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Monuments
Kinds of Monuments Selected AbstractsTOMBS FOR THE DEAD, MONUMENTS TO ETERNITY: THE DELIBERATE DESTRUCTION OF MEGALITHIC GRAVES BY FIRE IN THE INTERIOR HIGHLANDS OF IBERIA (SORIA PROVINCE, SPAIN)OXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 3 2010MANUEL A. ROJO-GUERRA Summary An interpretation of the features surrounding the complex and deliberate closure ritual in several collective Middle Neolithic tombs of the Ambrona Valley (Soria) is offered, where fire and quicklime played a major role in the rituals. The problems involved in the excavation and the understanding of this complex burial evidence are examined. The roles they might have played in the context of the important social and economic transformations of the local Neolithic groups around the end of the fourth millennium cal BC are also analysed. It is argued that the burial rituals tried to reinforce group solidarity at a time when the community was beginning to fragment, as the economic systems began to yield a surplus production whose management would have altered political structures. [source] THE DATE AND SEQUENCE OF USE OF NEOLITHIC FUNERARY MONUMENTS: NEW AMS DATING EVIDENCE FROM THE COTSWOLD-SEVERN REGIONOXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 4 2006MARTIN SMITH Summary. In this paper we discuss 26 new Neolithic AMS dates obtained from human and animal bone from four previously undated funerary monuments in the Cotswold-Severn region. By strategically targeting particular portions of these skeletal assemblages, a number of valuable inferences are made concerning the extent of variation in apparently co-existing burial practices both within and between monuments. Of particular interest is the observation that variations in the extent to which interments have become disarticulated cannot necessarily be equated with chronological relationships regarding their deposition. This project has also obtained dates from cremated bone, which establish that the range of funerary treatments in practice during the earlier Neolithic also included cremation. Additionally it is observed that whilst some, apparently primary, deposits may in fact be later insertions, other material in apparently secondary contexts may actually return earlier Neolithic dates. [source] PROVENANCE OF THE SANDSTONE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHMER MONUMENTS IN THAILANDARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 4 2010E. UCHIDA We investigated the sandstone used in the construction of the Khmer monuments situated upon and around the Khorat Plateau in north-east Thailand in order to clarify the provenance. The sandstones of the 22 investigated Khmer monuments can be classified into three groups. The sandstone of Group 1 is lithic and is derived mainly from the Khok Kruat Formation. This group includes the sandstone used at Phimai, Phnom Wan, Muang Khaek etc. The sandstone of Group 2 is siliceous and can be subdivided into three further groups. The sandstone of Group 2 is considered to have been derived from the Phu Phan, Phra Wihan or Sao Khua Formations. The sandstone used at Muang Tam, Phnom Rung, Sdok Kok Thom, Preah Vihear (Khao Phra Wihan), Narai Jaeng Waeng etc. belongs to Group 2. The sandstone of Group 3 is feldspathic and is correlated with the grey to yellowish-brown sandstone that is commonly used in the Angkor monuments in Cambodia. This sandstone is used at Wat Phu and Hong Nang Sida in Laos. The above results reveal that the choice of sandstone used for the Khmer monuments, including the Angkor monuments, was dictated by the surrounding geology. [source] ROBERT HOOKE, MONUMENTS AND MEMORYART HISTORY, Issue 1 2005Christine Stevenson In June 1682, when Robert Hooke (1635,1703) delivered a lecture to the Royal Society on memory , his first and only excursion into human psychology , he had just witnessed a spectacularly public failure of memory when new texts were added to the Monument (1671,76), which he had designed with Christopher Wren. In a direct civic challenge to royal authority, these explained that the ,Papists' had set London's Great Fire of September 1666. This paper examines the tensions and accommodations between the City of London and Charles II that accompanied the Monument's erection; the column serves to dramatize the difficulties besetting would-be memorializers in Restoration England. It is suggested that Hooke's memory lecture must be read, not only in the light of specific political anxieties then attached to memory, but against the other ways in which he grappled with forms of signification, here treated as forms of historical witness. [source] Ground-penetrating radar survey of the Sny Magill Mound Group, Effigy Mounds National Monument, IowaGEOARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2008William E. Whittaker A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey of 101 mounds at the Sny Magill Unit of Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa, demonstrates that GPR can be an effective tool to evaluate the structure and condition of mounds without damaging them. Ideal survey conditions and improved processing technology allow for the identification of strata within the mounds, as well as areas of post-construction disturbance and possible archaeological features within the mounds. Provisional interpretations indicate that 60 are intact conical mounds with minimal post-construction disturbance, and two show very strong evidence of containing interior burial platforms; 29 are badly damaged by non-cultural or cultural activity; two are probable non-cultural mounds; nine are reasonably intact linear and effigy mounds; one is an excavated effigy mound. GPR and other remote-sensing techniques are highly recommended for mound investigation, but wherever possible such techniques need to be coordinated with mound excavation so as to test the remote-sensing results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Geophysical indicators of culturally emplaced soils and sedimentsGEOARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 8 2002Rinita A. Dalan Archaeologists dealing with earthen forms must distinguish those constructed by humans from those with a natural origin. Geophysical techniques can help identify culturally loaded soils and sediments. We suggest that intrinsic changes in geophysical properties, due to cultural loading, can serve as fingerprints in determining whether a mound or other earthen form is natural or culturally constructed. Culturally emplaced soils might be identified through anomalous values in geophysical properties or through unusual spatial or stratigraphic complexity. The identification of this "lumpiness" in geophysical properties may involve geophysical techniques quite different from those employed in traditional archaeogeophysical surveys. Experiments at three prehistoric mound sites (the Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Effigy Mounds National Monument, and the Hopeton Earthwork) illustrate a number of these techniques including studies of the anisotropy (directionality) of geophysical properties, seismic Rayleigh (surface) waves, and magnetic susceptibility. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] African Burial Ground Project: paradigm for cooperation?MUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1-2 2010Michael L. Blakey The eighteenth-century African Burial Ground in New York City began as a municipal cemetery in which the remains of 15,000 enslaved Africans were buried. It was abandoned to urban development during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, but rediscovered at the turn of the twenty-first, its location in the heart of downtown Manhattan becoming the site of extraordinary religious, political and scientific conflict and collaboration. The site went from desecration in 1991 to becoming a US National Monument in 2007, representing a successful example of bioarchaeology in the service of a descendant community's human rights struggle. This article suggests lessons from that struggle and points to the ethical and epistemic value of publicly engaged anthropology. [source] "The Other" and "The Enemy": Reflections on Fieldwork in UtahNORTH AMERICAN DIALOGUE (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2007Julie Brugger This paper is a reflection on doing anthropology in the United States, based on my research of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, a "protected area" in southern Utah. My research focuses on the meaning and practice of democracy in the United States by examining the impact of conservation policies on rural resource users. I question why social scientists who study conservation are able to see injustices in the protected area model when applied in "the Global South," but have not aimed critique at similar processes occurring in the U.S. Reflecting on the post fieldwork experiences of scholars Susan Harding, Faye Ginsburg, and James McCarthy, I suggest that, for American anthropologists, some "repugnant others" in the U.S. represent a threatening "enemy," while in other settings, they may not be perceived in this way. I conclude by suggesting we "write democratically" in order to overcome this limitation and realize the transformative potential of ethnography. [source] Rudston ,Cursus A', Engaging with a Neolithic Monument in Its Landscape Setting Using GISOXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 4 2003Henry P. Chapman Summary. Cursus monuments are one of the most functionally enigmatic of prehistoric structures. Surrounding Rudston, East Yorkshire, a cluster of at least four cursuses converges on a bend in the Great Wold Valley. Of these monuments, Cursus A, or the ,Woldgate Cursus', is particularly unusual, with a curving morphology that forms a ,dogleg' plan. The unique shape of this structure provides an opportunity for studying cursus morphology with the aim of interpreting its function , essentially, why does the structure curve in this way? A GIS-based approach is used which demonstrates a compelling visual relationship between the area enclosed by the cursus and the positions of two long barrows lying on its western horizon. The results of this study are considered in relation to the broader question of cursus function. [source] Habitat Overlap and Facilitation in Tamarisk and Box Elder Stands: Implications for Tamarisk Control Using Native PlantsRESTORATION ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2010John M. DeWine Invasive plants are typically managed using top-down control techniques that focus on the removal of the target organism. Bottom-up control limits the resources available to the undesired species by manipulating disturbance, competition, and successional processes, and thus may prevent reinvasion. Tamarisk species (Tamarix sp.) have invaded riparian areas throughout western North America, resulting in expansive control efforts. A companion study has shown that a native competitor, Box elder (Acer negundo), is capable of outcompeting and killing established Tamarisk through light interception in canyons of Dinosaur National Monument (DNM), Colorado. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of using Box elder as a bottom-up control agent by (1) determining the distributional overlap of the two species in DNM; (2) determining if Tamarisk facilitates Box elder establishment; and (3) analyzing Box elder seedling survival across a range of physical gradients. The distribution of Tamarisk and Box elder overlapped considerably throughout the study area. Box elder seedlings were planted under Tamarisk canopies or areas with the canopy removed. Survival was significantly higher under Tamarisk canopies, indicating that Tamarisk facilitates Box elder seedling survival. Box elder seedling survival was tested across soil texture, litter depth, groundwater depth, and shade intensities indicative of conditions found in the canyons of DNM, and survival was high for all treatments. The manipulation of competitive and successional processes through the promotion of Box elder and other native tree establishment is suggested as a means of bottom-up Tamarisk control to complement traditional control techniques. [source] Policy and practice in karst landscape protection: Bohol, the PhilippinesTHE GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2001Peter B. Urich The karst landscape in the interior of the Philippines' Bohol Province represents one of the world's premier kegelkarst (cone karst) environments. Government efforts to protect some of this karst, exemplified by the establishment of the Rajah Sikatuna National Park and the Chocolate Hills Natural Monument, have proven to be significant catalysts of social conflict. In Bohol there is a long history of traditional land tenure, which has recently been supplanted by a Westernized model. Protected area establishment is a response to deforestation, agricultural exploitation and uncontrolled quarrying. However, the imposition of protective legislation to prevent further degradation has disenfranchized and marginalized many local farmers and residents. The conflict between the obligation of the State to ensure environmental protection and the perceived property rights of landowners and farmers has provoked an escalation in civil unrest and armed conflict. [source] ROBERT HOOKE, MONUMENTS AND MEMORYART HISTORY, Issue 1 2005Christine Stevenson In June 1682, when Robert Hooke (1635,1703) delivered a lecture to the Royal Society on memory , his first and only excursion into human psychology , he had just witnessed a spectacularly public failure of memory when new texts were added to the Monument (1671,76), which he had designed with Christopher Wren. In a direct civic challenge to royal authority, these explained that the ,Papists' had set London's Great Fire of September 1666. This paper examines the tensions and accommodations between the City of London and Charles II that accompanied the Monument's erection; the column serves to dramatize the difficulties besetting would-be memorializers in Restoration England. It is suggested that Hooke's memory lecture must be read, not only in the light of specific political anxieties then attached to memory, but against the other ways in which he grappled with forms of signification, here treated as forms of historical witness. [source] Property as Interorganizational Discourse: Rights in the Politics of Public SpacesCOMMUNICATION THEORY, Issue 2 2008Todd Norton In this article, I extend organization and communication theory to conceptualize property as an interorganizational discourse. As an analytic of discourse's capacity to gain and defend stakeholder rights in the public domain, property discourses provide a rigorous, language-centered approach to organizational conflict over environmental spaces by conceptualizing how material,symbolic tensions play out diachronically. I ground this theoretical terrain through a discourse analysis of a decade-long conflict over public lands in the southern part of the U.S. state of Utah. The case,Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument,constitutes a significant clash of politics between environmental preservation and extraction and especially what political regime ought to control roads accessing this 1.9-million-acre national monument. The analysis and interpretation indicate that property politics involve a complex interplay of symbolic and material forces among stakeholders. Conceptualized in this way property discourses provide considerable insight as many nations and societies face escalating struggles over increasingly scarce resources. Résumé La propriété comme discours interorganisationnel : les droits dans la politique des espaces publics Dans cet article, j'élargis les théories de l,organisation et de la communication pour conceptualiser la propriété comme un discours interorganisationnel. Comme élément analytique de la capacité du discours de gagner et de défendre les droits des parties prenantes dans le domaine public, les discours de propriété offrent une approche rigoureuse et centrée sur le langage pour l'analyse des conflits organisationnels à propos d,espaces environnementaux. En effet, ils permettent de conceptualiser la manière dont les tensions matérielles-symboliques ont lieu de façon diachronique. Je fonde ce terrain théorique sur l'analyse discursive d,un conflit s'étirant sur une dizaine d'années autour de terres publiques dans la partie australe de l'État américain de l,Utah. Le cas , Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GS-ENM) , consiste en une dispute politique importante autour de la préservation de l'environnement et de l,extraction et, surtout, autour de la question à savoir quel régime politique devrait pouvoir contrôler des routes donnant accès à ce monument national d'une superficie de 1,9 million d,acres. L'analyse et l,interprétation indiquent que les politiques de propriété impliquent une interaction complexe de forces symboliques et matérielles des parties prenantes. Conceptualisés de cette manière, les discours de propriété offrent un aperçu considérable alors que plusieurs nations et sociétés font face à des luttes qui s'intensifient autour de ressources de plus en plus rares. Abstract Eigentum als Diskurs zwischen Organisationen. Rechte in der Politik des öffentlichen Raums In diesem Artikel erweitere ich Organisations- und Kommunikationstheorie, um Eigentum als Diskurs zwischen Organisationen zu konzeptualisieren. Als eine Analyse der Vermögens eines Diskurses, Akteursrechte in der öffentlichen Domäne zu erlangen und zu verteidigen, bieten Diskurse zum Eigentum einen entscheidenden, sprachzentrierten Ansatz zu Organisationskonflikten bezüglich Umwelträumen, indem nämlich konzeptualisiert wird, wie material-symbolische Spannungen im Zeitverlauf zusammenspielen. Die Theorie basiert auf der Diskursanalyse eines Jahrzehnte dauernden Konflikts um öffentliches Land im Süden des US-Bundesstaates Utah. Der Fall - Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GS-ENM) - bildet einen wichtigen Politikkonflikt zwischen Umweltschutz und Förderung ab , insbesondere bezüglich der Frage, welches politische Regime die Zugangsstraßen zu diesem 190 km2 großen nationalen Monuments kontrollieren soll. Die Analyse und Interpretation zeigt, dass Eigentumspolitik ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von symbolischen und materiellen Kräften von Akteuren ist. Auf diese Weise konzeptualisiert, lassen sich vor dem Hintergrund knapper werdender Ressourcen und daraus entstehenden nationalen und gesellschaftlichen Krisen wichtige Einsichten gewinnen. Resumen La Propiedad como Discurso entre las Organizaciones: Los Derechos en la Política de los Espacios Públicos En este artículo extiendo la teoría de la organización y la comunicación para conceptualizar la propiedad como un discurso entre organizaciones. Como un elemento analítico de la capacidad del discurso para ganar y defender los derechos de los interesados en el dominio público, los discursos de la propiedad proveen una aproximación rigurosa y un lenguaje centrado en el conflicto organizacional de los espacios medioambientales a través de una conceptualización de cómo las tensiones entre lo material y lo simbólico juegan un rol diacrónico. Conecto este terreno teórico a través de un análisis de una década de un discurso de conflicto sobre las tierras públicas en la parte sur del estado de Utah. El caso,Grand Staircase-Escalante Monumento Nacional (GS-ENM),constituye un enfrentamiento significativo de las políticos de preservación del medioambiente y la extracción y especialmente qué régimen político debe controlar los caminos de acceso a este monumento nacional de 1.9 millones de acres. El análisis y la interpretación indican que la política de la propiedad incluye la compleja interacción de fuerzas simbólicas y materiales entre los interesados. Conceptualizada de esta manera los discursos de la propiedad proveen de un entendimiento considerable para las muchas naciones y sociedades que enfrentan considerable disputas sobre los crecientes recursos escasos. ZhaiYao Yo yak [source] Installation age of limestone masonry determined from its viscous remagnetizationGEOARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2006Graham John Borradaile Many rocks passively acquire some time-dependent or "viscous" remanent magnetism (VRM) at ambient temperatures, without any extraordinary energetic intervention. This magnetization overprints existing remanent magnetization so that it is effectively a remagnetization subparallel to the contemporary geomagnetic field, averaging the geomagnetic field orientation. Certain limestone masonry remagnetizes viscously over an archaeologically useful interval (100 to 8000 Ka) so that the degree of remagnetization is monotonically (but not linearly) related to the construction age. The laboratory unblocking temperature (TUB) that removes the viscous magnetization is a simple monotonic measure of relative age. The longer a piece of masonry remained stabilized in a certain orientation, the greater is its viscous remagnetization and the higher is its TUB. Monuments of known age with a similar limestone source permit us to establish a calibration curve of T UB against historical ages. The resulting calibration curve may then be used to predict the ages of otherwise-undated masonry. Viscous remanent magnetism dating provides precision of <50a in medieval monuments in England and <150a precision for classical to Neolithic monuments in Cyprus; precision depends on the remagnetization rate of the limestone in question. Our calibration curves, for the Jurassic Oolitic Limestone of England and for the Lefkara-Pakhna Chalks of Cyprus, allowed us to investigate the authenticity of a medieval English synagogue in Lincoln, England, and of a medieval house in Cyprus. Multiple archaeologic VRMs show that masonry was recycled in historical times. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Monuments, Memory and Marginalisation in Adelaide's Prince Henry GardensGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2004Iain Hay Abstract Social and cultural dominance is (re)produced in the landscape by the exclusion or marginalisation of subordinate and minority groups. This paper illustrates the long-standing and ongoing exclusion of representations of indigeneity in and around Prince Henry Gardens, part of one of the most significant cultural and memorial sites in South Australia. Prince Henry Gardens is home to a large number of monuments and memorials that commemorate almost solely non-indigenous people and events. This is a selective and deliberate landscape of the dominant culture. It confirms a legacy of indigenous dispossession and is symbolic of ongoing marginalisation. While there have been recent compensatory initiatives by state and city agencies to create landscapes of reconciliation through symbolic gestures such as renaming parkland areas, these are argued to be contentious. They associate indigeneity with the city's margins, with violent places and public drunkenness, and perpetuate problematic associations between ,real' indigeneity and nature. The paper concludes with some ideas for new memorial landscapes intended to help construct a postcolonial Australian city. [source] English Church Monuments in the Middle Ages: History and Representation , By Nigel SaulHISTORY, Issue 318 2010ALAN B. COBBAN No abstract is available for this article. [source] Places Of Transformation: Building Monuments From Water And Stone In The Neolithic Of The Irish SeaTHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 1 2003CHRIS FOWLER Using the Irish Sea area as a case-study, we argue that both sites and landscapes can be understood as containing a series of components procured from the landscape and from human, animal, and object bodies. These components were organized in a way that commented on and related to specific cultural relationships between these different locations and through the substances found within them. This idea is explored by examining Neolithic monuments, material culture, and natural materials in southwest Wales, northwest Wales, the Isle of Man, and southwest Scotland. We trace some metaphorical schemes which were integral to Neolithic activity in this part of the Irish Sea. In particular, we highlight the metaphorical connections between water and stone in places associated with transformation, particularly the repeated transformation of human bodies. We suggest that the series of associations present in the Neolithic were not invested with a uniform meaning but, instead, were polyvalent, subject to conflicting interpretations, contextually specific and variable through both space and time. The relationship between these elements was therefore dependent on the contexts of their association. Nevertheless, the association of water and stone can be found repeatedly throughout the Neolithic world and may have been the medium of a powerful trope within broader conceptions of the world. This article is intended as a preliminary consideration of these issues (particularly the links between stone, mountains, water, quartz, shell, and human remains) and is offered as a thinking-point for ongoing research in this area. [source] Monuments, power and personhood in the British NeolithicTHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 4 2001Joanna Brück Recent research on British Neolithic monuments describes how the ordering of space within these sites contributed to the production and maintenance of dominant discourses. This article argues that aspects of this work are implicitly built on conceptions of personhood specific to post-Enlightenment thought, resulting in a somewhat static and one-dimensional conception of power relations during the period. One way out of this problem is provided by anthropological and feminist literature in which an alternative characterization of the self as inherently fluid and relational has been outlined. This facilitates a shifting and contextual conception of power relations which can be reconciled more easily with the evidence from Neolithic monuments for the continuous creation and reinterpretation of spatial meanings. [source] The Construction Process of the Angkor Monuments Elucidated by the Magnetic Susceptibility of Sandstone,ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 2 2003E. Uchida The Angkor monuments in Cambodia are mainly constructed of grey to yellowish-brown sandstones. No differences in the constituent minerals and in the chemical composition of the sandstones have been confirmed among the monuments. However, we have found their magnetic susceptibility a useful parameter by which to distinguish them. The principal monuments of Angkor Wat, Ta Prohm, Preah Khan, Banteay Kdei and Bayon, constructed from the Angkor Wat period to the Bayon period (from the beginning of the 12th century to the beginning of the 13th century ad), were investigated in detail using a portable magnetic susceptibility meter. We succeeded in dividing the periods of construction into stages. This elucidated the enlargement process of the monuments and correlated their construction stages. [source] Monuments and Texts: Antiquarianism and the Beauty of AntiquityART HISTORY, Issue 4 2002Maria Grazia Lolla Maria Grazia Lolla has published articles in English and Italian on various aspects of antiquarianism, aesthetics and eighteenth,century culture, as well as on Caribbean poetry and literature. She received her PhD from the University of Cambridge, has been awarded fellowships from the British Council and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and has held research fellowships at the Wesleyan University Center for the Humanities and the Huntington Library. Now at work on Rivers Unknown to Song: Antiquarian Explorations of the East and West Indies, she is an adjunct professor at New York University. From the beginning of the Renaissance antiquaries had been publishing monuments at such a pace that publishing as much as collecting or studying monuments could be counted amongst the defining features of antiquarianism. However widely and routinely practised, the publication of monuments revealed substantial divisions within the world of antiquarianism. Antiquaries were faced with the choice of either textualizing monuments , turning monuments from visual or tactile objects into reading material , or attempting to reproduce their materiality , even if the monument was a text. The paper analyses Johann Joachim Winckelmann's Monumenti antichi inediti (1767) as a significant example of the former and the discussion concerning the publication of Domesday Book that took place in the rooms of the London Society of Antiquaries in 1768 as a compelling example of the latter. Juxtaposed to one another, Monumenti antichi inediti and the projected facsimile of the Domesday Book provide mutually revealing accounts of the aesthetic and intellectual complexities of eighteenth,century antiquarian practice. Where Winckelmann patently sought to rid monuments of their materiality in an effort, perhaps, to nobilitate antiquarianism , while nevertheless keeping it in a suitably ancillary position to literature , the fellows of the Society of Antiquaries chose the facsimile as the vehicle of preservation and transmission best suited to conveying their admiration of texts as material objects, indeed, as non,representational art. As necessarily (and self,consciously) imperfect attempts to reproduce original monuments, facsimiles provide both a marker of deep scepticism about the possibility of ever really knowing the past and a precious trace of past versions of the past , of what could be seen and deemed worthy of preservation, scholarly investigation and aesthetic appreciation. [source] Reading the Virtual Museum of General Art HistoryART HISTORY, Issue 4 2001Dan Karlholm The representation of general art history in the nineteenth century is the centre of attention of this essay. It examines, in particular, the structural characteristics from 1845 to 1856 of Denkmäler der Kunst (Monuments of Art), a collection of engravings which constitutes the visual supplement to the first text of general art history, Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte (1841--42) by Franz Kugler. The impact of this largely neglected pictorial ,atlas', early on metaphorized as a ,museum', is connected to comparable visual regimes of a later date, especially Malraux's photographic ,museum without walls', but also Warburg's Memory Atlas, the open-ended possibilities of post-photographic practices and the web. Intersected is an argument with Danto's Hegelian ,end of art' thesis, ushering in a more closely contextualized reading of the ,end' of art history from a contemporary, media-saturated viewpoint. It all begins, and ends, with Warhol's postmodern version of Raphael's vision: the Sistine Madonna. [source] Weathering of Monuments at Jethawanaramaya Complex in North-Central, Sri LankaACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 5 2009Amila Sandaruwan RATNAYAKE Abstract: Sri Lanka has the richest archaeological sites in Asia. Jethawanarama Complex, one of the valuable sites in the country, is suffering from deterioration due to weathering. Monuments were built mainly from stones (granitic gneiss and marble) and clay bricks. The present study aimed to categorize weathering forms and interpret the recently-developing weathering processes. The growing of lichens on surfaces and the development of saline conditions are the major threats on the survival of monuments other than the typical weathering processes of tropical climates Morinite (NaCa2Al2[PO4)]2 [F,OH]5·2H2O) is identified as a weathering product of monuments and is generated from lichens. [source] Characterization and provenance of the slabs of the Puigseslloses Megalith, Barcelona, SpainGEOARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010Enric Vicens The Puigseslloses megalith tomb (Barcelona, Spain) is located on the summit of a hill in the Vic Plain where the sedimentary rocks that were used in its construction do not crop out. A sedimentological and petrological characterization of the monument's slabs and a multidisciplinary analysis of the outcropping materials in nearby areas has allowed the identification of three possible source areas associated with the Paleogene Banyoles Marls Formation and the Folgueroles Sandstone Formation and allows us to propose possible routes by which the slabs were transported from the catchment site to the place where the monument was built. In addition, the lithology and position of different slabs within the megalith denote the intention to separate the chamber from the corridor by using different types of slab. The position of the monument also reveals that tomb location was more of a priority than proximity to the slab sources. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] An examination of groundwater within the Hawara Pyramid, EgyptGEOARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 5 2007K. Keatings The Hawara Pyramid is an outstanding monument. However, the mudbrick structure shows signs of erosion, and the passages and chambers are currently submerged. The problem of water ingress has mainly arisen since the 1880s. In this study, an initial assessment of the pyramid structure was made and causes of water ingress were investigated through analysis of water samples. Stable oxygen isotope measurements indicate that the source of water within the pyramid is the Bahr Selah canal. Water within the pyramid is highly saline compared to the Bahr Selah, and evaporation can only partly account for this high salinity. The composition of dissolved ions suggests that dissolution of salts in soils and from bedrock in the vicinity of the pyramid has enhanced the salinity of water percolating into the pyramid structure. Water ingress and salt deposition are at present the main threat to the integrity of the monument. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Isolation and development of microsatellite markers for the Japanese dormouse, Glirulus japonicusMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2009S. P. YASUDA Abstract Eight microsatellite markers were developed for the Japanese dormouse (Glirulus japonicus), a natural monument and near-threatened species in Japan. The markers amplify in individuals from all of the mitochondrial lineages detected in a previous study. Numerous polymorphisms were detected in specimens from a local population in central Honshu (11,21 alleles per locus; n = 31) and from the entire distribution range of the species (19,41 alleles per locus; n = 152). These microsatellites will be useful in conservation genetic studies of G. japonicus. [source] BARBARIAN PIRACY AND THE SAXON SHORE: A REAPPRAISALOXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 1 2005A.F. PEARSON Summary. The tradition of Saxon and other Continental piracy is one of the longest standing tenets of Romano-British studies. It may also be one of its greatest myths, which owes more to its considerable antiquarian pedigree than to any firm basis in fact. This paper reassesses Roman military strategy around the British coast, and suggests that the ,Saxon Shore Forts' and other coastal installations played a more significant economic and logistical role than is often appreciated. Moreover, the idea that each monument fulfilled a single, dedicated function is argued to be too simplistic: instead it is proposed that individual forts served in various capacities during their operational lifetime, and quite possibly not those for which they were originally conceived. [source] Awake anon the tales of valour: the career of a war memorial in St. Catharines, OntarioTHE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 4 2009RUSSELL JOHNSTON monuments aux morts; monuments; Rébellion du Nord-Ouest; Saint Catharines Memorials cultivate a common understanding of the past that is communicated through the celebration of select people, places or events. Because memorials are located in public space and crafted from time-defeating materials, the process of commemoration is inherently political. Scholars have studied this process to discover the agendas that inform the ideological content of memorials, but rarely how this content is received by its audience. This question is especially pertinent when memorials outlast the generation and the ideology that created them. This study attempts an answer by exploring the career of one memorial: the monument in St. Catharines, Ontario, dedicated to Private Alexander Watson, a casualty of the Battle of Batoche (1885). It finds that the monument's significance was transformed by political, cultural and historiographical shifts. While its local audience has forgotten its specific message, its generic intent to honour fallen soldiers is still recognized. L'éveil soudain des histoires de bravoure: la vie d'un monument aux morts à Saint Catharines, Ontario Les monuments aux morts permettent d'établir une compréhension commune de l'histoire transmise par la célébration de personnes, de lieux ou d'événements triés sur le volet. Présents dans l'espace public et fabriqués à partir de matériaux impérissables, les monuments aux morts s'inscrivent dans un processus de commémoration qui, de par sa nature même, est politique. Les chercheurs se sont penchés sur ce processus pour faire la lumière sur l'éventail d'actions sur lesquelles la base idéologique des monuments repose, mais peu d'études s'intéressent à comprendre comment cette base est accueillie par le public. La pertinence de cette question est renforcée notamment quand les monuments survivent à la génération et à l'idéologie qui les ont portés. Cette recherche entend apporter une réponse en considérant la vie d'un monument situéà Saint Catharines, Ontario élevéà la mémoire du soldat Alexander Watson, mort au combat à Batoche (1885). Il en ressort que l'importance accordée au monument varie au gré des changements politiques, culturels et historiographiques. Si le public local ne saisit plus le message véhiculé par le monument, il demeure néanmoins que, dans les faits, l'idée d'honorer les soldats tombés au champ d'honneur est toujours d'actualité. [source] Geophysical prospection of the frontiers of the Roman Empire in southern Germany, UNESCO World Heritage SiteARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION, Issue 3 2010Jorg W. E. Fassbinder Abstract The Roman Limes with a length of 550,km is the largest archaeological site of Europe as well as the largest monument of the Roman period. In July 2005 it was decided that the Limes and its interrelated archaeological sites, together with Hadrian's Wall in England, would be a component of a ,Trans-National World Heritage Site' taking the name ,Frontiers of the Roman Empire'. From that point it was necessary to minimize and/or to avoid archaeological excavation. Further research on such sites is mainly limited to the application of non-destructive techniques. Among other geophysical tools, magnetometry, based on the rock magnetic knowledge turned out to be a highly suitable method. Two examples that allowed verification and completion of old maps of the Reichs-Limes-Kommission will be shown here; these projects exemplify geophysical work on the Bavarian Limes. At the site of Oberhochstatt we discovered the exact location and determined information on the size and orientation of the fort that previous searches for a long time had failed to find. At Theilenhofen we were able to complete the map of the whole fort with all fortification ditches and the water supply, to verify the troop level and to confirm the former fort on which is superimposed the traces of the Roman vicus. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Integrated geophysical and topographical investigation in the territory of Ancient Tarquinia (Viterbo, central Italy)ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION, Issue 3 2007S. Piro Abstract This paper presents the results of an ongoing study of the territory of Ancient Tarquinia (Viterbo, central Italy). The work is part of the University of Milano's ,Tarquinia Project', which studies the monumental area of this territory with particular emphasis on the ,Ara della Regina' temple site. To enhance the knowledge of this territory, a scientific collaboration between the University of Milano (Department of Science of Antiquity) and the Institute of Technologies Applied to Cultural Heritage (ITABC-C.N.R.) was initiated in 2000 and is still in progress. The primary objective of the study was to determine the location and degree of conservation of unknown buried structures below the sites studied, using the integration of topographical surveys, three-dimensional laser scanner surveys of the temple and ground-based remote sensing surveys. The remote sensing surveys were carried out using the ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The analysis of the GPR time-slice maps indicates that some structural formations and walls of the buildings are still present below the surface. The results presented and discussed in this paper demonstrate the potential of both the topographical survey combined with the three-dimensional laser scanner survey of the monument and the remote sensing technique for understanding of the presence and the extent of buried buildings with respect to the temple area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Resistivity imaging survey of the Roman barrows at Bartlow, Cambridgeshire, UKARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION, Issue 1 2007Timothy Astin Abstract Resistivity imaging was carried out on four large Roman barrows at Bartlow in Cambridgeshire. The geophysical survey formed part of a wider research project designed to record and assess the landscape context of the largest surviving Roman burial mounds in Britain. The barrows today range in height from 6.6,m to 13.2,m and their steep profile posed particular practical and modelling challenges. Data were obtained using a Campus Geopulse resistance meter with up to 50 electrodes spaced at 1,m intervals and lines up to 76,m long. A total of 24 lines was obtained. Topographic corrections were applied to the pseudosections, which were inverted using Res2Dinv and Res3Dinv. Resistivity imaging was particularly successful in identifying evidence for the antiquarian explorations of the site. Central collapse features or in-filled tunnels image as high resistance features in all barrows and in one (Barrow IV) there is also a low resistance feature in the approximate position of a known antiquarian tunnel. Barrow VI had a thick covering of high-resistivity that may relate to nineteenth century landscaping and reconstruction of this monument. Resistivity imaging also revealed possible evidence for ancient revetments in all four large barrows. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||