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Monitoring Requirements (monitoring + requirement)
Selected AbstractsKinetic Parameter Estimation of Time-temperature Integrators Intended for Use with Packaged Fresh SeafoodJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 3 2004T. F. M ENDOZA ABSTRACT: The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) considers any hermetically sealed package containing fresh seafood as a reduced oxygen package (ROP) if the oxygen transmission rate of the package is less than 10000 cm3/m2/d. USFDA's recent Import Alert nr 16-125 effectively bans the use of ROP for fresh seafood in the United States unless adequate temperature control and thermal history monitoring is used. Time-temperature integrators (TTI) were proposed as one potential method to satisfy this thermal monitoring requirement. Evaluation and selection of appropriate TTIs remains a difficult process for seafood manufacturers. Three commercially available TTIs (Vitsab M2-10, C2-10, and Fresh-Check TJ2) and 5 prototype TTIs (Avery Dennison) were evaluated for performance against the Skinner and Larkin (1998) botulinum toxin lag-time relationship. Isothermal treatments at 0°C, 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C were used to determine Arrhenius kinetic parameters of TTIs. Computer models were used to predict and compare actual TTI performance under dynamic thermal conditions. Results suggest that Vitsab M2-10 and Avery Dennison T126(2) and T126(4) TTIs may be used to predict safety of fresh seafood in ROP. [source] Microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation of alkaloids with UV-absorbance spectral detectionELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 4 2008Carl I. D. Newman Abstract A microchip device is demonstrated for the electrophoretic separation and UV-absorbance spectral detection of four toxic alkaloids: colchicine, aconitine, strychnine, and nicotine. A fused-silica (quartz) microchip containing a simple cross geometry is utilized to perform the separations, and a miniature, fiber-optic CCD spectrometer is coupled to the microchip for detection. Sensitive UV-absorbance detection is achieved via the application of online preconcentration techniques in combination with the quartz microchip substrate which contains an etched bubble-cell for increased pathlength. The miniature CCD spectrometer is configured to detect light between 190 and 645,nm and LabView programming written in-house enables absorbance spectra as well as separations to be monitored from 210 to 400,nm. Consequently, the configuration of this microchip device facilitates qualitative and quantitative separations via simultaneous spatial and spectral resolution of solutes. UV-absorbance limits of quantification for colchicine, 20,,M (8,mg/L); strychnine, 50,,M (17,mg/L); aconitine, 50,,M (32,mg/L); and nicotine, 100,,M (16,mg/L) are demonstrated on the microchip. With the exception of aconitine, these concentrations are ,20-times more sensitive than lethal dose monitoring requirements. Finally, this device is demonstrated to successfully detect each toxin in water, skim milk, and apple juice samples spiked at sublethal dose concentrations after a simple, SPE procedure. [source] Improving processes of care in patient-controlled analgesia: the impact of computerized order sets and acute pain service patient managementPEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 11 2007CPNP, SHARON WRONA RN Summary Background:, In an effort to combat opioid induced side effects within the first 24 h of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) induction, it has been recommended that care be provided by an Acute Pain Treatment Service (APS) and that computerized PCA order sets with patient monitoring requirements be implemented. To date, there are few published studies on the role of computerized order sets or APS in improving the quality and safety of pediatric PCA use. This retrospective analysis sought to determine if the implementation of computerized order sets would increase appropriate monitoring and problem recognition. Methods:, Analysis included 536 patients prescribed PCA in one of three ways: an anesthesia order set with APS support (n = 285), a general PCA order set (n = 95), or no order set (n = 156). We analyzed the use of order sets by unit; the incidence of appropriate monitoring (,12 recordings within 24 h) of respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and sedation level and the recognition of low respiration rate and low oxygen saturation between the types of PCA order. Results:, We found a significant difference in type of PCA order used by unit. Appropriate documentation of respiratory rate and oxygen saturation occurred significantly more often if the order set with APS was used. Low respiration rate was also recognized significantly more frequently (P , 05) in the APS order set group. Conclusions:, These findings show that use of a computerized PCA order set with monitoring requirements and an APS can increase monitoring and documentation of important vital signs and increase identification of potential negative events. [source] Developments in the application of photography to ecological monitoring, with reference to algal bedsAQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue 2 2001Jean-Paul A. Ducrotoy Abstract 1.,The potential for using photographic methods in ecological monitoring of intertidal rocky shores was investigated at two scales: the scale of a bay, and at sampling quadrat level. 2.,The macroalgal beds at Selwicks Bay, Flamborough Head (north Humberside Coast, England) were used as a case study. 3.,At each station on three 90 m transects, a photograph was taken of a 50 cm2 quadrat. These images were analysed using SigmaScanÔ to measure the cover of algal species. These data were highly correlated with field data collected using a grid quadrat. 4.,Ground techniques were developed for drawing a scaled overhead map of the bay. The potential for a quantitative survey of the extent of the algal beds using cliff top photographs was investigated. The photographs were merged, and rectified using Arc/InfoÔ (a Geographical Information System package) to produce scaled overhead images of the bay. 5.,The two complementary methods developed are suitable for involving amateur naturalists into field-data collection. They were also designed to meet long-term statutory monitoring requirements. They are quick, so are well suited to intertidal areas where field sampling windows are limited. In long-term monitoring strategies, the use of photography produces interactive permanent records of the sample area for back reference. Reporting on the conservation status of sites of European interest could be greatly facilitated by such techniques. 6.,There are obvious applications for overseas monitoring and base-line surveys, which demand large data sets to be collected in limited periods of time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||