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Mycorrhizal Inoculation (mycorrhizal + inoculation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Earth and Environmental Science83%

Selected Abstracts

Integration of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation in hydroseeding technology: effects on plant growth and inter-species competition

LAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2007
V. Estaún
Abstract Hydroseeding is a technique increasingly used to establish vegetation on large degraded areas, such as large-scale road construction sites and quarries. Native grasses and legume species are used on rehabilitation and restoration projects as a first step in the recovery of such places, prior to the establishment of native forbs and shrubs that occurs at a slower pace. The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on the development of nine species of grasses and legumes that can be potentially used in restoration processes in the Mediterranean area was studied, in microcosm experiments under greenhouse conditions. The effect of adding arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum to a hydroseeding mixture was also investigated in greenhouse and in field conditions. In the hydroseeding experiments the mycorrhizal inoculum was added to the seed slurry in a jet agitated hydroseeding machine and sprayed to the soil surface with a pressurised spray in a one-step application. The study shows that Glomus intraradices Schenk & Smith BEG72 is able to establish the symbiosis when applied at sowing while Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe BEG116 is not. It also confirms that legumes are more highly mycotrophic than grasses. The results of the hydroseeding experiments demonstrate the establishment of the symbiosis using this technology, both in the greenhouse and in the field. Mycorrhizal inoculation improved above ground plant growth and increased the legumes/grasses ratio. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Cultivation of flax in spoil-bank clay: Mycorrhizal inoculation vs. high organic amendments

JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 6 2008
David Püschel
Abstract A greenhouse experiment was focused on the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in effective crop production during reclamation of coal-mine spoil banks. The aim of the study was to find out whether mycorrhizal inoculation improves growth of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and whether it can compensate for high doses of expensive organic amendment. Flax was planted in original spoil-bank gray Miocene clay amended with organic matter used for spoil-bank reclamation (mixture of composted urban waste and lignocellulose papermill waste). This amendment was applied in four descending doses equivalent to the application of 500, 200, 100, and 0 t ha,1. The plants received either a mixed inoculum of three AMF species (Glomus mosseae, G. claroideum, and G. intraradices) or were left uninoculated. Growth of flax was significantly increased by mycorrhizal inoculation in pure clay (by 60%) as well as in clay with all amendment doses (by 119% on average). Also, the addition of organic matter increased plant growth but, interestingly, the biomass production was comparable regardless the dose of amendment. Our results suggest that similar yields are attainable with only one fifth of the usual fertilization dose, which can significantly decrease costs related to the reclamation of spoil banks. If mycorrhizal inoculation is applied together with the optimized fertilization, growth of flax planted in spoil-bank clay can be further improved. [source]

Establishment of Retama sphaerocarpa L. seedlings on a degraded semiarid soil as influenced by mycorrhizal inoculation and sewage-sludge amendment

JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 5 2004
María del Mar Alguacil
Abstract A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, Glomus deserticola (Trappe, Bloss. & Menge), and Glomus mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe) and the addition of composted sewage sludge (SS) with respect to the establishment of Retama sphaerocarpa L. seedlings, in a semiarid Mediterranean area. Associated changes in soil chemical (nutrient content and labile carbon fractions), biochemical (enzyme activities), and physical (aggregate stability) parameters were observed. Six months after planting, both the addition of composted SS and the mycorrhizal-inoculation treatments had increased total N content, available-P content, and aggregate stability of the soil. Values of water-soluble C and water-soluble carbohydrates were increased only in the mycorrhizal-inoculation treatments. Rhizosphere soil from the mycorrhizal-inoculation treatments had significantly higher enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, protease-BAA, acid phosphatase, and ,-glucosidase) than the control soil. In the short-term, mycorrhizal inoculation with AM fungi was the most effective treatment for enhancement of shoot biomass, particularly with G. mosseae (about 146% higher with respect to control plants). The addition of the composted SS alone was sufficient to restore soil structural stability but was not effective with respect to improving the performance of R. sphaerocarpa plants. Besiedlung eines degradierten semiariden Bodens mit Retama sphaerocarpa L.-Setzlingen, beeinflusst durch Mykorrhiza-Inokulation und Klärschlammzugabe Ein Feldversuch wurde durchgeführt, um den Effekt einer Inokulation mit drei arbuskulären Mykorrhizapilzen (AM) (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, Glomus deserticola (Trappe, Bloss. & Menge) und Glomus mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe) einerseits und der Zugabe von kompostiertem Klärschlamm (SS) andererseits auf die Besiedlung von Retama sphaerocarpa L.-Setzlingen in einem mediterranen semiariden Gebiet zu untersuchen. Es wurden chemischer Nährstoffgehalt, labile C-Fraktion, biochemische Enzymaktivitäten und physikalische Bodenparameter (Aggregatstabilität) untersucht. Sechs Monate nach der Pflanzung erbrachten beide Behandlungen , die Zugabe von kompostiertem Klärschlamm und die Mykorrhiza-Inokulation , Steigerungen des Gesamtstickstoff-Gehaltes, des verfügbaren Phosphor-Gehaltes sowie der Aggregatstabilität des Bodens. Wasserlöslicher Kohlenstoff und wasserlösliche Kohlenhydrate waren nur nach Mykorrhiza-Inokulation erhöht. Boden aus der Rhizosphäre, der mit Mykorrhizapilzen inokuliert wurde, zeigte signifikant höhere Enzymaktivitäten (Dehydrogenase, Protease-BAA, saure Phosphatase und ,-Glucosidase) als der Kontrollboden. In der kurzen Periode war die Inokulation mit AM-Pilzen die effektivste Behandlung bei der Bildung von Sprossbiomasse, speziell bei G. mosseae (eine um über 146,% höhere Biomasse im Vergleich zu den Kontrollpflanzen). Die Zugabe von kompostiertem Klärschlamm allein war ausreichend, die Stabilität der Bodenstruktur wiederherzustellen, aber sie war nicht effektiv hinsichtlich der Entwicklung der R. sphaerocarpa -Pflanzen. [source]

Integration of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation in hydroseeding technology: effects on plant growth and inter-species competition

LAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2007
V. Estaún
Abstract Hydroseeding is a technique increasingly used to establish vegetation on large degraded areas, such as large-scale road construction sites and quarries. Native grasses and legume species are used on rehabilitation and restoration projects as a first step in the recovery of such places, prior to the establishment of native forbs and shrubs that occurs at a slower pace. The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on the development of nine species of grasses and legumes that can be potentially used in restoration processes in the Mediterranean area was studied, in microcosm experiments under greenhouse conditions. The effect of adding arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum to a hydroseeding mixture was also investigated in greenhouse and in field conditions. In the hydroseeding experiments the mycorrhizal inoculum was added to the seed slurry in a jet agitated hydroseeding machine and sprayed to the soil surface with a pressurised spray in a one-step application. The study shows that Glomus intraradices Schenk & Smith BEG72 is able to establish the symbiosis when applied at sowing while Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe BEG116 is not. It also confirms that legumes are more highly mycotrophic than grasses. The results of the hydroseeding experiments demonstrate the establishment of the symbiosis using this technology, both in the greenhouse and in the field. Mycorrhizal inoculation improved above ground plant growth and increased the legumes/grasses ratio. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

The promise and the potential consequences of the global transport of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum

ECOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 5 2006
Mark W. Schwartz
Abstract Advances in ecology during the past decade have led to a much more detailed understanding of the potential negative consequences of species' introductions. Moreover, recent studies of mycorrhizal symbionts have led to an increased knowledge of the potential utility of fungal inoculations in agricultural, horticultural and ecological management. The intentional movement of mycorrhizal fungal species is growing, but the concomitant potential for negative ecological consequences of invasions by mycorrhizal fungi is poorly understood. We assess the degree to which introductions of mycorrhizal fungi may lead to unintended negative, and potentially costly, consequences. Our purpose is to make recommendations regarding appropriate management guidelines and highlight top priority research needs. Given the difficulty in discerning invasive species problems associated with mycorrhizal inoculations, we recommend the following. First, careful assessment documenting the need for inoculation, and the likelihood of success, should be conducted prior to inoculation because inoculations are not universally beneficial. Second, invasive species problems are costly and often impossible to control by the time they are recognized. We recommend using local inoculum sources whenever possible. Third, non-sterile cultures of inoculum can result in the movement of saprobes and pathogens as well as mutualists. We recommend using material that has been produced through sterile culture when local inoculum is not available. Finally, life-history characteristics of inoculated fungi may provide general guidelines relative to the likelihood of establishment and spread. We recommend that, when using non-local fungi, managers choose fungal taxa that carry life-history traits that may minimize the likelihood of deleterious invasive species problems. Additional research is needed on the potential of mycorrhizal fungi to spread to non-target areas and cause ecological damage. [source]