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Multiethnic Society (multiethnic + society)
Selected AbstractsEthnic Inequalities in the Public Sector: A Comparative AnalysisDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 2 2006Yusuf Bangura This article uses empirical data to discuss the links between ethnicity, inequality and governance in a framework that divides countries according to their levels of ethnic polarization. It makes three main arguments. First, types of diversity, not the existence of diversity per se, explain potentials for conflict or cohesion in multiethnic societies. Ethnic cleavages are configured differently in different social structures and are less conflictual in some countries than in others. Second, relative balance has been achieved in the public sectors of countries that are highly fragmented or those with ethnicity-sensitive policies, but not in those with ethnicity-blind policies. Third, the article is critical of institutional approaches to conflict management that underplay background conditions in shaping choices. Consociational arrangements may not be relevant in unipolar ethnic settings or fragmented multiethnic societies, where governments may be ethnically inclusive under democratic conditions. They seem unavoidable in ethnic settings with two or three main groups or in settings with strong ethnic/regional clusters. [source] ,-thalassaemia masked by , gene defects and a new polyadenylation site mutation on the ,2-globin geneEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Cornelis L. Harteveld Abstract We report three examples of chronic anaemia involving complex combinations of ,- and ,-globin gene defects. The first case had a potential Hb H disease caused by the classic SEA/RW deletions masked by Hb E [,26(B8)Glu,Lys] in the homozygous state. The second had an unusual Hb H disease caused by compound heterozygosity for two different ,2 polyadenylation site mutations masked by a ,-thalassaemia heterozygosity. The third had an intermediate ,-thalassaemia with considerable anaemia caused by an as yet unknown polyadenylation site (AATAAA>AATAAC) mutation in combination with a common RW deletion masked by a common Hb C [,6(A3)Glu,Lys] heterozygosity. Diagnostic methods, genotype/phenotype correlations and the chance of overlooking these combinations during risk assessment in a multiethnic society are discussed. [source] Cross-cultural interview studies using interpreters: systematic literature reviewJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 6 2006Anne-Marie Wallin MA RN Aim., This paper reviews how the interpreter's role is described in empirically based, qualitative cross-cultural interview studies and how trustworthiness is determined. Background., Increased immigration during the past decades has created a multiethnic society in many countries. This development poses a challenge to healthcare staff, in that they need to understand how people from different cultures experience health and illness. One way to assess immigrants' experiences is through cross-cultural interview studies, involving an interpreter. Thorough knowledge of the interpreter's role is needed in order to increase the trustworthiness of this kind of nursing research. Method., Literature searches were conducted from October to November 2004 using PubMed, CINAHL, Psycinfo, Sociological abstract, Your Journals@ovid, and Eric databases. Qualitative interview studies written in English and performed with an interpreter were included. The Matrix Method was used to review the literature. Findings., In almost all of the 13 relevant papers found, the role of the interpreter(s) in the research process was only sparsely described. In addition, all studies except one employed different techniques to established trustworthiness. The most common techniques were prolonged engagement, member check or triangulation, the latter performed either on the data, investigators or methods. Conclusion., Methodological issues with respect to interpreters have received only limited attention in cross-cultural interview studies. Researchers in the field of nursing need to consider (1) the interpreter's role/involvement in the research process; (2) the interpreter's competence and the style of interpreting; (3) the interpreter's impact on the findings. This information is a prerequisite when trying to determine the trustworthiness of a cross-cultural study. [source] Individualized care: its conceptualization and practice within a multiethnic societyJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 1 2000Kate Gerrish BNurs MSc PhD RGN RM DN Cert Individualized care: its conceptualization and practice within a multiethnic society This paper reports on the selected findings from a larger ethnographic study of the provision of individualized care by district nurses to patients from different ethnic backgrounds. Undertaken in an English community National Health Service (NHS) Trust serving an ethnically diverse population, the study comprised two stages. First, an organizational profile of the Trust was undertaken in order to analyse the local policy context. Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews with managers and a review of policy documentation and caseload profiles. Second, a participant observational study was undertaken focusing on six district nursing teams. Purposive sampling was used to identify four teams with high minority ethnic caseloads and two teams with predominately white ethnic majority caseloads. Interview transcripts and field notes were analysed by drawing upon the principles of dimensional analysis. This paper focuses upon aspects of the second stage, namely how the nurses' conceptualized and practised individualized care. Six principles underpinning the philosophy of individualized care expounded by the nurses were identified: respecting individuality; holistic care; focusing on nursing needs; promoting independence; partnership and negotiation of care; and equity and fairness. Each is examined in turn and consideration given to how they were modified in their transformation into practice. Some implications for patients from minority ethnic backgrounds of the nurses' conceptualization and practice of individualized care are discussed. The lack of internal consistency within the nurses' discourse, the impact of policy directives on care delivery and the influence of factors outside the nurses' control, served to illuminate the complexity whereby the ideals of individualized care were adjusted and reworked in the realities of everyday nursing practice. This in turn raised questions about the appropriateness of the current interpretation and practice of individualized care in a multi-ethnic society. 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