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Morphological Diagnosis (morphological + diagnosis)
Selected AbstractsTransbronchial fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of mediastinal/hilar sarcoidosisCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2007S. Smojver-Je Objective:, The diagnostic value of transbronchial/transtracheal fine needle aspiration (TBFNA) cytology in the patients with mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy has been investigated. Method:, Out of 116 patients with mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established in 88 (75.9%). One hundred and seventy-one TBFNAs from different lymph node stations were performed using a cytological 26-gauge needle. Adequate lymph node samples were obtained in 157 of 171 (91.8%) TBFNA and 14 of 171 (8.2%) TBFNA samples were inadequate. Results:, Cytological findings consistent with sarcoidosis were found in 79 of 88 (89.77%) patients and 133 of 157 (84.71%) samples. The sensitivity of TBFNA cytology in sarcoidosis presenting as mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy was 78.7%, specificity 92.3%. Conclusions:, Overall diagnostic accuracy of TBFNA cytology in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was 86.2%, and cytological findings consistent with sarcoidosis were the only morphological diagnosis of sarcoidosis in 63.6% of patients. [source] ,-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) in fine-needle aspiration specimens of prostate lesionsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 11 2009Gordana Kai, M.D. Abstract The elevated expression of P504S gene and its product ,-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) can serve as a molecular marker for prostate cancer. The goal of this study is to investigate P504S/AMACR expression in fine-needle aspiration smears and correlate it with cytological diagnosis. Immunocytochemistry was performed in 35 patients with morphological diagnosis of prostate carcinoma (n = 16), atypia (n = 15), and benign hyperplasia (n = 4). Among 16 malignant cases there were two low-grade, eight intermediate, and six high-grade prostate carcinomas. Cytoplasmic positivity is analyzed qualitatively as predominantly diffuse or focal and quantitatively as <5%, 5,50%, and >50% of cells. Benign cases showed no P504S/AMACR expression. Positive staining was recorded in 75% of malignant cases, but in the majority of them it was weak and focal or diffuse and in a small amount of cells. The most intensive staining was seen in low-grade carcinomas and some atypical cases. This observation indicates a correlation between P504S/AMACR expression and differentiation of cells. P504S/AMACR staining might be of great value in cytodiagnosis of prostate lesions as well as an example of the characterization of cells at the molecular level using fresh tissue obtained by fine-needle aspiration. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Unequivocal morphological diagnosis of fungi in morphologically abnormal nailsHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2006A Cabral Aims :,To analyse the prevalence of fungi in abnormal nails by morphological diagnosis. Prevalence studies of onychomycoses in temperate climate zones have yielded widely varying rates, possibly reflecting the confounding effects of referral bias, sampling specificity and intrinsic sensitivity of the diagnostic techniques employed. Methods and results :,The method employed to identify fungi in nails entailed primary fixation using a non-formaldehyde-based coagulative fixative (BoonFix®; Finetec, Japan) and microwave-enhanced processing to histology, followed by staining the paraffin sections with periodic acid,Schiff, using haematoxylin as a routine counterstain. The results of 990 nail samples were tabled for statistical analysis related to gender, patient age and diabetes mellitus status. In four of the 990 (< 1%) analysed cases the diagnosis was found to be equivocal using the method employed. These cases were jointly reviewed for definitive diagnosis. The overall prevalence of invasive hyphal structures was found to be 606/990 (, 61%). The relative risk for fungal infection in morphologically abnormal nails was found to be higher for persons <,20 years old or diabetic patients aged ,,71 years. Conclusions :,The 61% positivity rate for fungi found justifies systematic direct submission of samples from abnormal nails for histological confirmation in order to avoid unwarranted treatment. [source] OLIG-1 and 2 gene expression and oligodendroglial tumoursNEUROPATHOLOGY & APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2002K. Hoang-Xuan OLIG 1/2 genes encode basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that play a critical role in motor neurone and oligodendrocyte fate specification during development. Two recent studies in which OLIG transcripts were detected by in situ hybridization have reported a high expression of the OLIG genes in oligodendrogliomas. This suggests that the detection of these lineage markers could become an adjunct to the classic morphological diagnosis of these tumours. There are problems in the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma. To date, all other known oligodendrocyte lineage markers have failed to label specifically neoplastic oligodendrocytes. Deletions on chromosome 1p and 19q are much more frequent in oligodendrogliomas than in astrocytomas but these molecular alterations are not constant. For the future, when routinely available, immunohistochemical techniques using anti-OLIG antibodies on paraffin embedded tissues will allow a systematic study of a large series of tumours so that we will know the specificity and sensitivity of this investigation in diagnosis. At another level, it is possible that expression of OLIG in neoplastic oligodendrocyte might participate in the oncogenesis of oligodendrogliomas. Initial work suggests that this is probably not the case. However further in vitro and in vivo studies analysing the functional consequence of OLIG overexpression in terms of proliferation and tumour progression are needed. [source] | ||||||||||