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Multiple Settings (multiple + setting)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Effective Strategies for Implementing a Multicenter International Clinical Trial

JOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 2 2008
Leanne M. Aitken
Purpose:International collaboration in research is essential in order to improve worldwide health. The purpose of this paper is to describe strategies used to administer an international multicenter trial to assess the effectiveness of a nursing educational intervention. Design:The study design was a two-group randomized multicenter international clinical trial conducted to determine whether a brief education and counselling intervention delivered by a nurse could reduce prehospital delay in the event of symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients previously diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Method:A flexible but well-defined project structure showed intervention consistency in five sites among three countries and included experienced project coordinators, multidimensional communication methods, strategies to optimize intervention fidelity, site-specific recruitment and retention techniques, centralized data management, and consideration of ethical and budgetary requirements. Findings:Staff at five sites enrolled 3,522 participants from three countries and achieved 80% follow-up obtained at both 12 and 24 months. Conclusion:Multidimensional approaches to maintain consistency across study sites, while allowing flexibility to meet local expectations and needs, contributed to the success of this trial. Clinical Relevance:In order to support appropriate development of an evidence base for practice, nursing interventions should be tested in multiple settings. A range of strategies is described in this paper that proved effective in conducting a multicenter international trial. [source]

Relationships across multiple settings: An overview

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR YOUTH DEVELOPMENT, Issue 103 2004
Gil G. Noam
The quality and perception of the relationship between patient and therapist, student and teacher, mentee and mentor, and youth and youth worker is the most critical determinant of success in a myriad of fields. [source]

Relationship between health services outcomes and social and economic outcomes in workplace injury and disease: Data sources and methods,

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2001
Cam Mustard ScD
Abstract Background Understanding the mediating role of health care in mitigating social, economic and occupational role disability is a complex task. Methods No single method of research will be successful in addressing all elements of this NORA research priority area. In this paper, we argue that research methods are needed which have the following components: (1) the detailed measurement of therapeutic intervention and the impacts of this intervention on clinical and functional health status using study designs which rule out competing explanations, (2) a longitudinal follow-up component which measures social, economic, and occupational role function following the conclusion of therapy, and (3) a commitment to execute studies across multiple settings to observe the variations in health care and in social and occupational role function that arise as a result of differences in labor market factors and employer and government policies. Conclusions More comprehensive portraits of the longitudinal trajectory of individual workers, social, economic and occupational role function following an occupational injury or illness will have significance for a large number of policy sectors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:335,343, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Hypoxia enhances proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells

BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING, Issue 2 2010
Carlos A.V. Rodrigues
Abstract Neural stem (NS) cells can provide a source of material with potential applications for neural drug testing, developmental studies, or novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, the ex vivo expansion of a model system of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cell-derived NS cells was characterized and optimized, cells being cultivated under adherent conditions. Culture was first optimized in terms of initial cell plating density and oxygen concentration, known to strongly influence brain-derived NS cells. To this end, the growth of cells cultured under hypoxic (2%, 5%, and 10% O2) and normoxic (20% O2) conditions was compared. The results showed that 2,5% oxygen, without affecting multipotency, led to fold increase values in total cell number about twice higher than observed under 20% oxygen (20-fold vs. 10-fold, respectively) this effect being more pronounced when cells were plated at low density. With an optimal cell density of 104,cells/cm2, the maximum growth rates were 1.9,day,1 under hypoxia versus 1.7,day,1 under normoxia. Cell division kinetics analysis by flow cytometry based on PKH67 tracking showed that when cultured in hypoxia, cells are at least one divisional generation ahead compared to normoxia. In terms of cell cycle, a larger population in a quiescent G0 phase was observed in normoxic conditions. The optimization of NS cell culture performed here represents an important step toward the generation of a large number of neural cells from a reduced initial population, envisaging the potential application of these cells in multiple settings. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 260,270. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]