médias et aliénation des minorités: Le cas des Arabes en Israël Cet article examine la notion selon laquelle les perceptions qu,ont des minorités de la forte influence d'une couverture médiatique biaisée puissent, indirectement, mener à une aliénation plus grande de ces minorités. Cette idée fut testée dans le contexte de la stigmatisation médiatique perçue par des citoyens arabes en Israël. Utilisant la modélisation par équation structurelle (N=251), il est démontré que, indépendamment de variables idéologiques, sociales et démographiques, les perceptions médiatiques hostiles et l,influence perçue de la couverture médiatique avaient une incidence sur l'image perçue des Arabes et, partant, sur leur aliénation sociale. Élément intéressant, le niveau d,exposition aux principaux médias israéliens n'a joué aucun rôle significatif dans ce processus. Toutefois, l,exposition aux médias arabes a eu un impact significatif sur les perceptions d'une couverture hostile. Abstract Feindselige Medienwahrnehmungen, ein unterstellter Einfluss der Medien und die Entfremdung von Minderheiten. Der Fall der Araber in Israel Der Beitrag untersucht die Annahme, dass die Wahrnehmung eines starken Einflusses einer verzerrten Medienberichterstattung bei einer Minderheit indirekt dazu führen kann, dass die Entfremdung dieser Minderheit zunimmt. Diese Annahme wurde im Kontext der wahrgenommenen Stigmatisierung von arabischen Bürgern in Israel untersucht. Mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellen (N=251) wird gezeigt, dass über den Einfluss von ideologischen, sozialen und soziodemographischen Variablen hinaus, die feindselige Medienwahrnehmung und der wahrgenommene Einfluss der Medienberichterstattung das Bild der Araber und folglich ihre soziale Entfremdung beeinflusst. Interessanterweise, spielte der Umfang der Nutzung der israelischen Hauptmedien keine signifikante Rolle in diesem Prozess. Allerdings beeinflusste die Nutzung arabischer Medien signifikant die Wahrnehmung einer feindseligen Berichterstattung. Resumen Las Percepciones Hostiles de los Medios, la Influencia Presunta de los Medios, y la Alienación de las Minorías: El Caso de los Árabes en Israel Este artículo examina la noción de que las percepciones de la minoría sobre la fuerte influencia de la cobertura tendenciosa de los medios pueden conducir indirectamente a un incremento de la alienación de la minoría. Ésta idea fue puesta a prueba en el contexto de la estigmatización percibida de los medios hacia los ciudadanos Árabes en Israel. Usando un Modelo de Ecuación Estructural (N=251), se demuestra que, por encima de los efectos de las variables ideológicas, sociales y demográficas, las percepciones hostiles de los medios y la influencia percibida de la cobertura de los medios afectó la imagen percibida de los Árabes, y consecuentemente su alineación social. Es interesante notar que la cantidad de exposición a la corriente dominante de los medios Israelíes no jugó un papel significativo en este proceso. No obstante, la exposición a los medios árabes afectó significativamente las percepciones de cobertura hostil. ZhaiYao Yo yak [source] Spousal relations and well-being: A comparative analysis of Jewish and Arab dual-earner families in IsraelJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Liat Kulik The study examined differences in division of household tasks and spousal support among a sample of educated dual-earner families from two national groups in Israel: Jews (n = 116), and Arabs (n = 163). The contribution of the spousal interaction variables (household roles and spousal support) toward explaining two dimensions of psychological well-being (burnout and life satisfaction) was also examined. The research findings indicate that in general, the Arabs maintain a more traditional orientation toward gender roles than their Jewish counterparts. Arab men showed a greater tendency to perform outside tasks than their Jewish counterparts who participate more in domestic chores. By contrast, no differences were found between the two groups with regard to the mutual support provided by spouses. Gender role attitudes were found to be a key predictor of the two psychological well-being dimensions in both national groups. Regarding sex differences, men of both nationalities were more likely than women to report that they perform all types of household tasks. Concomitantly, the women reported higher levels of burnout, while no differences between the sexes were found with respect to life satisfaction. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The association of exposure, risk, and resiliency factors with PTSD among Jews and Arabs exposed to repeated acts of terrorism in IsraelJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 1 2008Stevan E. Hobfoll Israel has faced ongoing terrorism since the beginning of the Al Aqsa Intifada in September 2000. The authors examined risk and resiliency factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 1,117 Jews and 394 Arab adult citizens of Israel during August and September 2004 through telephone interviews. Probable PTSD was found among 6.6% of Jews and 18.0% of Arabs. Predictors of probable PTSD in a multivariate model for Jews were refusal to report income, being traditionally religious, economic and psychosocial resource loss, greater traumatic growth, and lower social support. For Arabs, predictors were low education and economic resource loss among those exposed to terrorism. Findings for only those directly exposed to terrorism were similar to those for the overall national sample. [source] Parkinson's disease in Arabs: A systematic reviewMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 9 2008FRCP, Hani T.S. Benamer PhD Abstract Studies of specific populations have provided invaluable knowledge about Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in the field of genetics. The present report systematically reviews the medical literature on PD in Arabs. Medline and Embase were searched, and 24 article were identified: genetic (n = 17), epidemiological (n = 3), and clinical series (n = 5). Both autosomal dominant and recessive forms of inherited PD are described, associated with four genes (Parkin, PINK1, LRRK2, and PARK9). The G2019S LRRK2 mutation is more common in both familial (37,42%) and apparently sporadic PD (41%) in North African Arabs than in Europeans and North Americans (2,3%). The incidence of PD is reported at 4.5 per 100,000 person-years and reported prevalence at 27 to 43 per 100,000 persons. Hospital-based clinical series suggest that parkinsonism is the commonest movement disorder. Clinical features of PD in Arabs are not significantly different from those reported elsewhere. PD was reported as the cause of dementia in around 7% of Arabs. The majority of studies relate to the role of genes in the etiology of PD in North African Arabs. Further genetic, epidemiological and clinical studies from the majority of Arabic countries may enhance our understanding of PD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society. [source] Iraq's Marsh Arabs in the Garden of EdenAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 3 2005ROBERT McC. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Constructing a shared Bible Land: Jewish Israeli guiding performances for Protestant pilgrimsAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 2 2007JACKIE FELDMAN During biblical tours, Jewish Israeli guides and Protestant pastors become coproducers of a mutually satisfying performance that transforms the often-contested terrain of Israel,Palestine into Bible Land. Guides' emplaced performances of the Bible grant a significance to visitors' movement that constitutes the visitors as pilgrims. The professional authority of the guide is increased by his or her position as "reluctant witness" to scriptural truth and facilitated by historically transmitted practices of viewing, classifying history, and orientalizing shared by Protestants and Zionists. By examining guiding performances of orientation to biblical sites, I demonstrate how Zionist and Protestant understandings become naturalized while marginalizing Palestinian Arabs. [source] Extended family studies for the identification of allogeneic stem cell transplant donors in Jewish and Arabic patients in IsraelPEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2005T. Klein Abstract:, HLA-identified donors are the best source of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants, and are available in approximately 40% of cases. If no HLA-identical core family member is found, an extended family search may be performed. The aim of the study was to summarize the 10-year (1990,1999) experience of our tertiary care center with extended family donor search. During this period, 356 patients and 2659 of their family members were tissue-typed; 239 patients were Jewish (67%) and 117 were Arabic (33%). An HLA-identical core-family donor was identified for 168 patients (47%): 95 Jewish (40%) and 73 Arabic (62%) (p < 0.0001); 49 patients (14%) had more than one potential donor. An extended family search (grandmother/grandfather, aunts, uncles, etc.) was performed in 38 of the remaining families, which were found to be consanguineous: five Jewish and 33 Arabic. One HLA match was found in the Jewish families (20%) and 21 in the Arabic families (64%). The odds ratio for an Arabic patient to find a donor in the extended family search was 8.75, as opposed to a Jewish patient. Overall, HLA-matched donors were found by core and extended family search for 53% of the patients. The rate for Arabic patients was 80% and for Jewish patients, 40% (p < 0.001). This difference may be explained by the greater number of siblings and higher rate of consanguinity in the Arabic population. In conclusion, an extended family search for potential HLA-matched donors is worthwhile, especially in distinct ethnic populations with high consanguinity, such as Israeli Arabs. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||