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Monocytic Leukemia (monocytic + leukemia)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Kinds of Monocytic Leukemia

  • acute monocytic leukemia
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    Selected Abstracts

    MLL/GRAF fusion in an infant acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5b) with a cytogenetically cryptic ins(5;11)(q31;q23q23)

    GENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 4 2004
    Ioannis Panagopoulos
    More than 30 fusions involving the MLL gene at 11q23 have been reported in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Some of these chimeras are rather common, such as MLL/MLLT3(AF9), but many are quite rare, with some, for example, MLL/GRAF, described only in a single case. The MLL/GRAF fusion, in which the reciprocal hybrid was not expressed, suggesting that the former transcript was the leukemogenic one, was detected in a juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with a t(5;11)(q31;q23). Here, we report a second case,an infant acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5b),with an MLL/GRAF fusion. By conventional G-banding, the karyotype was normal. However, Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed that MLL was rearranged and that the 5, part of the MLL gene was inserted into 5q in the vicinity of 5q31, which harbors GRAF. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that exon 9 of MLL was fused in-frame with exon 19 of GRAF. Extralong genomic PCR with subsequent sequence analysis demonstrated that the breakpoints occurred in intron 9 of MLL, nine base pairs (bp) downstream from exon 9, and in intron 18 of GRAF, 117 bp downstream from exon 18. A 6-bp insertion (ACACTC) of unknown origin was present at the junction. The putative MLL/GRAF fusion protein would retain the AT-hook DNA-binding domain, the DNA methyl transferase motif, the transcription repression domain of MLL, and the SH3 domain of GRAF. As expected, the reciprocal GRAF/MLL was neither expressed nor generated at the genomic level as a consequence of the ins(5;11)(q31;q23q23). On the basis of the now-reported two cases with MLL/GRAF, we conclude that this transcript,but not the reciprocal one,characterizes a rare genetic subgroup of infant AML. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    MLL/SEPTIN6 chimeric transcript from inv ins(X;11)(q24;q23q13) in acute monocytic leukemia: Report of a case and review of the literature

    GENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 1 2003
    Hee-Jin Kim
    Rearrangements of the MLL gene on chromosome 11, band q23, are one of the most common genetic changes in acute leukemia. Reciprocal translocation is the most common form of MLL rearrangement, and the partner genes in MLL translocation are notably diverse. Involvement of the SEPTIN6 gene on Xq24 in MLL rearrangements occurs very rarely, with only six cases having been documented in the literature. Of note, the MLL/SEPTIN6 rearrangements in these cases were cryptic or complex, and it was shown that the 5,- MLL/SEPTIN6 -3, transcript resides on the derivative X chromosome rather than on the derivative chromosome 11 as in the majority of cases of MLL translocations. These observations suggested that MLL and SEPTIN6 reside on their respective chromosome loci in reverse orientation, that is, centromere-to-telomere and telomere-to-centromere, respectively. We here report a case of acute monocytic leukemia with inv ins(X;11)(q24;q23q13) in a 29-month-old child. Fluorescence in situ hybridization study revealed the break-apart 5,- MLL segment to be translocated to the derivative X chromosome, and reverse transcriptase,polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing analysis confirmed the 5,- MLL/SEPTIN6 -3, chimeric transcript. This case is the first to provide direct cytogenetic evidence for the salient nature of the MLL/SEPTIN6 rearrangement. We reviewed clinical and cytogenetic features of all cases of 11q23 and Xq22,24 rearrangements reported up to now, including six cases where the involvement of the SEPTIN6 gene was confirmed by molecular techniques. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Superoxide radical generation and Mn- and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases activities in human leukemic cells

    HEMATOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2003
    Masahiko Kato
    Abstract Mn- and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and generation of superoxide radicals (O) were assessed in leukemic cells from 10 patients with acute myeloid or monocytic leukemia (AML) and 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), using a sensitive, specific chemiluminescence method. Leukemic cells were classified according to the French,American,British classification. M4 AML cells from two patients produced some O upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan (OZ), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), but less than normal granulocytes or monocytes. M5b AML cells from one patient produced as much O in response to these stimulants as normal monocytes. No O generation was induced in other types of leukemic cells. Total SOD activity in AML cells was significantly greater in normal granulocytes, but was only half of the activity in ALL cells. Mn-SOD in AML cells was very low or undetectable. These results suggest that except in M5b cells, decreased O production may contribute to susceptibility to infections in AML patients. Decreased Mn-SOD activity in AML cells may predispose them to oxidative stress. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    Spontaneous remission of acute monocytic leukemia after infection with Clostridium septicum

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2007
    J. A. AL-TAWFIQ
    Summary Spontaneous remissions of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been reported in association with infection. Here, we report a case of spontaneous remission of AML in a 47-year-old Saudi Arabian male patient who presented with a few weeks history of recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting and fever. He was diagnosed with acute monocytic leukemia (AML, FAB M5b) and a perforated bowel. He also had Clostridium septicum bacteremia and thus chemotherapy was deferred. He received supportive therapy and intravenous antibiotics. Six weeks later, he achieved spontaneous and complete remission lasting for about 4 months. The remission and relapse were documented by bone marrow examination. Similarly, previous reports of spontaneous remission of AML were short lived and were followed by relapse and progression. [source]