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Morphologic Features (morphologic + feature)
Selected AbstractsMyelodysplastic syndromes associated with interstitial deletion of chromosome 5q: Clinicopathologic correlations and new insights from the prelenalidomide era,,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, Issue 9 2008Shernan G. Holtan To better estimate prognosis for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) associated with clonal interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 5 (del(5q)), we reviewed the medical records of 130 adults with del(5q) MDS seen at our institution over a 15-year period. Overall median survival of this cohort was 9.5 months, shorter than reported in earlier series. The least favorable outcomes are associated with complex cytogenetics, lack of any normal metaphases, normocytic rather than macrocytic erythrocyte indices, and low baseline lymphocyte counts. Lymphopenia but not neutropenia at the time of diagnosis appears to be a new adverse prognostic indicator. Cytogenetic breakpoints defined by G-banded karyotyping correlate poorly with particular disease features. Surprisingly, survival of patients with treatment-related MDS was equivalent to that of de novo MDS with del(5q) in this series. Morphologic features associated with del(5q) are diverse. Most patients with del(5q) MDS do not meet criteria for WHO-defined 5q-syndrome, and the presence of del(5q) does not appear to modify the clinical phenotype otherwise risk-stratified by the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). Additional important prognostic factors not taken into account by the IPSS include the baseline erythrocyte indices, lymphocyte count, and clonal burden. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Seamount volcanism along the Gakkel Ridge, Arctic OceanGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2008James R. Cochran SUMMARY The Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean is the slowest spreading portion of the global mid-ocean ridge system. Total spreading rates vary from 12.8 mm yr,1 near Greenland to 6.5 mm yr,1 at the Siberian margin. Melting models predict a dramatic decrease in magma production and resulting crustal thickness at these low spreading rates. At slow spreading ridges, small volcanic seamounts are a dominant morphologic feature of the rift valley floor and an important mechanism in building the oceanic crust. This study quantitatively investigates the extent, nature and distribution of seamount volcanism at the ultraslow Gakkel Ridge, the manner in which it varies along the ridge axis and the relationship of the volcanoes to the larger scale rift morphology. A numerical algorithm is used to identify and characterize isolated volcanic edifices by searching gridded swath-bathymetry data for closed concentric contours protruding above the surrounding seafloor. A maximum likelihood model is used to estimate the total number of seamounts and the characteristic height within different seamount populations. Both the number and size of constructional volcanic features is greatly reduced at the Gakkel Ridge compared with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The density of seamounts (number/area) on the rift valley floor of the Western Volcanic Zone (WVZ) is ,55% that of the MAR. The observed volcanoes are also much smaller, so, the amount of erupted material is greatly reduced compared with the MAR. However, the WVZ is still able to maintain a MAR-like morphology with axial volcanic ridges, volcanoes scattered on the valley floor and rift valley walls consisting of high-angle faults. Seamount density at the Eastern Volcanic Zone (EVZ) is ,45% that of the WVZ (,25% that of the MAR). Seamounts are clustered at the widely spaced magmatic centres characteristic of the EVZ, although some seamounts are found between magmatic centres. These seamounts tend to be located at the edge of the rift valley or on the valley walls rather than on the valley floor. Seamounts in the Sparsely Magmatic Zone (SMZ) are located almost entirely at the 19°E magmatic centre with none observed within a 185 km-long portion of the rift valley floor. The EVZ and SMZ appear to display a mode of crustal accretion, characterized by extreme focusing of melt to the magmatic centres. Magmas erupted between the magmatic centres appear to have ascended along faults. This is very different from what is observed at the WVZ (or the MAR), and there is a threshold transition between the two modes of crustal accretion. At the Gakkel Ridge, the location of the transition appears to be localized by a boundary in mantle composition. [source] Social Implications of Hyperfunctional Facial LinesDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 5 2003J. Charles Finn MD The face is the focus of human interactions, and facial appearance profoundly affects self-esteem. Facial appearance is not only a compilation of the dimensions of the primary morphologic features but is also a direct result of the emotional expressions exhibited on the face. Facial expressions are central in the communication of emotions, as well as in signaling characteristics such as age. The repeated expression of emotions produces hyperfunctional facial lines, and the presence of these lines when the face is at repose may give an erroneous impression of emotions or personality characteristics. These lines are also perceived as a sign of aging. Treatment of hyperfunctional facial lines is beneficial for patients who believe that their faces are not communicating their emotions properly, who want to delay the outward appearance of aging, or who simply want to look their best. [source] Pleomorphic adenoma: Cytologic variations and potential diagnostic pitfallsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Uma Handa M.D. Abstract The diverse morphological features encountered in pleomorphic adenoma (PA) may cause diagnostic errors in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The present study was performed to evaluate the variations in the cytological features of pleomorphic adenoma and to assess the efficacy of FNAC in its diagnosis. Fifty cases diagnosed as PA on FNAC were retrieved from the records of the Pathology Department. Cytologic smears and sections were reviewed and the cytologic diagnoses were compared with the definitive histologic diagnoses. In cases correctly diagnosed on aspiration, morphological variables like patterns of the epithelial component, type and extent of the mesenchymal matrix, metaplastic cells, hyaline globules, cystic change, giant cells, crystalline deposits, nuclear inclusions/grooves, and nuclear atypia were evaluated. The extreme diversity in morphologic features seen in histologic sections was reflected in the smears of PA. Metaplastic changes were observed more frequently in sections, while nuclear changes like inclusions/grooves were more commonly seen in smears. Other morphological features like cylindromatous pattern, giant cells and crystalline deposits were observed with equal frequency in smears and sections. Cytohistologic agreement was present in 45 of the 50 cases (90%). In 5 cases diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma on FNAC, the histology revealed 1 case each of schwannoma, perineurioma, ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of tongue, adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. FNAC is a fairly accurate pre-operative procedure for the diagnosis of PA. The cytopathologist needs to be aware of the cytologic variations in pleomorphic adenoma so as to avoid diagnostic errors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] ERBB2, TBX2, RPS6KB1, and MYC alterations in breast tissues of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriersGENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 1 2004Camilo Adem Breast cancer risk is greatly increased in women who carry mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Because breast cancer initiation is different between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and women who do not carry mutations, it is possible that the mechanism of breast cancer progression is also different. Histopathologic and genetic studies have supported this hypothesis. To test this hypothesis further, we utilized a large cohort of women who underwent therapeutic mastectomy (TM) and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (PM). From this cohort, we developed case groups of women with a family history of breast cancer with BRCA1/2 deleterious mutations, with unclassified variant alterations, and with no detected mutation and matched these cases with sporadic controls from the same TM and PM cohort. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on paraffin sections by use of dual-color probes for ERBB2/CEP17, MYC/CEP8, TBX2/CEP17, and RPS6KB1/CEP17. All malignant and benign lesions, including putative precursor lesions, were studied. The invasive cancers from deleterious mutation carriers had a higher prevalence of duplication of MYC (P = 0.006) and TBX2 (P = 0.0008) compared to controls and a lower prevalence of ERBB2 amplification (P = 0.011). Coduplication of MYC and TBX2 was common in the in situ and invasive lesions from the deleterious mutation carriers. The odds ratio of having a BRCA1/2 mutation is 31.4 (95% CI = 1.7,569) when MYC and TBX2 are coduplicated but ERBB2 is normal. Unclassified variant carriers/no mutation detected and sporadic controls had a similar prevalence of alterations, suggesting that hereditary patients with no deleterious mutations follow a progression pathway similar to that of sporadic cases. With the exception of one atypical ductal hyperplasia lesion, no putative precursor lesion showed any detectable alteration of the probes tested. There was no significant intratumoral heterogeneity of genetic alterations. Our data confirm that a specific pattern of genomic instability characterizes BRCA1/2 -related cancers and that this pattern has implications for the biology of these cancers. Moreover, our current and previous results emphasize the interaction between phenotype and genotype in BRCA1/2 -related breast cancers and that a combination of morphologic features and alterations of ERBB2, MYC, and TBX2 may better define mechanisms of tumor progression, as well as determine which patients are more likely to carry BRCA1/2 mutations. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Diagnostic evaluation of cystic pancreatic lesionsHPB, Issue 1 2008B. C. VISSER Abstract Background. Cystic pancreatic neoplasms (CPNs) present a unique challenge in preoperative diagnosis. We investigated the accuracy of diagnostic methods for CPN. Material and methods. This retrospective cases series includes 70 patients who underwent surgery at a university hospital for presumed CPNs between 1997 and 2003, and for whom a definitive diagnosis was established. Variables examined included symptoms, preoperative work-up (including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 22 cases and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in 12), and operative and pathological findings. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (n=50 patients; CT=48; MRI=13) were independently reviewed by two blinded GI radiologists. Results. The final histopathologic diagnoses were mucinous cystic neoplasm (n=13), mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (10), serous cystadenoma (11), IPMN (14), simple cyst (3), cystic neuroendocrine tumor (5), pseudocyst (4), and other (10). Overall, 25 of 70 were malignant (37%), 21 premalignant (30%), and 24 benign (34%). The attending surgeon's preoperative diagnosis was correct in 31% of cases, incorrect in 29%, non-specific "cystic tumor" in 27%, and "pseuodcyst vs. neoplasm" in 11%. Eight had been previously managed as pseudocysts, and 3 pseudocysts were excised as presumed CPN. In review of the CT and MRI, a multivariate analysis of the morphologic features did not identify predictors of specific pathologic diagnoses. Both radiologists were accurate with their preferred (no. 1) diagnosis in <50% of cases. MRI demonstrated no additional utility beyond CT. Conclusions. The diagnosis of CPN remains challenging. Cross-sectional imaging methods do not reliably give an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Surgeons should continue to err on the side of resection. [source] The emergence of mucormycosis as an important opportunistic fungal infection: five cases presenting to a tertiary referral center for mycologyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Mahreen Ameen MRCP Background, Mucormycosis, a rare opportunistic fungal infection, is re-emerging in importance with the increase in prevalence of immunosuppressive states, both as a result of therapy and disease. Methods, We report five cases of mucormycosis diagnosed by the Dermatology Department and managed jointly with the Medical and Surgical Services of "Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez" General Hospital in Mexico City, a tertiary referral center for mycology. We also review the current literature including recent advances in medical therapy. Results, Four of the five cases were of the rhino-orbital-cerebral variant, commonly associated with significant mortality, and one of these patients died despite early diagnosis and aggressive management. The fifth case was primary cutaneous mucormycosis and this patient survived infection without relapse. Diabetic ketoacidosis predisposed to infection in four cases and the other was associated with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Radiologic imaging was important in cases of facial involvement in order to evaluate the extent of disease and possible intracranial involvement. All cases were managed with systemic antifungals and surgical debridement, together with the treatment of predisposing factors. Conclusions, These cases illustrate the need for early clinical recognition and prompt therapy, as well as the requirement for tissue biopsy in order to demonstrate the characteristic morphologic features of this fungal agent in the absence of positive mycology culture results. This report also highlights that, although rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis requires effective multidisciplinary management, the disease not uncommonly presents to dermatologists for diagnosis. [source] Myopericytoma: report of two cases associated with traumaJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 9 2008Alvaro C. Laga Myopericytoma is a rare, recently described tumor demonstrating a hemangiopericytoma-like vascular pattern. We present two cases of myopericytoma associated with trauma: a 64-year-old man who developed several nodules on his nose four months after sustaining multiple abrasions to his forehead and nose, and a 72-year-old woman with a solitary growth in the alveolar ridge of unknown duration. Biopsy specimens of the lesions in both cases demonstrated a striking concentric perivascular proliferation of bland spindle-shaped pericytic cells characteristic of myopericytoma. Despite sharing morphologic features with angioleiomyoma, myofibroma and glomus tumor, myopericytoma is thought to represent a distinct perivascular myoid neoplasm of skin and soft tissues. The tumor is characterized by a radial and perivascular arrangement of ovoid, spindled to round neoplastic cells that are immunoreactive to alpha-smooth muscle actin, often for h-caldesmon as well as smooth muscle myosin-heavy chain, and usually negative for desmin antibodies. Most cases of myopericytoma are benign, however, local recurrence and malignancy have recently been reported, Myopericytoma can be multifocal involving a single or multiple anatomic regions, and tends to occur in dermal and superficial soft tissues of adults primarily on the extremities. Our cases are unusual examples of myopericytoma manifesting as multiple nodules on the nose, and a solitary growth on the buccal mucosa after trauma. [source] Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation or Merkel Cell Carcinoma?JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2005A. Andea We present here a case of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with neuroendocrine features that has transformed into a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with various morphologic features of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). A 54-year-old white female was treated for a BCC of the right thigh. Pathologic examination revealed an otherwise classical BCC that demonstrated granular positivity for chromogranin. Six years later the patient developed a right inguinal lymphadenopathy diagnosed as metastatic BCC with squamous changes. The metastatic BCC showed partial peripheral palisading and a trabecular pattern. Two years later the patient underwent a right nephrectomy due to obstruction of the right ureter by metastatic BCC. After another four years the patient came back with extensive involvement of the appendiceal wall and right ovary by a diffusely infiltrating metastatic basaloid and trabecular carcinoma. This time the tumor had many histologic features of MCC and showed strong positivity for chromogranin and also for CK20 and NSE. Electron microscopy revealed neurosecretory granules. This case is an example of a chromogranin positive basal cell carcinoma of the skin, which transformed during multiple recurrences into a high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with features of Merkel cell tumor, demonstrating the potential for cross differentiation among skin tumors. [source] Basaloid neoplasms in nevus sebaceusJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2000Steven Kaddu Background: Nevus sebaceus (NS) (organoider nevus) may frequently be associated with the development of a number of benign and malignant neoplasms among which basaloid neoplasms are the most common. Histopathologic criteria for diagnosis and classification of basaloid proliferations arising in NS are still debated. Most previous investigators have considered them to represent mainly basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). On the contrary, a number of recent authors have proposed that most basaloid neoplasms in NS exhibit predominantly morphologic features implying benignancy, thus representing trichobalstomas (TBs). In this study, we attempted to characterize better the histopathologic features of basaloid neoplasms in NS in a large series based on current morphologic criteria. Methods: Three-hundred and sixteen cases of NS seen over 19 years were consecutively sampled and reviewed for basaloid neoplasms. Twenty-four cases of basaloid neoplasms in NS were identified and categorized based on current histopathologic criteria either as TB or BCC. For comparison of histopathologic features, 37 solitary TB were also studied. Results: Following histopathologic analysis, 22 cases were categorized as TB (91.6%, 10 males, 12 females; mean age 40.8 years, range 19,78 years) and 2 cases as BCC (8.4%, 1 male, 1 female; 32 years and 40 years). Clinical features in both groups were generally similar. The lesions presented exclusively on the head and neck as skin colored to pigmented papules or nodules within NS (scalp in 19 TB cases and 1 BCC case; face in 2 TB cases and 1 BCC case; neck in 1 TB case). Histopathologically, TB in NS were characterized by smooth-bordered basaloid aggregations with either a nodular and/or a superficial pattern, abundant fibrous stroma with focal clefts within the stroma, and prominent features of limited follicular differentiation (rudimentary follicular germs in concert with papillae). In contrast, BCC in NS showed basaloid aggregations that vary markedly in size and shape, scant fibrous stroma, focal mucinous clefts between basaloid aggregations and surrounding stroma, and lack of prominent rudimentary follicular germs in concert with papillae. Remarkably, sections in a few cases of TB showed features occasionally found in BCCs but presently widely considered to be unspecific (e.g., ulceration, cystic degeneration, and focal clefts between basaloid aggregations and surrounding stroma). Two cases of TB in NS were associated with a sebaceoma and 1 case with a desmoplastic trichilemmoma. Follow-up data in 14 TB cases and 2 BCC cases (mean follow-up 28.8 months; range 1 to 160 months) revealed no local recurrences or distant metastases. Conclusion: Our study confirms that the vast majority of the basaloid neoplasms arising in NS show clear-cut morphologic criteria for TB, whereas only a few cases display histopathologic features consistent with BCC. In a minority of cases, basaloid neoplasms with overall morphologic features of TB may present problems in diagnosis when they exhibit a few histopathologic features traditionally associated with BCC or when they occur in combination with other adnexal neoplasms. [source] A morphologic study of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: expansion of a histologic profileJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2000Jessica E. Sigel Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a fibrohistiocytic tumor of intermediate malignancy characterized by a distinctive storiform growth pattern and frequent local recurrences. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 48 cases of DFSP diagnosed at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between 1970 and 1999 to determine the prevalence of morphologic variations including the presence of giant cell fibroblastoma (GCF)-like areas, multinucleated giant cells, hypercellular zones and fibrosarcomatous change. Results: The cohort consisted of 42 patients (20 males, 22 females) with a median age at diagnosis of 40 years (range: 10,73 years). Forty-one primary tumors and seven recurrences were evaluated from these 42 patients. Tumor sites included the trunk (22 cases), head and neck (8 cases), upper extremities (7 cases) and lower extremities (6 cases). GCF-like areas were identified in seven (14.6%), multinucleated giant cells in ten (20.8%), hypercellular zones in 12 (25%) and fibrosarcomatous change in six (12.5%) cases, respectively. Combinations included giant cells and GCF-like areas (two cases), giant cells and hypercellular zone (two cases), and GCF-like areas and hypercellular zones (one case). Our findings suggest that DFSP has a wider range of morphologic features, including GCF-like areas, multinucleated giant cells, hypercellular zones and fibrosarcomatous change, than has been previously recognized in the literature. [source] Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Dental Enamel Surface Exposed to 35% Hydrogen Peroxide: Alone, With Saliva, and With 10% Carbamide PeroxideJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2003MARIANNE SPALDING MS ABSTRACT Several vital bleaching systems have been introduced in response to the demand in esthetic dentistry. The active agents are commonly hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide used in at-home or in-office techniques. Although generally positive results have been reported concerning the whitening ability of these agents, concerns still remain as to their effects on dental tissues. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of these bleaching agents on the enamel surface morphology. Twelve extracted teeth were used according to three experimental protocols. In experimental protocol 1, specimens were treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide. In experimental protocol 2, after treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide the specimens were immersed in natural saliva for 1 week. In experimental protocol 3, 35% hydrogen peroxide was applied once and 10% carbamide peroxide was applied for 1 week (12 h of 10% carbamide peroxide alternating with 12 h saliva). Scanning electron microscopy evaluation revealed that regional variation in tooth morphology surface sometimes exceeded the effects of the peroxide used according to experimental protocols. Thirty-five percent hydrogen peroxide had a tendency to promote an increase in density of pits. Precipitates were observed on specimen surfaces immersed in natural saliva according to protocol 2. A smooth and shiny surface was observed in specimens treated according to protocol 3. The potential relationship between surface alterations and differences in enamel permeability is currently under investigation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The differences in various articles written on the subject cannot be reconciled because of the lack of standardization of baseline data regarding factors such as location on the tooth, type of tooth, eruption or noneruption, and age in the oral cavity. This article demonstrates that, despite changes observed in the enamel surface after bleaching, normal variation in tooth morphology may exceed the effects of 35% hydrogen peroxide and 10% carbamide peroxide on the teeth. Hence, considering the morphologic features of the tooth surface, bleaching, as described in this study, can be considered safe for enamel. [source] Sexual Dimorphism in America: Geometric Morphometric Analysis of the Craniofacial Region,JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 1 2008Erin H. Kimmerle Ph.D. Abstract:, One of the four pillars of the anthropological protocol is the estimation of sex. The protocol generally consists of linear metric analysis or visually assessing individual skeletal traits on the skull and pelvis based on an ordinal scale of 1,5, ranging from very masculine to very feminine. The morphologic traits are then some how averaged by the investigator to estimate sex. Some skulls may be misclassified because of apparent morphologic features that appear more or less robust due to size differences among individuals. The question of misclassification may be further exemplified in light of comparisons across populations that may differ not only in cranial robusticity but also in stature and general physique. The purpose of this study is to further examine the effect of size and sex on craniofacial shape among American populations to better understand the allometric foundation of skeletal traits currently used for sex estimation. Three-dimensional coordinates of 16 standard craniofacial landmarks were collected using a Microscribe-3DX digitizer. Data were collected for 118 American White and Black males and females from the W.M. Bass Donated Collection and the Forensic Data Bank. The MANCOVA procedure tested shape differences as a function of sex and size. Sex had a significant influence on shape for both American Whites (F = 2.90; d.f. = 19, 39; p > F = 0.0024) and Blacks (F = 2.81; d.f. = 19, 37; p > F = 0.0035), whereas size did not have a significant influence on shape in either Whites (F = 1.69; d.f. = 19, 39; p > F = 0.08) or Blacks (F = 1.09; d.f. = 19, 37; p > F = 0.40). Therefore, for each sex, individuals of various sizes were statistically the same shape. In other words, while significant differences were present between the size of males and females (males on average were larger), there was no size effect beyond that accounted for by sex differences in size. Moreover, the consistency between American groups is interesting as it suggests that population differences in sexual dimorphism may result more from human variation in size than allometric variation in craniofacial morphology. [source] Differentiation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms from other pancreatic cystic masses: Comparison of multirow-detector CT and MR imaging using ROC analysisJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 1 2007Su Jin Song MD Abstract Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of multirow-detector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the differentiation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) from other pancreatic cystic masses. Materials and Methods A total of 53 patients with pathologically proven pancreatic cystic lesions who had undergone MDCT and MRI were included in this study. Two radiologists analyzed the morphologic features of the lesions and graded the lesion conspicuity on each examination. The readers assigned their confidence level regarding the differentiation of IPMN from other lesions and predicting ductal communication of the lesion. The radiologists' diagnostic confidence was compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results The Az values for each observer for predicting ductal communication of the lesion and differentiating IPMN from other lesions were as follows: For MRI they were respectively 0.949 and 0.995 for reader 1, and 0.916 and 0.932 for reader 2. For MDCT they were respectively 0.790 and 0.875 for reader 1, and 0.774 and 0.850 for reader 2. In addition, for differentiating IPMNs from other lesions, MRI was significantly more accurate than MDCT (P < 0.05) for one observer, but for the other observer there was no significant difference between the two examinations (P = 0.059). For predicting ductal communication of the cystic lesions for both observers, MRI was significantly more accurate than MDCT (P < 0.05). The weighted , values indicate good agreement (, = 0.61) between observers for MDCT, and excellent agreement (, = 0.82) for MRI. Conclusion Pancreatic MRI shows better diagnostic performance than MDCT for differentiating IPMNs from other cystic lesions of the pancreas. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:86,93. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Co-registered spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging systemJOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY, Issue 2 2010D.K. KANG Summary Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging are two non-contact optical imaging technologies that provide images of tissue cellular and architectural morphology, which are both used for histopathological diagnosis. Although spectrally encoded confocal microscopy has better transverse resolution than optical frequency domain imaging, optical frequency domain imaging can penetrate deeper into tissues, which potentially enables the visualization of different morphologic features. We have developed a co-registered spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging system and have obtained preliminary images from human oesophageal biopsy samples to compare the capabilities of these imaging techniques for diagnosing oesophageal pathology. [source] Effects of Tooth Preparation Burs and Luting Cement Types on the Marginal Fit of Extracoronal RestorationsJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 2 2009Mohamed F. Ayad BDS Abstract Purpose: Although surface roughness of axial walls could contribute to precision of a cast restoration, it is unclear how the roughness of tooth preparation affects marginal fit of the restoration in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to describe the morphologic features of dentin surfaces prepared by common rotary instruments of similar shapes and to determine their effects on the marginal fit for complete cast crowns. Materials and Methods: Ninety crowns were cast for standardized complete crown tooth preparations. Diamond, tungsten carbide finishing, and crosscut carbide burs of similar shape were used (N = 30). The crowns in each group were subdivided into three groups (n = 10) for use with different luting cements: zinc phosphate cement (Fleck's), glass ionomer cement (Ketac-Cem), and adhesive resin cement (Panavia 21). Marginal fit was measured with a light microscope in a plane parallel to the tooth surface before and after cementation between four pairs of index indentations placed at equal distances around the circumference of each specimen. Difference among groups was tested for statistical significance with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch Multiple Range Test (,= 0.05). Results: Analysis of measurements disclosed a statistically significant difference for burs used to finish tooth preparations (p < 0.001); however, luting cement measurements were not significantly different (p= 0.152). Also, the interaction effect was not significantly different (p= 0.685). For zinc phosphate cement, the highest marginal discrepancy value (100 ± 106 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with carbide burs, and the lowest discrepancy value (36 ± 30 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with finishing burs. For glass ionomer cement, the highest marginal discrepancy value (61 ± 47 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with carbide burs, and the lowest discrepancy value (33 ± 40 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with finishing burs. For adhesive resin cement, the highest marginal discrepancy value (88 ± 81 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with carbide burs, and the lowest discrepancy value (19 ± 17 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with finishing burs. Conclusions: Marginal fit of complete cast crowns is influenced by tooth preparation surface characteristics, regardless of the type of luting agent used for cementation. Tooth preparations refined with finishing burs may favor the placement of restorations with the smallest marginal discrepancies, regardless of the type of cement used. [source] On the development of name search techniques for ArabicJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Syed Uzair Aqeel The need for effective identity matching systems has led to extensive research in the area of name search. For the most part, such work has been limited to English and other Latin-based languages. Consequently, algorithms such as Soundex and n -gram matching are of limited utility for languages such as Arabic, which has vastly different morphologic features that rely heavily on phonetic information. The dearth of work in this field is partly caused by the lack of standardized test data. Consequently, we have built a collection of 7,939 Arabic names, along with 50 training queries and 111 test queries. We use this collection to evaluate a variety of algorithms, including a derivative of Soundex tailored to Arabic (ASOUNDEX), measuring effectiveness by using standard information retrieval measures. Our results show an improvement of 70% over existing approaches. [source] Immunohistochemical evidence for hepatic progenitor cells in liver diseasesLIVER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2002Jianyou Tan Abstract:, Background/Aim: Proliferative bile ductular reactions occur in a variety of liver diseases in humans. It is a matter of debate whether such reactions result from progenitor cell proliferation with biliary and hepatocytic differentiation, versus biliary metaplasia of damaged hepatocytes. We investigated bile ductular reactions in liver diseases, paying particular attention to the presence of cells with intermediate (hepatocytic/biliary) features (oval-like cells). Methods: Five specimens each were selected of submassive hepatic necrosis and cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, autoimmune hepatitis, alcohol injury, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Immunohistochemical stains were performed for biliary markers (cytokeratins [CKs] 7 and 19), as well as hepatocytic markers (HepParl and alpha-fetoprotein[AFP]) in sequential sections. The degree of staining of each cell type (biliary, hepatocytic, intermediate) was graded semiquantitatively. Results: Hepatocytes always stained diffusely for HepParl, occasionally for CK7, and rarely for CK19. Biliary cells were always diffusely positive for CK7 and CK19, and rarely for HepParl. Intermediate cells were identified in all cases and showed widespread staining for both HepParl and CK7, and less commonly for CK19. AFP was not expressed in any cell type. The morphologic and immunohistochemical features of bile ductular reactions were similar in the different diseases. Conclusions: Proliferating hepatic parenchymal cells with intermediate (hepatocytic/biliary) morphologic features and combined immunophenotype can be identified in a variety of acute and chronic liver diseases. The similarity of bile ductular reactions among chronic hepatitic, alcoholic and biliary diseases suggests that they result from proliferation of oval-like progenitor cells. [source] CD5-Negative, CD10-Negative small B-cell leukemia: Variant of chronic lymphocytic leukemia or a distinct entity?,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Salwa S. Sheikh Abstract CD5- and CD10-negative chronic lymphocytic leukemias are quite uncommon as compared to the CD5-positive CLL. We reviewed 250 sequential cases of peripheral blood lymphocytosis to characterize cases of small B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, submitted with a clinical diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia exhibiting a non-classic immunophenotypic profile. Six cases of CD5-, CD10-negative chronic lymphocytic leukemias and no tissue involvement were identified that revealed high-density surface-membrane immunoglobulin and CD20 expression, with variable expression of CD11c, CD23, and CD25. Most had a profound leukocytosis (mean WBC 180 × 109/L) with proliferation of mature-appearing lymphocytes. Subsequent bone marrow biopsies showed diffuse infiltration by neoplastic cells in all evaluated patients. The clinical course appeared indolent, with follow-up revealing three patients alive (survival time 38,68 months), while two died of unrelated causes and one was lost to follow-up soon after diagnosis. These cases may represent somewhat unusual chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, with morphologic features and immunophenotypic profile not readily classifiable, but which are certainly atypical for classic chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Some of these features are reminiscent of those seen in marginal-zone lymphoma. However, it is most unusual for this known to be tissue-based disease to present primarily as leukemia rather than lymphoma. Am. J. Hematol. 71:306,310, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Molecular mechanisms of UV-induced apoptosisPHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE, Issue 5 2000D. Kulms Sunburn cells, single standing cells with typical morphologic features occurring in UV-exposed skin, have been recognized as keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis following UV irradiation. Induction of apoptosis following UV exposure appears to be a protective mechanism, getting rid off severely damaged cells that bear the risk of malignant transformation. UV-mediated apoptosis is a highly complex process in which different molecular pathways are involved. These include DNA damage, activation of the tumor suppressor gene p53, triggering of cell death receptors either directly by UV or by autocrine release of death ligands, mitochondrial damage and cytochrome C release. Detailed knowledge about the interplay between these pathways will increase our understanding of photocarcinogenesis. This review briefly discusses recent findings concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying UV-induced apoptosis. [source] Renal corpuscle of the sturgeon kidney: An ultrastructural, chemical dissection, and lectin-binding studyTHE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2003José L. Ojeda Abstract The sturgeon is an ancient species of fish that thrives in a wide range of ecological environments, from freshwater to seawater. Basic in this process of adaptation is the ability of the kidney to control fluid filtration and urine formation. However, the morphological basis of this process is mostly unknown. The aim of the present study was to use microdissection techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and lectin-binding histochemistry) to examine the structure of the renal corpuscle of the sturgeon Acipenser nacarii in order to reveal morphologic features that could be related to function, phylogeny, and habitat. The renal corpuscles are aligned along the intrarrenal arteries. The urinary pole shows a siphon-like neck segment (NS) in 92% of the nephrons, whose structural characteristics are different from those of other fish. The podocytes have cuboidal cellular bodies, intercellular contacts, and poorly developed cell processes. The podocyte glycocalyx contains N-acetylglucosamine and lacks sialic acid. The structural and lectin-binding patterns are similar to those found in the immature mammalian kidney. The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is very thick and consists of three layers: a lamina rara externa, a lamina densa, and a thick subendothelial lamina. The latter contains tubular microfibrils, collagen fibers, and long mesangial cell processes. Frequently, the podocyte bodies attach directly to the GBM, and the area occupied by the filtration slits is very small. Furthermore, the GBM shows a glycosylation pattern different from that observed in most vertebrates. Contrary to what would be expected in sturgeons living in freshwater, the A. nacarii renal corpuscle morphology suggests a low glomerular filtration rate. Anat Rec Part A 272A: 563,573, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] MRI and 1H MRS of The Breast: Presence of a Choline Peak as Malignancy Marker is Related to k21 Value of the Tumor in Patients with Invasive Ductal CarcinomaTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 6 2008Patricia R. Geraghty MD Abstract:, To assess which specific morphologic features, enhancement patterns, or pharmacokinetic parameters on breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) could predict a false-negative outcome of Proton MR Spectroscopy (1H MRS) exam in patients with invasive breast cancer. Sixteen patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were prospectively included and underwent both, contrast-enhanced breast MRI and 1H MRS examination of the breast. The MR images were reviewed and the lesions morphologic features, enhancement patterns and pharmacokinetic parameters (k21-value) were scored according to the ACR BI-RADS-MRI lexicon criteria. For the in vivo MRS studies, each spectrum was evaluated for the presence of choline based on consensus reading. Breast MRI and 1H MRS data were compared to histopathologic findings. In vivo 1H MRS detected a choline peak in 14/16 (88%) cancers. A false-negative 1H MRS study occurred in 2/16 (14%) cancer patients. K21 values differed between both groups: the 14 choline positive cancers had k21 values ranging from 0.01 to 0.20/second (mean 0.083/second), whereas the two choline-negative cancers showed k21 values of 0.03 and 0.05/second, respectively (mean 0.040/second). Also enhancement kinetics did differ between both groups; typically both cancers that were choline-negative showed a late phase plateau (100%), whereas this was only shown in 5/14 (36%) of the choline positive cases. There was no difference between both groups with regard to morphologic features on MRI. This study showed that false-negative 1H MRS examinations do occur in breast cancer patients, and that the presence of a choline peak on 1H MRS as malignancy marker is related to the k21 value of the invasive tumor being imaged. [source] Standard Template of Adult MagnetocardiogramANNALS OF NONINVASIVE ELECTROCARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Akihiko Kandori Ph.D. Background: We need to know the magnetocardiogram (MCG) features regarding waveform and two-dimensional current distribution in normal subjects in order to classify the abnormal waveform in patients with heart disease. However, a standard MCG waveform has not been produced yet, therefore, we have first made the standard template MCG waveform. Methods and Results: We used data from 464 normal control subjects' 64-channel MCGs (268 males, 196 females) to produce a template MCG waveform. The measured data were averaged after shortening or lengthening and normalization. The time interval and amplitude of the averaged data were adjusted to mean values obtained from a database. Furthermore, the current distributions (current arrow maps [CAMs]) were calculated from the produced templates to determine the current distribution pattern. The produced template of the QRS complex had a typical shape in six regions that we defined (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6). In the P wave, the main current arrow in CAMs pointing in a lower-left direction appeared in M1. In the QRS complex, the typical wave appeared in each region, and there were two main current arrows in M2 and M5. There were negative T waves in M1, M4, and M5, and positive T waves in M3 and M6, and the main current arrow pointing in a lower-left direction appeared in M2. Conclusion: Template MCG waveforms were produced. These morphologic features were classified into six regions, and the current distribution was characterized in each region. Consequently, the templates and classifications enable understanding MCG features and writing clinical reports. [source] Change in joint space width: Hyaline articular cartilage loss or alteration in meniscus?ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 8 2006D. J. Hunter Objective To explore the relative contribution of hyaline cartilage morphologic features and the meniscus to the radiographic joint space. Methods The Boston Osteoarthritis of the Knee Study is a natural history study of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Baseline and 30-month followup assessments included knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluoroscopically positioned weight-bearing knee radiographs. Cartilage and meniscal degeneration were scored on MRI in the medial and lateral tibiofemoral joints using a semiquantitative grading system. Meniscal position was measured to the nearest millimeter. The dependent variable was joint space narrowing (JSN) on the plain radiograph (possible range 0,3). The predictor variables were MRI cartilage score, meniscal degeneration, and meniscal position measures. We first conducted a cross-sectional analysis using multivariate regression to determine the relative contribution of meniscal factors and cartilage morphologic features to JSN, adjusting for body mass index (BMI), age, and sex. The same approach was used for change in JSN and change in predictor variables. Results We evaluated 264 study participants with knee OA (mean age 66.7 years, 59% men, mean BMI 31.4 kg/m2). The results from the models demonstrated that meniscal position and meniscal degeneration each contributed to prediction of JSN, in addition to the contribution by cartilage morphologic features. For change in medial joint space, both change in meniscal position and change in articular cartilage score contributed substantially to narrowing of the joint space. Conclusion The meniscus (both its position and degeneration) accounts for a substantial proportion of the variance explained in JSN, and the change in meniscal position accounts for a substantial proportion of change in JSN. [source] Morphology and sedimentary systems in the Central Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula: sedimentary dynamics from shelf to basinBASIN RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009Marga García ABSTRACT A detailed regional characterization of the physiography, morphology and sedimentary systems of the Central Bransfield Basin (CBB) was carried out using swath bathymetry and high- and very high-resolution seismic profiles. The basin margins show continental shelves with numerous glacial troughs, and continental slopes where relatively wide and flat slope platforms represent the middle domain in an atypical physiographic scenario in glaciated margins. Although the CBB is tectonically active, most of the morphologic features are sedimentary in origin, and can be classified into four sedimentary systems: (1) glacial-glaciomarine, composed of erosional surfaces, glacial troughs, furrows and draping sheets; (2) slope-basin, formed by trough mouth fans, slope aprons, the Gebra-Magia instability complex and turbidity systems; (3) seabed fluid outflow system composed of pockmark fields; and (4) contourite, composed of drifts and moats. The sedimentary systems show a clear zonation from shelf to basin and their dynamics reflects the complex interplay among glacial, glaciomarine, marine and oceanographic processes involved in the entire shelf-to-basin sediment distribution. The CBB morphology is primarily controlled by glacial/interglacial cyclicity and physiography and to a lesser extent by tectonics and oceanography. These factors have affected the South Shetland Islands (SSI) and Antarctic Peninsula (AP) margins differently, creating a relatively starved SSI margin and a more constructional AP margin. They have also created two entire sediment-dispersal domains: the shelf-to-slope, which records the glaciation history of the CBB; and the lower slope-to-basin, which records the imprint of local factors. This study provides a ,source-to-sink' sedimentary scheme for glaciated margins, which may be applied to the basin research in other margins, based on the characterization of sedimentary systems, their boundaries and the linkages among them. This approach proves to be adequate for the identification of global and local factors governing the CBB and may therefore be applied to other study areas. [source] The impact of cytomorphology, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and immunophenotyping in a comprehensive diagnostic workup of myelodysplastic syndromesCANCER, Issue 19 2009Ulrike Bacher MD Abstract BACKGROUND: Because of limited reproducibility of morphologic features, the morphological categorization of initial myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) cases remains a major task in a diagnostic setting. METHODS: To further evaluate the role of additional diagnostic methods for suspected early MDS, the authors analyzed 1965 cases with unclear cytopenia where at least cytomorphology and immunophenotyping were performed in parallel, combined with cytogenetics and molecular genetics. RESULTS: In 353 patients, both methods diagnosed malignant/nonmalignant disease other than MDS, and 557 patients had MDS-refractory anemia with excess of blasts/chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The remaining 1055 patients (53.7%), where early MDS/reactive cytopenia had to be assumed, were categorized into 6 groups depending on cytomorphology/immunophenotyping results for or against MDS. In 659 of 1055 cases (62.4%) with suspected initial MDS, cytomorphology and immunophenotyping were concordant in the categorization of MDS/non-MDS. Cytogenetics, available in 951 of 1055 patients, revealed the highest frequency of aberrant karyotypes when both cytomorphology and immunophenotyping proposed MDS (63 of 227; 27.8%). But also in the groups where either cytomorphology or immunophenotyping showed evidence of MDS, aberrant karyotypes were found in 6% to 14% of patients. Even when both morphology and immunophenotyping showed no MDS, 11 of 208 (5.3%) had cytogenetic aberrations. RUNX1/AML1 mutation screening was positive in 15% in the latter group. NRAS, MLL -PTD, NPM1, and JAK2V617F were detected in low frequencies, confirming MDS diagnosis in the respective cases. CONCLUSIONS: This report outlines the power of a combined diagnostic approach for suspected initial cases of MDS including immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics with selected markers in addition to cytomorphology. Diagnostic algorithms should be developed, and immunophenotyping should be further validated for this specific indication. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society. [source] Tri(propylene glycol) glycerolate diacrylate cross-linked polystyrene: a new resin support for solid-phase peptide synthesisCHEMICAL BIOLOGY & DRUG DESIGN, Issue 1 2003P.G. Sasikumar Abstract: A highly flexible, mechanically and chemically stable copolymer, tri(propylene glycol) glycerolate diacrylate cross-linked polystyrene (PS-TRPGGDA), was synthesized by the suspension polymerization and employed as a solid support for peptide synthesis. The beaded polymer support containing secondary hydroxyl functional groups in the cross-linker was used as the growth site for peptide synthesis. The procedure is unique and cost-effective in that it avoids the initial functionalization steps required for most of the styrene-based polymer supports. The resin was characterized by 13C-CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy and the morphologic features of the resin were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Swelling studies conducted on the new support revealed that the PS-TRPGGDA resin undergoes more effective swelling and solvation than PS-DVB resin in all solvents used in peptide synthesis. The efficiency of the new support was demonstrated by synthesizing a ,difficult' sequence Ala-Arg-(Ala)6 -Lys and comparing it with commercially available Merrifield and Sheppard resins. The synthetic efficiency was further demonstrated by the synthesis of a 24-residue NR 2A peptide substrate of calcium/calmodulin-binding peptide. The high yield and purity of the peptide synthesized on the novel support indicates the positive role of the flexible and hydrophilic cross-linking agent in the solid support. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||