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Multiple Uses (multiple + use)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Accuracy of a computerized tomography-guided template-assisted implant placement system: an in vitro study

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 10 2009
Jacob Horwitz
Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of computer-assisted 3D planning and implant insertion using computerized tomography (CT). Materials and methods: Nine implants were planned on pre-operative CTs of six resin models, which were acquired with radiographic templates, using a planning software (E implants). Each resin model contained three pre-existing control implants (C implants). Radiographic templates were converted into operative guides containing 4.8-mm-diameter titanium sleeves. A single set of insertable sleeves was used for consecutively drilling the six models, followed by implant insertion through the guide sleeves. Models were further divided into group A (the first three models) and group B (the last three models). Post-operative CTs were used to compare implant positions with pre-operative planned positions. Statistical analysis included the Mann,Whitney U test for E and C implants and the Wilcoxon's signed ranks test for groups A and B. Results: The mean apex depth deviations for E and C implants [0.49 mm±0.36 standard deviation (SD) and 0.32 mm±0.21 SD, respectively], and the mean apex radial deviations (0.63 mm±0.38 SD and 0.49 mm±0.17 SD, respectively) were similar (P>0.05). The mean angulation deviations for E and C implants were 2.17±1.06°SD and 1.33±0.69°SD, P<0.05. E implant deviations of all the parameters in group A were significantly smaller than E implant deviations in group B. Conclusions: Computer-assisted implant planning and insertion provides good accuracy. Deviations are mainly related to system and reproducibility errors. Multiple use of drills and titanium sleeves significantly reduces system accuracy. [source]

Chimpanzees in hepatitis C virus research: 1998,2007

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
R.H. Bettauer
Abstract Background, Chimpanzees have been widely used in hepatitis C virus (HCV) research, but their endangered status and high financial and ethical costs have prompted a closer review. Methods, One hundred and nine articles published in 1998,2007 were analyzed for the number of chimpanzees involved, experimental procedures, objectives and other relevant issues. Results, The articles described the use of 852 chimpanzees, but accounting for likely multiple uses, the number of individual chimpanzees involved here is estimated to be approximately 500. Most articles addressed immunology and inoculation studies. A significant portion of studies lasted for several months or years. Approximately one half of the individual chimpanzees were each used in 2,10 studies. Conclusions, Significant financial and scientific resources have been expended in these chimpanzee HCV studies. Discussion addresses troublesome questions presented by some of the reviewed articles, including statistical validity, repeatability, and biological relevance of this model. These concerns merit attention as future approaches to HCV research and research priorities are considered. [source]

Bringing the church to its knees: evangelical Christianity, feminism, and domestic violence discourse

PSYCHOTHERAPY AND POLITICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2007
Janice Haaken
Abstract In evangelical Christian communities, there is a small but significant movement to address the issue of domestic violence through the integration of ,biblical feminism' and traditional interpretations of scripture. This paper explores the multiple uses of domestic violence discourse in evangelical churches, including how categories such as domestic violence and family abuse may be used as a discursive strategy in resisting less readily articulated female grievances. Based primarily on participant observation of the Christians Addressing Family Abuse (CAFA) conference, the authors describe key conflicts that emerged between feminist and evangelical Christian frameworks, and the role of counseling principles in mediating conflicting understandings of domestic violence. The analysis explains how domestic violence has emerged as a focal point for women in both resisting and accommodating to church doctrine. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Embedding a strategic approach to river restoration in operational management processes , experiences in England,

AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue S1 2010
Chris P. Mainstone
Abstract 1. The restoration of riverine habitats that have been physically modified by man has gained momentum over the past two decades, driven by a number of objectives. Formalizing the planning and implementation of such activity, however, so that it demonstrably meets national and local environmental objectives without compromising essential societal needs such as flood risk management, has proved problematic. 2. This paper addresses the operational realities of river restoration in the UK as experienced in England by the authors, and in doing so attempts to provide a vision for how strategic planning and implementation of restoration measures sensitive to these realities might be introduced. Specifically, the paper explores: the prevailing perspectives on river restoration, shaped by both legislative drivers for ecosystem and biodiversity protection and the multiple uses made of rivers, their floodplains and catchments; how decisions have tended to be made to date and how the government agencies for environmental protection and biodiversity conservation in England are planning to make decisions in the future; the key obstacles to putting in place scientifically and technically robust, large-scale, long-term, economically viable plans for river restoration; the potential for using rivers with special conservation designations for wildlife as a springboard for a strategic approach to river restoration more widely. 3. The issues hindering a strategic operational approach to river restoration in England are common to the rest of the UK and other developed countries grappling with the enormity of the river restoration challenge. To make real progress with river restoration, an operational decision-making framework is needed that promotes progressive and strategic action but at the same time gives everyone confidence that such action is realistic and worthwhile. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]