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Myeloid Progenitors (myeloid + progenitor)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences50%
Life Sciences50%

Terms modified by Myeloid Progenitors

  • myeloid progenitor cell
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    Selected Abstracts

    Transcription factor Fli-1 expression by bone marrow cells in chronic myeloproliferative disorders is independent of an underlying JAK2 (V617F) mutation

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2006
    Oliver Bock
    Abstract:,Objectives:,Friend leukemia integration-1 (Fli-1), a member of the Ets gene family of transcription factors, has been demonstrated to be a target of a leukaemia inducing virus in mice, and is known to be part of a fusion gene in Ewings' sarcoma in humans. Wild-type Fli-1 is involved in lineage commitment of megakaryocytes and myeloid progenitors through induction of Janus kinases (JAKs) following ligand binding to cytokine and growth factor receptors. Proliferation of atypical megakaryocytes is a predominant histopathological feature in Philadelphia chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (Ph, CMPD) and a potential aberrant expression of Fli-1 has not been investigated so far. Methods:,Fli-1 expression was investigated by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in bone marrow cells derived from Ph, CMPD (n = 80) and non-neoplastic haematopoiesis (n = 21) following determination of the JAK2 status. Results:,Fli-1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) with JAK2 (V617F) compared with other Ph, CMPD and control (P < 0.001). By immunohistochemistry, Fli-1 protein could be detected in nuclei of atypical megakaryocytes in Ph, CMPD and, less accentuated, in non-neoplastic megakaryocytes. Fli-1 protein expression by myeloid progenitors was considerably heterogenous in Ph, CMPD independent of an underlying JAK2 (V617F) mutation and without notable differences to non-neoplastic haematopoiesis. Conclusion:,Fli-1 is rather constitutively expressed by bone marrow cells in Ph, CMPD independent of the underlying JAK2 status. The overall stronger labelling for Fli-1 in megakaryocytes in Ph, CMPD most likely reflects the degree of polyploidisation but aberrant activation of nuclear target genes can not be excluded. [source]

    Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in inflammation: Uncovering cell subsets with enhanced immunosuppressive functions

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 10 2009
    Vincenzo Bronte
    Abstract Although originally described in tumor-bearing hosts, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been detected under numerous pathological situations that cause enhanced demand of myeloid cells. Thus, MDSC might be part of a conserved response to different endogenous and exogenous stress signals, including inflammation. Two processes are fundamental for MDSC biology: differentiation from myeloid progenitors and full activation of their immune regulatory program by factors released from activated T cells or present in the microenvironment conditioned by either tumor growth or inflammation. How these two processes are controlled and linked is still an open question. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a paper demonstrates that a combination of the known inflammatory molecules, IFN-, and LPS, sustains MDSC expansion and activation while suppressing differentiation of DC from bone marrow precursors. Moreover, this paper contributes to defining the cell subsets that possess immunoregulatory properties within the broad population of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells, often altogether referred to as MDSC. [source]

    Rat choroid plexuses contain myeloid progenitors capable of differentiation toward macrophage or dendritic cell phenotypes

    GLIA, Issue 3 2006
    Serge Nataf
    Abstract The interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by the choroid plexuses (CPs), which are specialized structures located within the brain ventricles. They are composed of a vascularized stroma surrounded by a tight epithelium that controls molecular and cellular traffic between the blood and the CSF. Cells expressing myeloid markers are present within the choroidal stroma. However, the exact identity, maturation state, and functions of these CP-associated myeloid cells are not fully clarified. We show here that this cell population contains immature myeloid progenitors displaying a high proliferative potential. Thus, in neonate rats and, to a lesser extent, in adult rats, cultured CP stroma cells form large colonies of macrophages, in response to M-CSF or GM-CSF, while, under the same conditions, peripheral blood monocytes do not. In addition, under GM-CSF treatment, free-floating colonies of CD11c+ monocytic cells are generated which, when restimulated with GM-CSF and IL-4, differentiate into OX62+/MHC class II+ dendritic cells. Interestingly, in CP stroma cultures, myeloid cells are found in close association with fibroblastic-like cells expressing the neural stem-cell marker nestin. Similarly, in the developing brain, macrophages and nestin+ fibroblastic cells accumulate in vivo within the choroidal stroma. Taken together, these results suggest that the CP stroma represents a niche for myeloid progenitors and may serve as a reservoir for brain macrophages. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Some interfaces of dendritic cell biology

    APMIS, Issue 7-8 2003
    RALPH M. STEINMAN
    The field of dendritic cell (DC) biology is robust, with several new approaches to analyze their role in vivo and many newly recognized functions in the control of immunity and tolerance. There also is no shortage of mysteries and challenges. To introduce this volume, I would like to summarize four interfaces of DC research with other lines of investigation and highlight some current issues. One interface is with hematopoiesis. DCs constitute a distinct lineage of white blood cell development with some unique features, such as their origin from both lymphoid and myeloid progenitors, the existence of several distinct subsets, and an important final stage of differentiation termed "maturation," which occurs in response to inflammation and infection, and is pivotal for determining the subsequent immune response. A second interface is with lymphocyte biology. DCs are now known to influence many different classes of lymphocytes (B, NK, NKT) and many types of T cell responses (Th1/Th2, regulatory T cells, peripheral T cell deletion), not just the initial priming or induction of T cell-mediated immunity, which was the first function to be uncovered. DCs are sentinels, controlling many of the afferent or inductive limbs of immune function, alerting the immune system and controlling its early decisions. A third interface is with cell biology. This is a critical discipline to understand at the subcellular and molecular levels the distinct capacities of DCs to handle antigens, to move about the body in a directed way, to bind and activate lymphocytes, and to exert many quality controls on the type of responses, for both tolerance and immunity. A fourth interface is with medicine. Here DCs are providing new approaches to disease pathogenesis and therapy. This interface is perhaps the most demanding, because it requires research with humans. Human research currently is being slowed by the need to deal with many challenges in the design of such studies, and the need to excite, attract and support the young scientists who are essential to move human investigation forward. Nonetheless, DCs are providing new opportunities to study patients and the many clinical conditions that involve the immune system. [source]

    Signalling through TLR2/MyD88 induces differentiation of murine bone marrow stem and progenitor cells to functional phagocytes in response to Candida albicans

    CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
    Alberto Yáñez
    Summary We have previously demonstrated that inactivated yeasts and hyphae of Candida albicans induce in vitro the proliferation of murine haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs, sorted as LKS cells: Lin - c-Kit+ Sca-1+) as well as their differentiation to lineage-positive cells, through a MyD88-dependent pathway. In this work, we have found that this process is mainly mediated by TLR2, and that expanding cells express myeloid and not lymphoid markers. Incubation of long-term repopulating HSCs (Lin - CD105+ and Sca-1+) with C. albicans yeasts resulted in their proliferation and up regulation of the common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) markers, CD34 and Fc,RII/III, by a TLR2/MyD88-dependent signalling pathway. In addition, this TLR2/MyD88 signalling promotes the differentiation of CMPs and granulocyte and macrophage progenitors (GMPs) into cells with the morphology of macrophages and neutrophils, characterized by an increase in the expression of CD11b, F4/80 and Ly6G, independently of the presence of growth and differentiation factors. These differentiated cells were able to phagocytose C. albicans yeasts and to produce proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, C. albicans may be sensed by TLRs on haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to promote the host capability for rapidly replenishing myeloid cells that constitute the first line of defence against C. albicans. [source]