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Multiparous Sows (multiparous + sow)
Selected AbstractsExpression of Progesterone Receptor in the Utero-tubal Junction After Intra-uterine and Deep Intra-uterine Insemination in SowsREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 5 2010P Tummaruk Contents The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of progesterone receptor (PR) in the utero-tubal junction (UTJ) of sows at 24 h after intra-uterine insemination (IUI) and deep intra-uterine insemination (DIUI) compared with conventional artificial insemination (AI) in pigs. Fifteen multiparous sows were used: AI (n = 5), IUI (n = 5) and DIUI (n = 5). The sows were inseminated with a single dose of diluted semen during the second oestrus after weaning at 6,8 h prior to ovulation (AI: 3000 × 106 spermatozoa, IUI: 1000 × 106 spermatozoa and DIUI: 150 × 106 spermatozoa). The UTJ was collected and subject to immunohistochemical staining using avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique with mouse monoclonal antibody to PR. In the oviductal part of the UTJ, the intensity of PR in the tunica muscularis and the proportion of PR-positive cells in the surface epithelium after DIUI were lower than AI (p < 0.05). The intensity and the proportion of PR-positive cells between AI and IUI in all compartments of the UTJ did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). When comparing between tissue compartments, prominent staining was observed in the muscular layer of the UTJ. It could be concluded that the expression of PR in the UTJ prior to fertilization after DIUI with a reduced number of spermatozoa was lower than that after AI. This might influence sperm transportation and the fertilization process. [source] Number of Spermatozoa in the Crypts of the Sperm Reservoir at About 24 h After a Low-Dose Intrauterine and Deep Intrauterine Insemination in SowsREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 2 2010P Tummaruk Contents The aim of this study was to investigate the number of spermatozoa in the crypts of the utero-tubal junction (UTJ) and the oviduct of sows approximately 24 h after intrauterine insemination (IUI) and deep intrauterine insemination (DIUI) and compared with that of conventional artificial insemination (AI). Fifteen crossbred Landrace × Yorkshire (LY) multiparous sows were used in the experiment. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed every 4 h to examine the time of ovulation in relation to oestrous behaviour. The sows were inseminated with a single dose of diluted fresh semen by the AI (n = 5), IUI (n = 5) and DIUI (n = 5) at approximately 6,8 h prior to the expected time of ovulation, during the second oestrus after weaning. The sperm dose contained 3000 × 106 spermatozoa in 100 ml for AI, 1,000 × 106 spermatozoa in 50 ml for IUI and 150 × 106 spermatozoa in 5 ml for DIUI. The sows were anaesthetized and ovario-hysterectomized approximately 24 h after insemination. The oviducts and the proximal part of the uterine horns (1 cm) on each side of the reproductive tracts were collected. The section was divided into four parts, i.e. UTJ, caudal isthmus, cranial isthmus and ampulla. The spermatozoa in the lumen in each part were flushed several times with phosphate buffer solution. After flushing, the UTJ and all parts of the oviducts were immersed in a 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. The UTJ and each part of the oviducts were cut into four equal parts and embedded in a paraffin block. The tissue sections were transversely sectioned to a thickness of 5 ,m. Every fifth serial section was mounted and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The total number of spermatozoa from 32 sections in each parts of the tissue (16 sections from the left side and 16 sections from the right side) was determined under light microscope. The results reveal that most of the spermatozoa in the histological section were located in groups in the epithelial crypts. The means of the total number of spermatozoa in the sperm reservoir (UTJ and caudal isthmus) were 2296, 729 and 22 cells in AI, IUI and DIUI groups, respectively (p < 0.01). The spermatozoa were found on both sides of the sperm reservoir in all sows in the AI and the IUI groups. For the DIUI group, spermatozoa were not found on any side of the sperm reservoir in three out of five sows, found in unilateral side of the sperm reservoir in one sow and found in both sides of the sperm reservoir in one sow. No spermatozoa were found in the cranial isthmus, while only one spermatozoon was found in the ampulla part of a sow in the IUI group. In conclusion, DIUI resulted in a significantly lower number of spermatozoa in the sperm reservoir approximately 24 h after insemination compared with AI and IUI. Spermatozoa could be obtained from both sides of the sperm reservoir after AI and IUI but in one out of five sows inseminated by DIUI. [source] Effect of Weaning to Oestrus Interval and Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin on Vaginal Electrical Impedance During Peri-oestrus in SowsREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 6 2009Contents The influence of weaning to oestrus interval, its interaction with parity and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on changes of vaginal impedance in sows after weaning was examined. The impedance measurements were carried out by a four-terminal method. Sows were monitored for oestrus via exposure to a sexually mature boar. The interval from weaning to oestrus was longer in primiparous than multiparous sows (p < 0.01). A significant negative correlation was found between the interval from weaning to oestrus and parity. Repeated measures analysis showed that the interval from weaning to oestrus and parity and their interactions had a significant effect on the vaginal impedance in peri-oestrus. The vaginal impedance during pro-oestrus gradually decreased in all groups of sows with the weaning to oestrus interval from 4 to 8 days (p < 0.05). In the subsequent period, the vaginal impedance increased and was significantly lower from 1 to 3 days after oestrus onset in sows with the weaning to oestrus interval 7,8 days than 4,6 days. Similarly, the vaginal impedance during pro-oestrus gradually decreased in all groups of sows with parity 1,5 (p < 0.01). In the next period, the vaginal impedance increased and was significantly lower from 2,3 days after oestrus onset in sows of parity 1 than parity 2,5. Repeated measures analysis showed that eCG treatment had a significant effect on the vaginal impedance in peri-oestrus. Sows treated with eCG displayed the decrease and increase of vaginal impedance due to oestrus onset earlier than untreated sows. The results indicate that the weaning to oestrus interval, its interaction with parity and eCG markedly affect the vaginal impedance in sows during peri-oestrus. [source] Immunohistochemical Studies on Oestrogen Receptor Alpha (ER,) and the Proliferative Marker Ki-67 in the Sow Uterus at Different Stages of the Oestrous CycleREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 1 2003S Sukjumlong Contents In order to better understand physiological changes during the different stages of the oestrous cycle, immunohistochemistry was used in the present study to investigate the distribution of oestrogen receptor alpha (ER,) as well as the proliferative marker Ki-67, in the sow uterus during the oestrous cycle. Uterine samples were collected from multiparous sows with normal reproductive performance at selected stages of the oestrous cycle: at late dioestrus (d 17), prooestrus (d 19), oestrous (d 1), early dioestrus (d 4) and dioestrus (d 11,12), respectively. The tissue samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and subjected to immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against ER, (C-311) and Ki-67 (MM-1). In general, the immunostaining of both ER, and Ki-67 was confined to nuclei of the target cells. Variations were seen, not only at the different stages of the oestrous cycle, but also in the different tissue compartments of the uterus. In the epithelia, the strongest ER, staining and highest amount of positive Ki-67 cells were found at early dioestrus. In the myometrium, the highest levels of staining of both ER, and Ki-67 positive cells were found at pro-oestrus and oestrus. For the proliferative marker, Ki-67, no positive cells were found at dioestrus and late dioestrus in the epithelium and myometrium. In the connective tissue stroma (subepithelial layer), the highest number of ER, positive cells were found at oestrus, which was significantly different compared with other stages (p,0.05), whereas the levels of Ki-67 positive cells were relatively low and did not differ between the stages examined. Significant correlations between the number of ER, positive cells in the stroma and Ki-67 positive cells in the epithelia were observed. This suggests indirect regulatory mechanisms on epithelial proliferation via ER, in the stroma. In conclusion, these findings in the sow uterus show that the presence of ER, as well as Ki-67 protein varies not only between different stages of the oestrous cycle but also between different tissue compartments of the uterus. These findings indicate various regulatory mechanisms and stress the importance of localising ER, and proliferating cells in different uterine tissues. [source] Postovulatory Effect of Intravenous Administration of Lipopolysaccharide (E. coli, O55:B5) on the Contractile Activity of the Oviduct, Ova Transport, Binding of Accessory Spermatozoa to the Zona Pellucida and Embryo Development in SowsREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 5 2002AM Mwanza Contents The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (E. coli, O55:B5), administered 18 h after ovulation in the second oestrus after weaning, on the contractile activity of the oviduct, ova transport, sperm binding to zona pellucida (ZP) and embryo development, was studied in 14 Swedish crossbred (Landrace Yorkshire) multiparous sows. The endotoxin group (E-group) sows were administered with 300 ng/kg of LPS while the control group (C-group) sows were administered with 5 ml of saline i.v. via an indwelling jugular cannula. Immediately after evidence of standing oestrus, a Millar® pressure transducer was placed intraluminally about 3 cm into the mid-isthmus, via laparotomy. Pressure recordings of the oviduct were collected from all conscious sows until slaughter. After slaughter, the genital tract opposite to the side with the transducer was retrieved, and three equal isthmic segments and the first third of the uterine horn part adjacent to the utero-tubal-junction (UTJ) were flushed separately to recover the ova. The intervals (mean±SD) from ovulation to slaughter (OS) and insemination to ovulation (IO) were not different between the E-group (44.5±5.7 h; 13.3±6.5 h) and the C-group (42.7±5.9 h; 14.8±4.1 h), respectively. Ova recovery rate (RR) in the E-group (80.2±22.9%) did not differ from that in the C-group (85.2±4.5%). The frequency distribution of ova recovered in the different segments did not significantly (p>0.05) differ between the groups. The E-group showed higher cleavage rate than controls. A higher proportion of spermatozoa bound to the ZP was also found in the E-group compared with controls. The isthmic intraluminal pressure slightly increased (p=0.07) 18 h after ovulation and immediately following LPS in the E-group, compared with the C-group. The frequencies of phasic pressure fluctuations were significantly (p<0.05) lower at 30 and 38 h after ovulation in the E- than in the C-group. It can be concluded from the present study that a single i.v. administration of LPS (300 ng/kg body weight) to sows, 18 h after ovulation might be associated with changes in isthmic pressure and the frequency of phasic pressure fluctuations, increased numbers of spermatozoa attached to the ZP and an enhanced embryo development but not with ova transport rates. [source] Effects of dietary glucose level during late gestation on litter performance and glucose concentration in sowsANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009Young-Keun HAN ABSTRACT The effects of feeding glucose during the 5 days before parturition on litter performance and on glucose concentration in sows were studied. At day 100 of gestation, 130 multiparous sows were assigned to the treatments. Late gestating sows were fed 0 g, 150 g, 250 g, 350 g and 450 g of glucose a day, respectively. During lactation, all sows were given free access to the same lactation diet (without glucose). One day before parturition, blood samples were collected from 30 sows (6 sows per treatment) at 10 before and 20, 40, 60 and 80 min after the meal. The supply of additional dietary glucose increased piglet birth weight (P < 0.05). Feed intake in week 1 and week 1,4 of lactation was greatest in sows fed the 0% glucose diet, least by sows fed the 18% glucose diet, and intermediate by sows fed the 6, 10, 14% glucose diets (P < 0.05). Basal glucose concentration and time of maximum glucose concentration after glucose intake were not affected by dietary treatment in the last 5 days of gestation. The sows fed the 14 and 18% glucose diets had greater maximum increase in glucose concentration than sows fed diet without glucose (P < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding glucose to sows during 5 days before parturition increased birth weight of live-born piglet and decreased sows feed intake during lactation, but did not affect the performance of sows and piglets. [source] Serovar profiling of Haemophilus parasuis on Australian farms by sampling live pigsAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 7 2010C Turni Objective Investigate the diversity of serovars of Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) present in Australian pig herds. Design Nasal swabs were used to obtain multiple isolates of Hps, which were grouped first by genotyping and then by serotyping representative isolates. Procedure Swabs were taken from the nasal cavity of just-weaned healthy pigs from multiparous sows on 12 farms and from post-weaned pigs of multiparous sows on 1 farm. On 5 of the 13 farms, nasal swabs were also obtained from pigs showing clinical signs suggestive of Glässer's disease. On a further 7 farms, nasal swabs were obtained only from pigs with clinical signs suggestive of Glässer's disease. Results A total of 556 Hps isolates were genotyped, and 150 isolates were serotyped. Hps was detected on 19 of the 20 farms, including 2 farms with a long history of freedom from Glässer's disease. Isolates of Hps belonging to serovars regarded as potentially pathogenic were obtained from healthy pigs at weaning on 8 of the 10 farms with a history of Glässer's disease outbreaks. Sampling 213 sick pigs yielded 115 isolates of Hps, 99 of which belonged to serovars that were either potentially pathogenic or of unknown pathogenicity. Only 16 isolates from these 213 sick pigs were of a serovar known to be non-pathogenic. Conclusion Healthy pigs contain a range of Hps serovars, even on farms free of Glässer's disease. Nasal swabbing of both healthy and sick pigs seems a useful method of serovar profiling of farms. [source] | ||||||||||