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Multifaceted Approach (multifaceted + approach)
Selected AbstractsThe heel and toe of the cell's foot: A multifaceted approach for understanding the structure and dynamics of focal adhesionsCYTOSKELETON, Issue 11 2009Haguy Wolfenson Abstract Focal adhesions (FAs) are large clusters of transmembrane receptors of the integrin family and a multitude of associated cytoplasmic "plaque" proteins, which connect the extracellular matrix-bound receptors with the actin cytoskeleton. The formation of nearly stationary FAs defines a boundary between the dense and highly dynamic actin network in lamellipodium and the sparser and more diverse cytoskeletal organization in the lamella proper, creating a template for the organization of the entire actin network. The major "mechanical" and "sensory" functions of FAs; namely, the nucleation and regulation of the contractile, myosin-II-containing stress fibers and the mechanosensing of external surfaces depend, to a major extent, on the dynamics of molecular components within FAs. A central element in FA regulation concerns the positive feedback loop, based on the most intriguing feature of FAs; that is, their dependence on mechanical tension developing by the growing stress fibers. FAs grow in response to such tension, and rapidly disassemble upon its relaxation. In this article, we address the mechanistic relationships between the process of FA development, maturation and dissociation and the dynamic molecular events, which take place in different regions of the FA, primarily in the distal end of this structure (the "toe") and the proximal "heel," and discuss the central role of local mechanical forces in orchestrating the complex interplay between FAs and the actin system. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 66: 1017,1029, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Detection of Malingered PTSD: An Overview of Clinical, Psychometric, and Physiological Assessment: Where Do We Stand?JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 3 2007Ryan C. W. Hall M.D. ABSTRACT: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that can be easily malingered for secondary gain. For this reason, it is important for physicians to understand the phenomenology of true PTSD and indicators that suggest an individual is malingering. This paper reviews the prevalence of PTSD for both the general population and for specific events, such as rape and terrorism, to familiarize evaluators with the frequency of its occurrence. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD, as well as potential ambiguities in the criteria, such as what constitutes an exposure to a traumatic event, are reviewed. Identified risk factors are reviewed as a potential way to help differentiate true cases of PTSD from malingered cases. The question of symptom overreporting as a feature of the disease versus a sign of malingering is discussed. We then examine how the clinician can use the clinical interview (e.g., SIRS, CAPS), psychometric testing, and the patient's physiological responses to detect malingering. Particular attention is paid to research on the MMPI and the subscales of infrequency (F), infrequency-psychopathology (Fp), and infrequency-posttraumatic stress disorder (Fptsd). Research and questions regarding the accuracy of self-report questionnaires, specifically the Mississippi Scale (MSS) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), are examined. Validity, usability, and cutoff values for other psychometric tests, checklists, and physiological tests are discussed. The review includes a case, which shows how an individual used symptom checklist information to malinger PTSD and the inconsistencies in his story that the evaluator detected. We conclude with a discussion regarding future diagnostic criteria and suggestions for research, including a systematic multifaceted approach to identify malingering. [source] Managing and leading the infection prevention initiativeJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 6 2007CAROL PELLOWE BA Hons Aim, To review the national response to health care-associated infection and that of nurses in particular. Background, Health care-associated infections have emerged as a significant threat to quality care and preventing it is now a national priority. Evaluation, This paper considers the key government initiatives to address health care-associated infection. Key issues, The government has adopted a multifaceted approach to tackle this problem, the most crucial of which was to develop the evidence base to support practice. Now that is established, education and training have become the next priority. Conclusion, While health care-associated infection remains a government priority, trusts will find it difficult to meet the demands of the Code of Practice and fulfil other government priorities. Implications for nursing management, Managers need to be aware of the extent of the problem, its causes and the initiatives both nationally and locally to address the situation so that they can maintain support for these initiatives. [source] Sexual Orientation and Sex in Women's Lives: Conceptual and Methodological IssuesJOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Issue 2 2000Esther D. Rothblum Use of such categorical terms as heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian is widespread, yet research indicates that sexuality is a multidimensional phenomenon. Sexual behavior, identity, and desire are not highly intercorrelated for women, and this has implications for new ways of conceptualizing sexual orientation. Furthermore, the multifaceted nature of sexual orientation has implications for conceptualizing sexual activity and sexual desire for women. Some methodological issues are presented for future research on female sexual orientation, including a better understanding of gender and a more multifaceted approach to sexual orientation. [source] Creation and Construction: On the Theological Appropriation of Postmodern TheoryMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Jan-Olav Henriksen Postmodern theory can be appreciated by theological anthropology along the following lines: it interprets the cultural conditions that shape personal identity, including the elements of construction and contingency in identity-formation. It emphasizes the necessity for a multifaceted approach to the question about what it means to be human, and for avoiding closure. This is expressed in the doctrine of the human as created, as sinner and as restored,as none of these perspectives captures the whole picture. Postmodern theory also focuses on the importance of otherness for establishing identity, thereby offering a new way of interpreting human beings as created in the image of God. [source] The Diversity Imperative: Strategies to Address a Diverse Nursing WorkforceNURSING FORUM, Issue 3 2008Joanne Noone PhD TOPIC. There has been a call to action for the need to create a more diverse nursing workforce. PURPOSE. The purpose of this article is to outline and review strategies that schools of nursing education can use to increase the recruitment, retention, and success of a diverse nursing student body. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. A review of the nursing literature was performed using CINAHL and hand-searching references. Abstracts were reviewed and articles included if the topic of the article referred to strategies to increase the diversity of nursing students. CONCLUSIONS. A variety of strategies are being used to address this issue. A multifaceted approach is recommended. [source] Multifaceted functional behavior assessment for students with externalizing behavior disordersPSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 2 2002Daniel E. Olympia Recent federal mandates have increased interest in the use of functional behavior assessment as a necessary part of initial and ongoing work with students with externalizing behavior disorders. A multifaceted approach to functional behavior assessment provides a comprehensive assessment of both behavioral excesses and deficits commonly found in externalizing behavior disorders and also provides for the linkage of assessment information to educational interventions that can be implemented and monitored in educational settings for students with behavior disorders. The authors, using a variety of empirically derived methods, describe specific components of a multifaceted approach to functional behavior assessment in the context of the widely accepted behavioral excess/deficit model for students with externalizing behavior disorders. Empirically derived and validated methodologies (i.e., indirect data collection and analysis, direct observation and recording of behavior, and use of probes to establish baseline rates and measure impacts of intervention) are described. Technology-assisted data collection and analysis using computer-assisted functional behavior assessment interviews and direct observation of behavior using personal digital assistant (PDA) based software are also presented as a means to improve efficiency and reduce time needed to conduct adequate functional behavior assessments. Specific strategies to address academic skill and performance deficits as well as social skills deficiencies in the context of a multifaceted functional behavior assessment are also presented for students with externalizing behavior disorders. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] A multifaceted approach to species conservationANIMAL CONSERVATION, Issue 2 2009K. A. Crandall No abstract is available for this article. [source] Developing recommendations for implementing the Australian Pain Society's pain management strategies in residential aged careAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, Issue 1 2008Ruth McConigley Objective:,This study aimed to develop recommendations and a related implementation resource ,toolkit' to facilitate implementation of pain management strategies in Australian Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs). Methods:,This qualitative study used written materials, focus groups and individual interviews to gather data from participants. Thirty-four health-care professionals with experience in the aged care sector were recruited from five Western Australian RACFs. General practitioners who had an interest in aged care were contacted via local general practice networks. Results:,Findings indicated that focused education sessions were needed to support implementation. A tailored toolkit was developed to assist the process. Funding and workforce constraints were found to be threats to complete implementation in some facilities. Conclusions:,A multifaceted approach is needed to promote the implementation of pain management strategies in RACFs. In particular, unlicensed care workers, who may have responsibility for recognising and reporting signs of pain, require further education to support their role in the pain management process. [source] Improved therapeutic responses for liposomal doxorubicin targeted via thrombospondin peptidomimetics versus untargeted doxorubicinJOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE, Issue 7 2010M. P. Rivera-Fillat Abstract New therapies in cancer treatment are focusing on multifaceted approaches to starve and kill tumors utilizing both antiangiogenic and chemotherapeutic compounds. In this work, we searched for a peptide vector that would home liposomes both to endothelial and tumor cells. [Abu6]TSPB and [Abu6]TSPA, aspartimide analogs of natural sequences of TSP-1 and TSP-2, respectively, were tested for adhesion of tumor and endothelial cells, in vivo and in vitro antiangiogenic effects, and in vivo antitumor action. Both peptides support the adhesion of both types of cells, but only [Abu6]TSPA inhibits the angiogenesis in vivo, and [Abu6]TSPA-targeted L -DOX decreases by 58% (P < 0.008) the HT29 tumor growth in nude mice. The improvement in the doxorubicin antitumor effect should be attributed to the antiangiogenic effect of [Abu6]TSPA, since [Abu6]TSPB, despite being a good ligand for both cell types, had no effect on tumor growth. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||