Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Multiple Adjustments (multiple + adjustment)
Selected AbstractsAssociation between apolipoprotein E ,4 allele and apathy in probable Alzheimer's diseaseACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2006R. Monastero Objective:, There have been inconclusive results to date on the association between the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated whether ApoE ,4 allele is associated with NPS in probable AD. Method:, Data for 197 subjects with probable AD were analysed. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to evaluate the frequency and severity of NPS. Multiple logistic regression models were used to test the association between ApoE genotype and NPS in AD. Results:, The ApoE ,3/3 genotype was present in 52.3%, ,3/4 in 44.1%, and ,4/4 in 3.6% of patients. ApoE ,4 carriers showed a higher frequency of apathy than non-carriers. After multiple adjustments, the ApoE ,4 allele was significantly associated with apathy. Conclusion:, Our results suggest a relationship between the ApoE ,4 allele and apathy in patients with AD. [source] What predicts the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome in a population-based cohort of adult healthy subjects?DIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 1 2009S. Bo Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MS), the concurrence of hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and visceral obesity, increases cardiovascular risk and mortality. Predictors of MS were previously evaluated in patients without the full syndrome, but with some of its traits. This might confound the resulting associations. Methods The relationship between baseline variables and MS development was evaluated in healthy middle-aged subjects without any MS component at baseline, over a 4.5-year follow-up. Results From a population-based cohort of 1658 subjects, 241 individuals showed no MS components and 201 (83.4%) of them participated in a follow-up screening. At baseline, patients who developed the MS (n = 28/201; 13.9%) showed significantly higher Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance score (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) values, and lower exercise level than subjects who did not. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, after multiple adjustments, the only baseline variable significantly (p < 0.01) associated with the MS was CRP (OR = 4.05; 95% CI 2.23,7.38; p < 0.001). Results did not change after adjusting for weight gain. The area under the receiver-operating curve was 0.83 for CRP after multiple adjustments. The optimal cut-off point of baseline CRP values was 2.1 mg/L, with 86% (95% CI 81,90) sensitivity and 75% (69,81) specificity in predicting the MS. Baseline CRP resulted associated with after-study glucose values in a multiple regression model (, = 0.14; 0.08,0.20; p < 0.001). Conclusions Higher baseline CRP values confer a significant increased risk of developing the MS in healthy subjects, independently of weight gain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Persistent cognitive decline in older hospitalized patients in TaiwanJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 9 2010Cheryl Chia-Hui Chen chen c.c.-h., chang y.-c., huang g.-h., peng j.-h. & tseng c.-n. (2010) Persistent cognitive decline in older hospitalized patients in Taiwan. Journal of Advanced Nursing,66(9), 1991,2001. Abstract Aim., This paper is a report of a study conducted to determine the prevalence and predictors of persistent and transient cognitive decline in older hospitalized patients over 6 months after hospital discharge. Background., Cognitive decline occurs in 16,35·5% of older hospitalized patients, but this decline may be persistent rather than transient. Distinguishing persistent from transient cognitive decline is clinically useful. Methods., For this prospective cohort study, 291 older patients were recruited from five medical and surgical units at a tertiary medical centre in Taiwan between 2004 and 2006. Participants were assessed for cognitive status by scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination at admission, discharge, 3 and 6 months postdischarge. Persistent cognitive decline was defined as continuing score reduction and ,3-point reduction 6 months postdischarge. Transient decline was defined as ,3-point reduction at some stage, with a total decline <3 points 6 months postdischarge. Findings., The cognitive status of the majority of participants (57·4%, n = 167) decreased ,3 points during follow-up. Of these decliners, 59 (35·3%) had persistent cognitive decline, with an average 5·32-point reduction 6 months postdischarge. Forty-six (27·5%) participants experienced transient cognitive decline. After multiple adjustments in logistic regression analysis, persistent decline was predicted by no in-hospital functional decline (OR = 0·16, P = 0·002), more re-admissions after discharge (OR = 2·42, P = 0·020), and older age (OR = 1·09, P = 0·048). Conclusion., A new perspective is needed on discharge planning on patients at risk for persistent cognitive decline. Nurses can oversee the delivery of care, identify cognitive decline, refer patients, and educate families on strategies to enhance cognitive functioning for their aging relatives. [source] Prevalence and risk of colorectal adenoma in asymptomatic Koreans aged 40,49 years undergoing screening colonoscopyJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Su Jin Chung Abstract Background and Aim:, Colorectal cancer screening is recommended for average-risk persons beginning at age 50. However, information about the incidence and risk factors of precursor adenoma in preceding decades is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of colorectal adenoma in persons aged 40,49 years and to compare the data with those aged 30,39 years and 50,59 years. Methods:, A cross-sectional study of 5254 asymptomatic subjects who underwent screening colonoscopy was conducted. Data were stratified by age into three groups: 608 aged 30,39 years, 1930 aged 40,49 years, and 2716 aged 50,59 years. Results:, Prevalence of overall adenomas was 10.4% in the 30,39 years age group, 22.2% in the 40,49 years age group, and 32.8% in the 50,59 years age group. Advanced adenoma was found in 0.7% of the 30,39 years age group, 2.7% of the 40,49 years age group, and 4.1% of the 50,59 years age group. In the 40,49 years age group, male sex and current smoking habits showed associations with low-risk adenoma after multiple adjustments. Moreover, male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02,3.23), current smoking (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.06,3.50), and family history of colorectal cancer (OR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.16,5.56) were independent predictors of advanced adenoma in this age group. Conclusions:, Prevalence of adenoma in subjects aged 40,49 years was higher than in previous studies. Male sex and current smoking habits along with a family history of colorectal cancer were associated with advanced adenoma in this age group. [source] Seeing other women breastfeed: how vicarious experience relates to breastfeeding intention and behaviourMATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION, Issue 2 2010Pat Hoddinott Abstract Vicarious experience gained through seeing women breastfeed may influence infant feeding decisions and self-efficacy. Our aim was to measure the attributes of seeing breastfeeding and to investigate how these relate to feeding intention (primary outcome) and behaviour (secondary outcome). First, we developed a Seeing Breastfeeding Scale (SBS), which consisted of five attitudes (Cronbach's alpha of 0.86) to most recently observed breastfeeding: ,I felt embarrassed'; ,I felt uncomfortable'; ,I did not know where to look'; and ,It was lovely' and ,It didn't bother me'. Test,retest reliability showed agreement (with one exception, kappas ranged from 0.36 to 0.71). Second, we conducted a longitudinal survey of 418 consecutive pregnant women in rural Scotland. We selected the 259 women who had never breastfed before for further analysis. Following multiple adjustments, women who agreed that ,It was lovely to see her breastfeed' were more than six times more likely to intend to breastfeed compared with women who disagreed with the statement [odds ratio (OR) 6.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.85,15.82]. Women who completed their full-time education aged 17 (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.41,6.77) or aged 19 (OR 7.41 95% CI 2.51,21.94) were more likely to initiate breastfeeding. Women who reported seeing breastfeeding within the preceding 12 months were significantly more likely to agree with the statement ,It was lovely to see her breastfeed' (P = 0.02). Positive attitudes to recently seen breastfeeding are more important determinants of feeding intention than age of first seeing breastfeeding, the relationship to the person seen and seeing breastfeeding in the media. [source] | ||||||||||