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Mutual Influence (mutual + influence)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	25%
Life Sciences	12%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	12%

Selected Abstracts

Mutual Influence of Marital Conflict and Children's Behavior Problems: Shared and Nonshared Family Risks

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2005
Jennifer Jenkins
This within-family, longitudinal study including biological and stepfamilies investigated mutual influences between marital conflict and children's behavior problems. Children (4 to 17 years; N=296) residing in 127 families drawn from a general population study were investigated at Time 1 and again 2 years later. These nested data were analyzed using multilevel modeling, controlling for previous child behavior or marital conflict. Marital conflict about children predicted change in children's behavior. Children's behavior also predicted an increase in marital conflict, particularly in stepfamilies. Differences between siblings in exposure to conflict and the extent to which siblings were a source of argument increased more in stepfamilies than in biological families. Boys were exposed to more conflict over time than were girls. [source]

Mutual influence of protein and lipid feed content on European catfish (Silurus glanis) growth

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 2 2004
E. Has-Schön
Summary We wished to determine protein and lipid content in pelleted raw fish food, necessary for optimal growth of European catfish (Silurus glanis). Experiments were set up in 20 cages, each holding 30 young catfish. Fishes in each cage received a different food combination over a 98-day period at favourable physical and chemical water conditions. Food protein content varied between 37.5 and 45%, while lipid content, added in the form of soybean oil, varied between 3 and 11%. The oil contained an adequate , -fatty acids concentration, necessary for fish growth. The main growth indicators determined at the end of experiment were total body gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio. There was a high statistical difference among the experimental groups receiving variable food combinations for each growth parameter (P < 0.001). Both protein and lipid food content affected growth parameters, but in a different manner. Further analysis , percentage of change depending on lipid to protein ratio and bivariate surface analysis , allowed us to recognize the most economical combination: 39.5% protein + 9% lipid content. The addition of 9% soybean oil to the fish food reduces the necessary protein concentration by 5.5%, with resulting identical catfish growth effects. [source]

Changes in the interaction of resting-state neural networks from adolescence to adulthood

HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 8 2009
Michael C. Stevens
Abstract This study examined how the mutual interactions of functionally integrated neural networks during resting-state fMRI differed between adolescence and adulthood. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify functionally connected neural networks in 100 healthy participants aged 12,30 years. Hemodynamic timecourses that represented integrated neural network activity were analyzed with tools that quantified system "causal density" estimates, which indexed the proportion of significant Granger causality relationships among system nodes. Mutual influences among networks decreased with age, likely reflecting stronger within-network connectivity and more efficient between-network influences with greater development. Supplemental tests showed that this normative age-related reduction in causal density was accompanied by fewer significant connections to and from each network, regional increases in the strength of functional integration within networks, and age-related reductions in the strength of numerous specific system interactions. The latter included paths between lateral prefrontal-parietal circuits and "default mode" networks. These results contribute to an emerging understanding that activity in widely distributed networks thought to underlie complex cognition influences activity in other networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Reciprocal-influence mediation model: A guide for practice and research

CONFLICT RESOLUTION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2007
Lucinda E. Sinclair
Because of the length of most mediation sessions, it is challenging to assess a session's turn-by-turn nature. Here, a reciprocal-influence model is presented that views mediation as a dynamic, interdependent system that recognizes individual utterances of disputants and media-tors that change or reinforce destructive conflict. This perspective gives rise to a research method that maps the mediation discourse at a micro-level in order to track each member's constructive and destructive state-ments and view their mutual influence on the system as well as changes within the system over time. This process then facilitates a closer exam-ination of critical shifts that lead to integrative conflict or resolution among the disputants. These closer examinations also indicate more-and less-effective client-responsive interventions posed by the mediator. [source]

The dynamics of development and evolution: Insights from behavioral embryology

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 8 2007
Robert Lickliter
Abstract The perspective that features of species-typical behavior could be traced to experience that occurred prenatally was raised by Zing-Yang Kuo [1921 Journal of Philosophy 18: 645,664] early in the last century and Gilbert Gottlieb subsequently elaborated on and provided empirical support for this idea over the course of more than four decades of innovative psychobiological research. Although we are still a long way from fully understanding the specific pathways and processes by which prenatal experience can influence postnatal development, Gottlieb's research with precocial birds provided significant insights into the conditions and experiences of prenatal development involved in the achievement of species-typical perception and behavior. In particular, his elegant series of studies on the development of species identification in ducklings documented how the features and patterns of recurring prenatal sensory experience (including self-stimulation) guide and constrain the young individual's selective attention, perception, learning, and memory during both prenatal and postnatal periods. I review how this body of research supports the view that the structure and functions of the developing organism and its developmental ecology together form a relationship of mutual influence on the emergence, maintenance, and transformation of species-typical behavior. I also explore how Gottlieb's empirical demonstrations of the prenatal roots of so-called "instinctive" behavior provided a foundation for his conceptual efforts to define the links between developmental and evolutionary change. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 749,757, 2007. [source]

Architecture and Climate: The Environmental Continuum

GEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2007
David Pearlmutter
Architecture and climate have always been linked in a pattern of mutual influence. In its role as a provider of shelter, architecture intentionally modifies the climate of an immediate area , and traditionally, its design has been shaped by the stresses and opportunities inherent in the regional climate. In modern times, this cycle of influence has been obscured, because technology and cheap fuel have allowed architects the option of ignoring climatic cues. In the process, buildings and cities have produced unintentional modifications to climate at different scales, from the local to the global. In tandem with these trends, efforts have been made to better understand the dynamic interactions between the built and natural environments, and to pursue paths for bringing them into balance. This essay traces some of the milestones in these cross-disciplinary efforts, and examines the directions in which leading-edge research is headed. Finally, some thoughts are offered on sustainable architecture in an age of dwindling resources and questionable climatic stability. [source]

Influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D gene polymorphism on clinical and histological correlates of chronic hepatitis C

HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH, Issue 8 2009
Carlo Fabris
Aim:, This study aimed to verify the relationship between the insertion,deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and clinical and histological correlates of chronic hepatitis C. Methods:, Two-hundred and fifty-eight, treatment naive, unselected hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-positive patients and 210 controls were studied. ACE allelic variants were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results:, Mean staging scores adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and alcohol consumption were: men, D/* = 2.283; men, I/I = 2.092; women, D/* = 2.241; and women, I/I = 3.283 (P = 0.028). Age-adjusted mean BMI were: men, D/* = 25.01; men, I/I = 24.87; women, D/* = 23.73; and women, I/I = 22.50 (P = 0.006). Age and BMI-adjusted mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/ high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratios were: men, D/* = 2.344; men, I/I = 2.283; women, D/* = 1.916; and women, I/I = 1.903 (P = 0.004). Histological grading correlated positively with triglycerides and negatively with HDL and LDL cholesterol (P < 0.0001). Conclusion:, Female ACE I/I homozygotes have higher liver fibrosis scores in comparison to D/* women and to men; moreover, they are leaner and have a lower LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio. These observations suggest a possible mutual influence between ACE polymorphism, serum lipid concentrations and outcome of chronic HCV infection. [source]

Adaptation and communicative design.

HUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH, Issue 1 2001
Patterns of interaction in truthful, deceptive conversations
Two theoretical frameworks that examine the nature of adaptability and mutual influence in interaction, interpersonal deception theory and interaction adaptation theory, were used to derive hypotheses concerning patterns of interaction that occur across time in truthful and deceptive conversations. Two studies were conducted in which senders were either truthful or deceptive in their interactions with a partner who increased or decreased involvement during the latter half of the conversation. Results revealed that deceivers felt more anxious and were more concerned about self-presentation than truthtellers prior to the interaction and displayed less initial involvement than truthtellers. Patterns of interaction were also moderated by deception. Deceivers increased involvement over time but also reciprocated increases or decreases in receiver involvement. However, deceivers were less responsive than truthtellers to changes in receiver behavior. Finally, partner involvement served as feedback to senders regarding their own performance. [source]

A comprehensive techno-economic analysis method for power generation systems with CO2 capture

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010
Gang Xu
Abstract A new comprehensive techno-economic analysis method for power generation systems with CO2 capture is proposed in this paper. The correlative relationship between the efficiency penalty, investment increment, and CO2 avoidance cost is established. Through theoretical derivation, typical system analysis, and variation trends investigation, the mutual influence between technical and economic factors and their impacts on the CO2 avoidance cost are studied. At the same time, the important role that system integration plays in CO2 avoidance is investigated based on the analysis of a novel partial gasification CO2 recovery system. The results reveal that for the power generation systems with CO2 capture, the efficiency penalty not only affects the costs on fuel, but the incremental investment cost for CO2 capture (U.S.$,kW,1) as well. Consequently, it will have a decisive impact on the CO2 avoidance cost. Therefore, the added attention should be paid to improve the technical performance in order to reduce the efficiency penalty in energy system with CO2 capture and storage. Additionally, the system integration may not only decrease the efficiency penalty, but also simplify the system structure and keep the investment increment at a low level, and thereby it reduces the CO2 avoidance cost significantly. For example, for the novel partial gasification CO2 recovery system, owing to system integration, its efficiency can reach 42.2%, with 70% of CO2 capture, and its investment cost is only 87$,kW,1 higher than that of the reference IGCC system, thereby the CO2 avoidance cost is only 6.23$,t,1 CO2. The obtained results provide a comprehensive technical,economical analysis method for energy systems with CO2 capture useful for reducing the avoidance costs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Modelling and optimal control of coupled structural acoustic systems with piezoelectric elements

MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 17 2003
W. G. Litvinov
Abstract We construct a model of a shell with piezoelectric elements (patches) that take into account the mutual influence of deformations and electric fields. Coupled problems for the shell with piezoelectric patches and an acoustic field, are studied and results on the existence and the uniqueness are obtained. For this system we consider an optimal control problem on noise attenuation and obtain results on the existence, the uniqueness, necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Very Long-Range Effects: Cooperativity between Anion,, and Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions

CHEMPHYSCHEM, Issue 13 2009
Xavier Lucas
Abstract The interplay between two important non-covalent interactions involving aromatic rings (namely anion,, and hydrogen bonding) is investigated. Very interesting cooperativity effects are present in complexes where anion,, and hydrogen bonding interactions coexist. These effects are found in systems where the distance between the anion and the hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor molecule is as long as ,11 Å. These effects are studied theoretically using the energetic and geometric features of the complexes, which were computed using ab initio calculations. We use and discuss several criteria to analyze the mutual influence of the non-covalent interactions studied herein. In addition we use Bader's theory of atoms-in-molecules to characterize the interactions and to analyze the strengthening or weakening of the interactions depending upon the variation of the charge density at the critical points. [source]

Hybrid Nanoparticle/Organic Devices with Strong Resonant Tunneling Behaviors

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 16 2009
Tianhang Zheng
Abstract A hybrid nanoparticle/organic device consisting of small molecule organic semiconductors and Ag nanoparticles is reported. The single device exhibits unusual properties of organic resonant tunneling diode (ORTD) at low driving voltage region and offers light emission at high voltage. For ORTD, a strong negative differential resistance behavior is demonstrated at room temperature. The current resonance with the peak-to-valley current ratio of over 4.6 and narrow linewidth of only ,1.4,V is achieved. A detailed operating mechanism of the charging and emission modes is proposed, which can be discussed in terms of the strong charge-trapping effect of Ag nanoparticles. The repeatable operations of hybrid device show the mutual influences between two modes and the light emission properties of the ORTD are also discussed. [source]

Mythico-History, Social Memory, and Praxis: Anthropological Approaches and Directions

HISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2009
Susan Rasmussen
This article explores the interface and tension between myth, history, and memory, in relation to ideology and praxis of identity. There is a critical overview of anthropological and other approaches in the humanities and social sciences to ,mythico-history' and social memory, their mutual influences, and current debates and directions in this literature. In particular, emphasis is upon the uses of oral narratives in historiography and social context in the constructions of personal and collective identities of difference, for example, ethnicity and gender in ,narratives of nation' and ,myths of matriliny' and their connections to social practice, drawing on secondary cross-cultural data and primary data from this anthropologist's research in Tuareg (Kel Tamajaq) communities of northern Niger and Mali. [source]

Distribution patterns of ,- and ,-herpesviruses within Waldeyer's ring organs

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 8 2007
Christoph Berger
Abstract The Waldeyer's ring designates a functional unit of lymphoid tissue within the pharynx including the adenoids and tonsils. To gain insight into distribution patterns of ,- and ,-human herpesviruses (HHVs) and their potential mutual influences at their natural portal of entry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were applied to adenoids and tonsils obtained from 30 children. DNA of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 was detected in adenoids, tonsils, or both of 24 (80%), 19 (63%), 23 (77%), 23 (77%), and 0 (0%) children, respectively. EBV, CMV, HHV-6, and -7 localized in both adenoids and tonsils from 92%, 37%, 52%, and 70% of children, respectively, with the virus detectable by qPCR. The amount of EBV was 2,10-fold higher than of other HHVs and correlated in autologous organs (P,=,0.01) as did the amount of HHV-7 (P,=,0.002). The amount of CMV correlated with the HHV-6 amount in adenoids (P,=,0.028) and tonsils (P,=,0.007), and with the amount of HHV-7 in adenoids (P,<,0.01). Levels of HHV-6 DNA were lower in adenoids with detectable CMV DNA than in adenoids without detectable CMV DNA (P,=,0.0062). Inversely, CMV and HHV-7 levels were higher in adenoids with than in adenoids without detectable EBV DNA (P,=,0.019 and P,=,0.039, respectively).Thus, ,- and ,-HHV exhibit distinct distribution behaviors in Waldeyer's ring organs and seem to interact. This may be of medical importance in immunocompromised hosts who are likely to reactivate HHVs causing severe morbidity and death. J. Med. Virol. 79: 1147,1152, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Monetary Policy Impulses and Retail Interest Rate Pass-Through in Asian Banking Markets

ASIAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010
Kuan-Min Wang
C23; E43; E52; E58; F36 This paper considers the integration of financial markets and mutual influences of monetary policies in the USA and Asia based on monthly data from 1994 to 2007. We used panel-type and time-series and quantile panel-type error correction models to test the influences of expected and unexpected monetary policy impulses on the interest rate pass-through mechanism in the financial markets of 9 Asian countries and the USA. The empirics show that if interest rate integration exists in the financial markets, the following effects are observed: (i) positive impulses of unexpected monetary policy will lead to an increase in the long-run multiplier of the retail interest rate; (ii) the adjustment of retail interest rates with short-run disequilibrium will lead to an increase in the long-run markup; and (iii) the empirical results of quantile regression prove that when the interest variation is greater than the 0.5th quantile and unexpected monetary policy impulses are greater than the expected monetary policy impulses, the short-run interest rate pass-through mechanism becomes more unstable. [source]