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Mortality Odds Ratio (mortality + odds_ratio)
Selected AbstractsIncreases in Serum Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol May Be Beneficial in Some High-Functioning Older Adults: MacArthur Studies of Successful AgingJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 4 2004Arun S. Karlamangla PhD Objectives: To examine the association between changes in serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) over a 2.5-year period and risk of adverse health outcomes in the following 4.5 years in high-functioning older adults. Design: Prospective cohort, established in 1988, with a follow-up in 1991 and 1995. Setting:, Population-based, community-dwelling men and women. Participants: A random sample (n=267) from the MacArthur cohort (N=1,189). The cohort represented the highest-functioning tertile of 4,030 screened candidates aged 70 to 79. Measurements:, Change in non-HDL-C between 1988 and 1991 was measured as a predictor of health outcomes between 1991 and 1995, including all-cause mortality, and among survivors, incident heart attack or stroke, development of new disability in basic activities of daily living, and decline in performance on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. Results: More-positive change in non-HDL-C between 1988 and 1991 was associated with fewer adverse outcomes between 1991 and 1995. In individuals whose total cholesterol at baseline was in the middle two quartiles (195,244 mg/dL), each 10-mg/dL increase in the 1988-to-1991 change in non-HDL-C was associated with an adjusted mortality odds ratio (OR) of 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.51,0.88). In individuals without cardiovascular disease at baseline, the adjusted OR for new physical disability was 0.79 (95% CI=0.65,0.95) and for cognitive decline was 0.81 (95% CI=0.67,0.98). Conclusion: Increases in cholesterol over time have beneficial associations in some older adults. The role of cholesterol changes in the health of older individuals needs further exploration. [source] Shorter telomeres are associated with mortality in those with APOE ,4 and dementiaANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2006Lawrence S. Honig MD Objective Reduced telomere length may be a marker of biological aging. We hypothesized that telomere length might thus relate to increased risk for dementia and mortality. Methods This nested case,control study used stored leukocyte DNA from 257 individuals (mean age, 81.4 ± 7.9 years; 64.6% female; 44.7% Hispanic, 33.5% non-Hispanic black, and 21.8% non-Hispanic white). Our assay used real-time polymerase chain reaction, with two separate reactions amplifying telomere sequence and reference single copy gene (ribosomal-protein-P0), providing a calculated telomere-to-single copy gene (T/S) ratio. Results Mean telomere length was shorter among subjects dying during follow-up than in those surviving (0.453 ± 0.211 vs 0.525 ± 0.226 [± standard deviation]; p < 0.009). It was also shorter in those with Alzheimer's disease compared with control subjects (0.458 ± 0.207 vs 0.516 ± 0.229; p < 0.03). For participants with Alzheimer's disease, compared with those with the longest telomeres, the mortality odds ratio (OR) was 4.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7,13.8) in those with intermediate-length telomeres and 7.3 (95% CI, 2.4,22.0) in those with the shortest telomeres. The presence of an ,4 allele also increased the mortality OR, with an OR of 5.8 (95% CI, 1.3,26.4) for intermediate-length telomeres and an OR of 9.0 (95% CI, 1.9,41) for the shortest telomeres. Interpretation Our findings suggest that leukocyte telomere length is related to both dementia and mortality and may be a marker of biological aging. Ann Neurol 2006; [source] Noninvasive Ventilation Outcomes in 2,430 Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients: An ADHERE Registry AnalysisACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 4 2008Thomas A. Tallman DO Abstract Objectives:, Continuous or bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation, called noninvasive ventilation (NIV), is a controversial therapy for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). While NIV is considered safe and effective in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), clinical trial data that have addressed safety in ADHF patients are limited, with some suggestion of increased mortality. The objective of this study was to assess mortality outcomes associated with NIV and to determine if a failed trial of NIV followed by endotracheal intubation (ETI) (NIV failure) is associated with worse outcomes, compared to immediate ETI. Methods:, This was a retrospective analysis of the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE), which enrolls patients with treatment for, or with a primary discharge diagnosis of, ADHF. The authors compared characteristics and outcomes in four groups: no ventilation, NIV success, NIV failure, and ETI. One-way analysis of variance or Wilcoxon testing was performed for continuous data, and chi-square tests were used for categorical data. In addition, multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust mortality comparisons for risk factors. Results:, Entry criteria were met by 37,372 patients, of which 2,430 had ventilation assistance. Of the ventilation group, 1,688 (69.5%) were deemed NIV success, 72 (3.0%) were NIV failures, and 670 (27.6%) required ETI. The NIV failure group had the lowest O2 saturation (SaO2) (84 ± 16%), compared to either NIV success (89.6 ± 10%) or ETI (88 ± 13%; p = 0.017). ETI patients were more likely to receive vasoactive medications (p < 0.001) than the NIV success cohort. When comparing NIV failures to ETI, there were no differences in treatment during hospitalization (p > 0.05); other than that the NIV failure group more often received vasodilators (68.1% vs. 54.3%; p = 0.026). In-hospital mortality was 7.9% with NIV, 13.9% with NIV failure, and 15.4% with ETI. After risk adjustment, the mortality odds ratio for NIV failure versus ETI increased to 1.43, although this endpoint was not statistically significant. Conclusions:, In this analysis of ADHF patients receiving NIV to date, patients placed on NIV for ADHF fared better than patients requiring immediate ETI. Patients who failed NIV and required ETI still experienced lower mortality than those initially placed on ETI. Thus, while the ETI group may be more severely ill, starting therapy with NIV instead of immediate ETI will likely not harm the patient. When ETI is required, mortality and length of stay may be adversely affected. Since a successful trial of NIV is associated with improved outcomes in patients with ADHF, application of this therapy may be a reasonable treatment option. [source] Hepatitis C in ethnic minority populations in EnglandJOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS, Issue 6 2008A. G. Mann Summary., The aim of the study was to investigate the differing epidemiology of hepatitis C-related end-stage liver disease in ethnic minorities in England. We used Hospital Episode Statistics from 1997/98 to 2004/05 to directly age-standardize numbers of episodes and deaths from hepatitis C-related end-stage liver disease in ethnic groups using the white English population as standard and the age-structured population by ethnic group from the 2001 Census. We estimated the odds of having a diagnosis of end-stage liver disease amongst hepatitis C-infected individuals in each ethnic group compared with whites using logistic regression. The main outcome measures were age-standardized morbidity and mortality ratios and morbidity and mortality odds ratios. Standardized ratios (95% confidence interval) for hepatitis C-related end-stage liver disease ranged from 73 (38,140) in Chinese people to 1063 (952,1186) for those from an ,Other' ethnic group. Amongst individuals with a diagnosis of hepatitis C infection, the odds ratios (95% CI) of severe liver disease were 1.42 (1.13,1.79), 1.57 (1.36,1.81), 2.44 (1.85,3.22), 1.73 (1.36,2.19) and 1.83 (1.08,3.10) comparing individuals of Black African, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Indian and Chinese origin with whites, respectively. Ethnic minority populations in England are more likely than whites to experience an admission or to die from severe liver disease as a result of hepatitis C infection. Ethnic minority populations may have a higher prevalence of hepatitis C or they may experience a poorer prognosis because of differential access to health services, longer duration of infection or the prevalence of co-morbidities. [source] | ||||||||||