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Multiple Determinants (multiple + determinant)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	28%

Selected Abstracts

Explaining the "Natural Order of L2 Morpheme Acquisition" in English: A Meta-analysis of Multiple Determinants

LANGUAGE LEARNING, Issue S1 2005
Jennifer M. Goldschneider
This meta-analysis pools data from 25 years of research on the order of acquisition of English grammatical morphemes by students of English as a second language (ESL). Some researchers have posited a "natural" order of acquisition common to all ESL learners, but no single cause has been shown for this phenomenon. Our study investigated whether a combination of 5 determinants (perceptual salience, semantic complexity, morphophonological regularity, syntactic category, and frequency) accounts for the variance in acquisition order. Oral production data from 12 studies, together involving 924 participants, were pooled to obtain weighted accuracy scores for each of 6 grammatical functors. Results of a multiple-regression analysis showed that a large portion of the total variance in acquisition order was explained by the combination of the 5 determinants. Several of these determinants, it was argued, can be seen as part of a broad conceptualization of salience. Since the article was originally published, a number of meta-analyses have appeared in the applied linguistics literature (e.g., Masgoret & Gardner, 2003; Norris & Ortega, 2000; Ortega, 2003), and a book on meta-analysis in applied linguistics research is forthcoming (Norris & Ortega, in press). Meanwhile, research on the acquisition of Hebrew as a second language has begun to provide cross-linguistic evidence for how different aspects of salience contribute to ease or difficulty of second language acquisition (DeKeyser, Alfi-Shabtay, Ravid, & Shi, 2005) and how salience interacts with age of learning (DeKeyser, Ravid, & Alfi-Shabtay, 2005). [source]

Explaining the "Natural Order of L2 Morpheme Acquisition" in English: A Meta-analysis of Multiple Determinants

LANGUAGE LEARNING, Issue 1 2001
Jennifer M. Goldschneider
Some researchers have posited a &;ldquo;natural&;rdquo; order of acquisition of English grammatical morphemes common to all learners of English as a second language, but no single cause has been shown for this phenomenon. This meta-analysis investigated whether a combination of five determinants (perceptual salience, semantic complexity, morphophonological regularity, syntactic category, and frequency) accounts for a large part of the total variance found in acquisition order. Oral production data from 12 studies over almost 25 years, together involving 924 subjects, were pooled. Multiple regression analysis showed that a very large portion of the total variance in acquisition order is explained by the combination of the five determinants. We suggest research on other potential contributing factors and discuss the need for similar research in other languages. [source]

Multiple determinants influence root colonization and induction of induced systemic resistance by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6

MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2006
SONG HEE HAN
SUMMARY Colonization of the roots of tobacco by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 induces systemic resistance to the soft-rot pathogen, Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovara SCC1. A screen of the transposon mutants of P. chlororaphis O6 showed mutants with about a fivefold reduction in ability to induce systemic resistance to the soft-rot disease. These mutations disrupted genes involved in diverse functions: a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein, biosynthesis of purines, phospholipase C, transport of branched-chain amino acids and an ABC transporter. Additional mutations were detected in the intergenic spacer regions between genes encoding a GGDEF protein and fumarate dehydratase, and in genes of unknown function. The mutants in the ABC transporters did not display reduced root colonization. However, the other mutants had up to 100-fold reduced colonization levels. Generally the production of metabolites important for interactions in the rhizosphere, phenazines and siderophores, was not altered by the mutations. A reduced induction of systemic resistance by a purine biosynthesis mutant with a disrupted purM gene correlated with poor growth rate, lesser production of phenazines and siderophore and low levels of root colonization. These studies showed that multiple determinants are involved in the induction of systemic resistance, with there being a requirement for strong root colonization. [source]

Population-based controlled study of social support, self-perceived stress, activity and work issues, and access to health care in inflammatory bowel disease

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 4 2008
Linda Rogala RN
Abstract Background: The Manitoba IBD Cohort Study is a longitudinal, population-based study of multiple determinants of health outcomes in persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) diagnosed within 7 years at enrollment. In this cross-sectional substudy we compared IBD participants' levels of social support, self-perceived stress, disability, and access to healthcare with those of a matched community sample. Methods: IBD participants (n = 388) were interviewed using the Canadian Community Health Surveys (CCHS) 1.1 and 1.2 to assess psychosocial variables. The national CCHS data were accessed to extract a community comparison group, matched on age, sex, and geographic residence. Results: Compared to the community sample, IBD participants received more tangible, affective, or emotional support in the past year and were more likely to have experienced a positive social interaction. Those with IBD were as likely to be employed as those in the community sample, although they reported greater rates of reduced activity and days missed. Work was not identified as a significant source of stress, but physical health was more likely to be identified as a main stressor by those with active IBD compared to the non-IBD sample. Individuals with IBD were twice as likely to report unmet healthcare needs than the community sample; however, there was agreement across both groups regarding common barriers, including long waits and availability. Conclusions: While the disease may contribute to greater interference with work quality and daily activities, IBD patients have similar levels of stress and appear to have enhanced social supports relative to those in the community without IBD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008) [source]

Pulp Fiction: a clinical case study of screen violence,

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES, Issue 1 2005
James W. Hamilton
Abstract This paper demonstrates the multiple determinants of violent acting out in the film Pulp Fiction. A comparison between the contents of this work and the life of its director,scriptwriter reveals certain thematic parallels and offers a basis for understanding the attempt to master intrapsychic conflict through the cinematic creative process. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source]

Multiple determinants influence root colonization and induction of induced systemic resistance by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6

Life Course Health Development: An Integrated Framework for Developing Health, Policy, and Research

THE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2002
Neal Halfon
This article describes the Life Course Health Development (LCHD) framework, which was created to explain how health trajectories develop over an individual's lifetime and how this knowledge can guide new approaches to policy and research. Using recent research from the fields of public health, medicine, human development, and social sciences, the LCHD framework shows that ,Health is a consequence of multiple determinants operating in nested genetic, biological, behavioral, social, and economic contexts that change as a person develops. ,Health development is an adaptive process composed of multiple transactions between these contexts and the biobehavioral regulatory systems that define human functions. ,Different health trajectories are the product of cumulative risk and protective factors and other influences that are programmed into biobehavioral regulatory systems during critical and sensitive periods. ,The timing and sequence of biological, psychological, cultural, and historical events and experiences influence the health and development of both individuals and populations. The life course health development (LCHD) framework organizes research from several fields into a conceptual approach explaining how individual and population health develops and how developmental trajectories are determined by interactions between biological and environmental factors during the lifetime. This approach thus provides a construct for interpreting how people's experiences in the early years of life influence later health conditions and functional status. By focusing on the relationship between experiences and the biology of development, the LCHD framework offers a better understanding of how diseases occur. By suggesting new strategies for health measurement, service delivery, and research, as well as for improving health outcomes, this framework also supports health care-purchasing strategies to develop health throughout life and to build human health capital. [source]