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Multiple Antibiotics (multiple + antibiotics)
Selected AbstractsEnhancement of the efficacy of erythromycin in multiple antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacterial pathogensJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2008S. Saha Abstract Aims:, To improve the efficacy of erythromycin, a hydrophobic antibiotic, against multiple antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacterial pathogens by enhancing their outer membrane permeability. Methods and Results:, Fifty-one nonrepeat gram-negative bacterial pathogens of various genera, resistant to multiple antibiotics, including erythromycin, were selected by disc agar diffusion tests. The amphiphilic cationic steroid antibiotic, Ceragenin CSA-13, a potent permeabilizer of bacterial outer membranes, reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration of erythromycin in 92% of the bacterial pathogens selected for the test, when supplemented with erythromycin. A synergistic effect of Ceragenin CSA-13 and erythromycin in combination was also observed. Spectrofluorimetric study confirmed that Ceragenin CSA-13 acts by depolarizing the bacterial outer membrane. The toxicity of Ceragenin CSA-13 was evaluated to be insignificant by measuring ,median lethal dose' (LD50) on mouse model. Conclusions:, Ceragenin CSA-13 may be useful as an agent to make erythromycin effective against infections caused by multiple antibiotic resistant gram-negative bacteria. Significance and Impact of the Study:, The outcome of the study suggests erythromycin,Ceragenin combination as a new approach to overcome the problem associated with the rapid emergence of multi-drug-resistant pathogens. The insignificant toxicity of Ceragenin CSA-13, as found, supports the possibility of the application of this compound for human therapeutics. [source] Antibiotics: Has the magic gone?JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 5 2007Yogesh Chander Abstract The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has diminished the efficacy of several antibiotics that were used to treat infectious diseases in humans and animals. In recent years, the problem of antibiotic resistance has become more apparent as increasing numbers of bacteria have acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. Antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth through a variety of mechanisms including inhibition of cell wall or protein synthesis, interference with DNA (or RNA) replication, and disruption of metabolic pathways or cell membrane. Bacteria develop resistance through genetic mutations or by acquiring resistant genes involved in the production of antibiotic degrading enzymes, overproduction of target molecules, efflux pumps to drain out antibiotics, and/or altered cell wall permeability to survive adverse physiological conditions. Published literature suggests that sub-therapeutic feeding of food animals for growth promotion along with casual use of antibiotics in household products such as soaps and creams is contributing to increased antimicrobial resistance in the environment. If steps are not taken to minimize selective pressure on bacteria, the effectiveness of antibiotics (hailed as ,magic bullets') may be marginalized. Important steps in the judicious use of antibiotics on the farm are: (1) education of farmers on the pitfalls of using antibiotics sub-therapeutically in the production of food animals; (2) development of animal production practices that reduce dependence on antibiotics; and (3) development of manure disposal practices that minimize the spread of residual antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria into the environment. In addition, educating the general public on the use and misuse of antibiotics in daily life is also important if there is to be any significant impact on reducing the environmental spread of antibiotic resistance. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Anti-infectious activity of synbiotics in a novel mouse model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infectionMICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Enkhtuya Lkhagvadorj ABSTRACT The anti-infectious activity of synbiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection was evaluated using a novel lethal mouse model. Groups of 12 mice treated with multiple antibiotics were infected orally with a clinical isolate of MRSA at an inoculum of 108 CFU on day 7 after starting the antibiotics. A dose of 400 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was injected intraperitoneally on day 7 after the infection. A dose of 108 CFU Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult and 10 mg of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) were given orally to mice daily with the antibiotic treatment until day 28. The intestinal population levels of MRSA in the mice on multiple antibiotics were maintained stably at 108 CFU/g of intestinal contents after oral MRSA infection and the subsequent 5-FU treatment killed all the mice in the group within 14 days. B. breve administration saved most of the mice, but the synbiotic treatment saved all of the mice from lethal MRSA infection. The synbiotic treatment was effective for the treatment of intestinal infection caused by four MRSA strains with different toxin productions. There was a large difference among the six Bifidobacteria strains that were naturally resistant to the antibacterial drugs used. B. breve in combination with GOS is demonstrated to have valuable preventive and curative effects against even fatal MRSA infections. [source] Herpetic Infection in Epidermolysis BullosaPEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2006Adam I. Rubin M.D. Standard wound care practices advocate the use of special dressings on open erosions as well as antibiotic topical medications to treat and prevent cutaneous infections. We report a child with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa admitted to our institution because of fevers at home. She was treated with multiple antibiotics for a cutaneous infection of the right hand. During her hospital stay, she sustained persistent fevers, and oral erosions developed, with progressive hemorrhagic crusting. Viral culture of the lip grew herpes simplex virus type 1, consistent with a diagnosis of herpetic gingivostomatitis. We present this patient to illustrate the importance of investigating wounds of epidermolysis bullosa patients for viral agents when faced with managing a child with an unclear source of fever. To the best of our knowledge, although this is the first report of herpetic gingivostomatitis in association with epidermolysis bullosa, it is likely to be more prevalent than the literature could suggest. [source] Changes in antimicrobial resistance, serotypes and genotypes in Streptococcus pneumoniae over a 30-year periodCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 5 2010J. Liñares Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16: 402,410 Abstract Over the past three decades, antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has dramatically increased worldwide. Non-susceptibility to penicillin in S. pneumoniae was first described in Australia in 1967, and later in New Guinea (1974), South Africa (1977), and Spain (1979). Most of these strains showed resistance to multiple antibiotics and belonged to serotypes 6A, 6B, 19A, 19F, and 23F. By the late 1980s and 1990s, the emergence and rapid dissemination of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci was observed in southern and eastern Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Asia. Great geographical variability, both in serotype distribution and in the prevalence of resistant pneumococci, has been reported. However, the highest rates of resistance to penicillin and erythromycin worldwide were found in serotypes 6B, 6A, 9V, 14, 15A, 19F, 19A, and 23F. The introduction of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in the 2000s and a reduction in antimicrobial use were associated with a significant decline in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections and in rates of antibiotic resistance in the USA. However, an increase in the incidence of infections caused by non-PCV7 serotypes, especially multiresistant serotype 19A pneumococci, has been observed in many countries over the last 5 years. The dynamic character of serotypes and antibiotic resistance in S. pneumoniae should be controlled by a policy of prudent antibiotic use and by implementation of the new generation of conjugate vaccines. [source] | |||||||||||||