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Morality
Kinds of Morality Selected AbstractsGERT'S THEORY OF COMMON MORALITYMETAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 4 2007CARSON STRONG First page of article [source] I. MORALITY, INTERPRETATION, AND PERSPECTIVEMONOGRAPHS OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2005Article first published online: 16 DEC 200 First page of article [source] SECRECY IN CONSEQUENTIALISM: A DEFENCE OF ESOTERIC MORALITYRATIO, Issue 1 2010Katarzyna De Lazari-Radek Sidgwick's defence of esoteric morality has been heavily criticized, for example in Bernard Williams's condemnation of it as ,Government House utilitarianism.' It is also at odds with the idea of morality defended by Kant, Rawls, Bernard Gert, Brad Hooker, and T.M. Scanlon. Yet it does seem to be an implication of consequentialism that it is sometimes right to do in secret what it would not be right to do openly, or to advocate publicly. We defend Sidgwick on this issue, and show that accepting the possibility of esoteric morality makes it possible to explain why we should accept consequentialism, even while we may feel disapproval towards some of its implications. [source] ON THE MORALITY OF GUINEA-PIG RECRUITMENTBIOETHICS, Issue 6 2010MIKHAIL VALDMAN ABSTRACT Can it be wrong to conduct medical research on human subjects even with their informed consent and even when the transaction between the subjects and researchers is expected to be mutually beneficial? This question is especially pressing today in light of the rise of a semi-professional class of ,guinea pigs', human research subjects that sell researchers a right of access to their bodies in exchange for money. Can these exchanges be morally problematic even when they are consensual and mutually beneficial? I argue that there are two general kinds of concern one can have about such transactions , concerns about the nature of what is sold and concerns about the conditions in which the selling occurs. The former involves worries about degradation and the possible wrongness of selling a right of access to one's body. These worries, I argue, are not very serious. The latter involves worries about coercion, exploitation, and undue influence , about how, by virtue of their ignorance, impulsiveness, or desperation, guinea pigs can be taken advantage of by medical researchers. These worries are quite serious but I argue that, at least in cases where the exchange between guinea pigs and researchers is consensual and mutually beneficial, they do not raise insurmountable moral problems. [source] PARENTAL VIRTUE: A NEW WAY OF THINKING ABOUT THE MORALITY OF REPRODUCTIVE ACTIONSBIOETHICS, Issue 4 2007ROSALIND MCDOUGALL ABSTRACT In this paper I explore the potential of virtue ethical ideas to generate a new way of thinking about the ethical questions surrounding the creation of children. Applying ideas from neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics to the parental sphere specifically, I develop a framework for the moral assessment of reproductive actions that centres on the concept of parental virtue. I suggest that the character traits of the good parent can be used as a basis for determining the moral permissibility of a particular reproductive action. I posit three parental virtues and argue that we can see the moral status of a reproductive action as determined by the relationship between such an action and (at least) these virtues. Using a case involving selection for deafness, I argue that thinking in terms of the question ,would a virtuous parent do this?' when morally assessing reproductive action is a viable and useful way of thinking about issues in reproductive ethics. [source] Farmer Morality and Maryland's Nutrient Management RegulationsCULTURE, AGRICULTURE, FOOD & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 3 2000Assistant Professor Michael Paolisso First page of article [source] Seeing What is the Kind Thing to Do: Perception and Emotion in MoralityDIALECTICA, Issue 3 2007Peter Goldie I argue that it is possible, in the right circumstances, to see what the kind thing is to do: in the right circumstances, we can, literally, see deontic facts, as well as facts about others' emotional states, and evaluative facts. In arguing for this, I will deploy a notion of non-inferential perceptual belief or judgement according to which the belief or judgement is arrived at non-inferentially in the phenomenological sense (in the sense of involving no conscious reasoning on the subject's part) and yet is inferential in the epistemic sense (in the sense of being justifiable by the subject after the belief or judgement has been arrived at). The ability to arrive at these kinds of beliefs and judgements is part of virtue, and is also part of what it is to grasp thick ethical concepts in an engaged way. When we come to thinner evaluative and deontic facts and thinner ethical concepts, however, the requirements for non-inferential perceptual belief and judgement are less easily met. Seeing what is the kind thing to do is one matter; seeing what is the right thing to do is another. [source] The Evolution of MoralityETHOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Article first published online: 12 FEB 200 First page of article [source] Growing up Charismatic: Morality and Spirituality among Children in a Religious CommunityETHOS, Issue 4 2009Thomas J. Csordas The first question has to do with the problem of how charisma can be successfully transferred to the second generation of a prophetic community. The second question has to do with how children come to be, and to act as, moral and spiritual beings. These questions converge in a particular way in the ethnographic setting of The Word of God Community: it is founded on a charismatic spirituality closely intertwined with a moral imperative, such that its viability depends on reproduction of that morality and spirituality among children of the founding generation. Data come from interviews with 38 children across three age groups (5,7, 10,12, and 15,17 years), conducted over a four-week period subsequent to a community schism, which left members in a state of reflection, self-examination, and openness. We focus on children's responses to a series of culturally specific vignettes designed to present various dilemmas of moral reasoning. In this highly charged context moral and spiritual life are based on an active engagement characterized by dynamic and contested processes, and it is through these processes that individuals make meaning out of and reconstruct the moral code of their culture. [childhood and adolescence, religion, Catholic Charismatic Renewal, Pentecostalism, morality, spirituality, intentional communities] [source] The Second Treatise in In the Genealogy of Morality: Nietzsche on the Origin of the Bad ConscienceEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2001Mathias Risse First page of article [source] Sexual Morality in Ancient Rome,by Rebecca LanglandsGENDER & HISTORY, Issue 1 2010CRESSIDA RYAN No abstract is available for this article. [source] On Morality, Self-interest and Foreign PolicyGOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 2 2002Chris Brown First page of article [source] Reading the Rural Modern: Literacy and Morality in Republican China1HISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2009Kate Merkel-Hess This essay was runner-up in the 2007 History Compass Graduate Essay Prize, Asia Section. In the mid-1920s many education reformers turned their attention away from the urban illiterates who had been the focus of recent mass education efforts and toward the countryside and rural residents instead. In order to engage rural readers, reformers created a body of literature that addressed rural issues, articulating a reformed vision of a modern countryside as they did so. As the most prominent of the mass education programs, the Mass Education Movement's publications reached millions of Chinese. On the pages of their 1920s publications, the MEM constructed a vision of a ,rural modern' that emphasized a literate citizenry as the basis of a reformed countryside and modern nation. In this way, even while reformers attempted to democratize access to knowledge, they affirmed a Confucian relationship of education to morality. [source] BOOK REVIEWS: Morality and Our Complicated Form of Life: Feminist Wittgensteinian Metaethics.HYPATIA, Issue 1 2010By PEG O'CONNOR No abstract is available for this article. [source] On the Morality of Not Crossing Picket LinesHYPATIA, Issue 4 2005PHIL GASPER No abstract is available for this article. [source] Particularity and Perspective Taking: On Feminism and Habermas's Discourse Theory of MoralityHYPATIA, Issue 4 2004Charles WrightArticle first published online: 16 DEC 200 Seyla Benhabib's critique of Jürgen Habermas's moral theory claims that his approach is not adequate for the needs of a feminist moral theory. I argue that her analysis is mistaken. I also show that Habermas's moral theory, properly understood, satisfies many of the conditions identified by feminist moral philosophers as necessary for an adequate moral theory. A discussion of the compatibility between the model of reciprocal perspective taking found in Habermas's moral theory and that found in Maria Lugones's essay "Playfulness,,World'-Travelling, and Loving Perception" reinforces the claim that his moral theory holds as yet unrecognized promise for feminist moral philosophy. [source] Sovereignty and State Practice: Morality and BeingINTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 2 2010Ken Fraser No abstract is available for this article. [source] Guilt and Shame in Chinese Culture: A Cross-cultural Framework from the Perspective of Morality and IdentityJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 2 2003Olwen Bedford Olwen Bedford and Kwang-Kuo Hwang, Guilt and Shame in Chinese Culture: A Cross-cultural Framework from the Perspective of Morality and Identity, pp. 127,144. This article formulates a cross-cultural framework for understanding guilt and shame based on a conceptualization of identity and morality in Western and Confucian cultures. First, identity is examined in each culture, and then the relation between identity and morality illuminated. The role of guilt and shame in upholding the boundaries of identity and enforcing the constraints of morality is then discussed from the perspective of each culture. The developed framework is then applied the emotions of guilt and shame in Chinese culture drawing on previous field research. Implications for future research are discussed. [source] Art, Morality, and the Holocaust: The Aesthetic Riddle of Benigni's Life Is BeautifulJOURNAL OF AESTHETICS AND ART CRITICISM, Issue 4 2001Casey Haskins [source] Animals, Pain and MoralityJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2005ALAN CARTER ABSTRACT While it is widely agreed that the infliction upon innocents of needless pain is immoral, many have argued that, even though nonhuman animals act as if they feel pain, there is no reason to think that they actually suffer painful experiences. And if our actions only appear to cause nonhuman animals pain, then such actions are not immoral. On the basis of the claim that certain behavioural responses to organismic harm are maladaptive, whereas the ability to feel pain is itself adaptive, this article argues that the experience of pain should be viewed as the proximate cause of such occasionally maladaptive behaviour. But as nonhuman animals also display such maladaptive traits, we have reason to conclude that they feel pain. Hence, we have reason to hold that it is indeed possible to inflict needless pain on nonhuman animals, which would be immoral. [source] Contrasting Role Morality and Professional Morality: Implications for PracticeJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2003Kevin Gibson Investigating role morality is important, since the mentality of role morality may allow agents to believe they can abdicate moral responsibility when acting in a role. This is particularly significant in the literature dealing with professional morality where professionals, because of their special status, may find themselves at odds with their best moral judgments. Here I tell four stories and draw out some distinctions. I conclude that role morality is a genuine and useful distinction. However, I suggest that the purported distinction between role morality and professional morality is over-determined. Therefore, alleged conflicts between the demands of role and profession (such as the different pressures on Pinto designers as employees and as engineers) are not conflicts between different kinds of demands, but rather conflicts arising from divergent roles that most workers will encounter regularly. Another analytical perspective is to look at moral choices at work in terms of power and the ability to bring about change. Finally, I draw the implication that we should stress moral awareness at a fairly abstract level for all employees and reinforce the moral primacy of individual choice. [source] The Role of Leader Morality in the Interaction Effect of Procedural Justice and Outcome FavorabilityJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2009Xiao-Wan Lin The present research explored the role of leader morality in the interaction effect of procedural justice and outcome favorability, and attempted to connect justice and morality construct in a new direction. Two studies in different settings and using different designs (a scenario experiment and a survey) yielded convergent results. When leader morality was high, the interaction effect of procedural justice and outcome favorability was significant, and fair procedures mitigated the negative effect of low outcome favorability. When leader morality was low, however, the interaction between procedural justice and outcome favorability was absent. [source] Confucius and Act-Centered MoralityJOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2000Hsei-Yung Hsu [source] Confucian Onto-Hermeneutics: Morality and OntologyJOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2000Chung-Ying Cheng [source] Assembling the "Empire of Morality": State Building Strategies in Catholic Ecuador, 1861,1875JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Derek Williams This article studies the efforts of the Ecuadorian government between 1861 and 1875 to construct a "truly catholic nation". It examines the implementation and engagement of centralized initiatives of morality and religiosity, and reflects on its implications for the repositioning of state-society boundaries. Specifically, it considers the government's efforts after 1869 to centrally coordinate the institutions of municipal government and Church, and to redeploy them for national moralizing ends. It assesses the substantial achievements and limits of this model for strengthening state power and for disseminating "national" meanings of citizenship and progress. [source] Journey of Song: Public Life and Morality in Cameroon , By Clare A. IgnatowskiJOURNAL OF LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2008JENNIFER E. JACOBS [source] Public Philosophy: Essays on Morality and Politics , By Michael J. SandelJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY, Issue 2 2009Philip A. Quadrio No abstract is available for this article. [source] Culture: A Possible Predictor of Morality for African American AdolescentsJOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 2 2009Marisha L. Humphries This study examined the ways in which cultural orientation (communalism and material well-being) and empathy influence the moral reasoning of African American middle to late adolescents. Specifically, this study utilized path analysis to investigate Ward's (1995) hypothesis that a communal orientation would promote morality among African American adolescents, while a material well-being orientation would mitigate against it. In addition, it was hypothesized that empathy would mediate the relationship between cultural orientation and moral reasoning. Thirty-seven high school students and 35 college students participated in the study. Results revealed that communalism was a significant predictor of empathy. Despite prediction, communalism and material well-being were not predictors of moral reasoning. The findings did not yield support for empathy functioning as a mediator between communalism and moral reasoning. These findings are discussed in terms of previous findings, methodological limitations, and implications for future research. [source] Subjectivist Cosmopolitanism and the Morality of InterventionJOURNAL OF SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2010Edward Song First page of article [source] Book Reviews: The Circulation of Children: Kinship, Adoption, and Morality in Andean Peru by Jessaca LeinaweaverAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 3 2010Krista E. Van Vleet No abstract is available for this article. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||