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Muscle Movements (muscle + movement)
Selected AbstractsPharmacological and histological assessment of gut muscle movement in blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra (Leach)AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 5 2003S Edwards We examined the basic pharmacology of abalone gut tissues for adrenergic and peptide receptors using ligand binding and by determining the pharmacological effectors of abalone gut motility in a number of gut regions. Contractile responses could not be elicited, even though we could show the existence of ,-adrenergic and peptide receptors. Responses to any muscle contractile agents, including carbachol and potassium chloride, could not be found in blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra (Leach). Histology confirmed the relative absence of muscular layers in all the tissues of the gut, indicating that previous literature reports of muscular involvement in contractile movement of gut contents did not appear to apply to this species. [source] Automatic muscle generation for character skin deformationCOMPUTER ANIMATION AND VIRTUAL WORLDS (PREV: JNL OF VISUALISATION & COMPUTER ANIMATION), Issue 3-4 2006Xiaosong Yang Abstract As skin shape depends on the underlying anatomical structure, the anatomy-based techniques usually afford greater realism than the traditional skeleton-driven approach. On the downside, however, it is against the current animation workflow, as the animator has to model many individual muscles before the final skin layer arrives, resulting in an unintuitive modelling process. In this paper, we present a new anatomy-based technique that allows the animator to start from an already modelled character. Muscles having visible influence on the skin shape at the rest pose are extracted automatically by studying the surface geometry of the skin. The extracted muscles are then used to deform the skin in areas where there exist complex deformations. The remaining skin areas, unaffected or hardly affected by the muscles, are handled by the skeleton-driven technique, allowing both techniques to play their strengths. In order for the extracted muscles to produce realistic local skin deformation during animation, muscle bulging and special movements are both represented. Whereas the former ensues volume preservation, the latter allows a muscle not only to deform along a straight path, but also to slide and bend around joints and bones, resulting in the production of sophisticated muscle movements and deformations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Muscle ultrasound in neuromuscular disordersMUSCLE AND NERVE, Issue 6 2008Sigrid Pillen MD Abstract Muscle ultrasound is a useful tool in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders, as these disorders result in muscle atrophy and intramuscular fibrosis and fatty infiltration, which can be visualized with ultrasound. Several prospective studies have reported high sensitivities and specificities in the detection of neuromuscular disorders. Although not investigated in large series of patients, different neuromuscular disorders tend to show specific changes on muscle ultrasound, which can be helpful in differential diagnosis. For example, Duchenne muscular dystrophy results in a severe, homogeneous increase of muscle echo intensity with normal muscle thickness, whereas spinal muscular atrophy shows an inhomogeneous increase of echo intensity with severe atrophy. A major advantage of muscle ultrasound, compared to other imaging techniques, is its ability to visualize muscle movements, such as muscle contractions and fasciculations. This study reviews the possibilities and limitations of ultrasound in muscle imaging and its value as a diagnostic tool in neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve, 2008 [source] Pain, referred sensations, and involuntary muscle movements in brachial plexus injuryACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2010N. B. Finnerup Finnerup NB, Norrbrink C, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Terkelsen AJ, Hojlund AP, Jensen TS. Pain, referred sensations, and involuntary muscle movements in brachial plexus injury. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 121: 320,327. © 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard. Objectives,,, Examination of the relationship between pain, sensory hypersensitivity, referred sensations and involuntary muscle jerks in patients with brachial plexus injury. Materials and methods,,, Fourteen patients with brachial plexus lesions were included. Spontaneous background and paroxysmal pain and mechanically and thermally evoked pain were recorded. Areas with sensory hypersensitivity and referred pain were mapped on a body chart. This was supplemented by electrophysiological analysis in three patients. Results,,, Sensory hypersensitivity and areas with pinprick-induced referred phantom sensations were present in adjacent dermatomes. There was no clear relationship between chronic neuropathic pain and referred sensations, but there was a correlation between pain paroxysms and sensory hypersensitivity in dermatomes adjacent to deafferented areas. In three patients, simultaneous referred sensations and short latency motor action potentials ipsilateral to the denervated side suggested origin at subcortical sites. Conclusion,,, The study suggests a possible role of a spinal generator for sensory hypersensitivity and referred sensations following denervation. [source] | ||||||||||