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Moderate Toxicity (moderate + toxicity)
Selected AbstractsPreparation, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity of 2-amino-4-arylthiazole derivativesHETEROATOM CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2006Pedro Morales-Bonilla Seven 2-amino-4-aryl-1,3-thiazoles (1a,g) and their corresponding 2-aminoacetyl (2a,g) and 2-aminoacetyl-5-bromo (3a,g) derivatives were synthesized and tested in vitro against 11 reference strains, three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria, two yeasts, and two moulds. Toxicity of the compounds was also evaluated using the brine shrimp test. Compounds 1a, 1b, 1e,g, and 3b showed moderate antimicrobial activity at different concentrations. The results indicated that acetylation of the amino group and bromination at position 5 of the thiazole moiety cause lost of activity. Compounds 1a, 1e, and 1f showed toxicity to brine shrimp nauplii below 10 ppm. Most other compounds showed moderate toxicity, LD50 above 100 ppm. Structures of all compounds were confirmed by NMR and MS data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:254,260, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20182 [source] Baseline toxicity of several pesticides to Hyaliodes vitripennis (Say) (Hemiptera: Miridae)PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 11 2001Noubar J Bostanian Abstract Hyaliodes vitripennis (Say) is a univoltine indigenous predacious mirid. It has been reported in several orchards where IPM programmes are used. It is a generalist, and feeds on phytophagous mites in addition to other arthropods. In Quebec, a foliar application of imidacloprid, deltamethrin or lambda-cyhalothrin is used at least once per season to manage arthropod pests such as leafhoppers and leaf-eating caterpillars. Meanwhile, several applications of metiram, flusilazole, myclobutanil and mancozeb are made to control apple scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter]. In laboratory trials, comparison of lethal concentrations of the three insecticides against H vitripennis nymphs and adults showed no significant difference. However, when lethal concentrations were compared between two growth stages for each insecticide, a significant difference was noted between adults and nymphs treated with lambda-cyhalothrin, adults being more susceptible than nymphs. No such difference could be detected for imidacloprid or deltamethrin. When LC50 values were compared with the manufacturer's label rates, deltamethrin and imidacloprid were toxic to the nymphs and adults, and lambda-cyhalothrin was slightly toxic to the nymphs and moderately toxic to the adults. Among the fungicides evaluated in the laboratory, myclobutanil showed moderate toxicity to adults at the manufacturer's label rate. The remaining fungicides had no toxic effects to adults or nymphs, even at four times the manufacturer's label rate. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Synthesis, psychotropic and anticancer activity of 2,2-dimethyl-5-[5,-trialkylgermyl(silyl)-2,-hetarylidene]-1,3-dioxane-4,6-diones and their analoguesAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 12 2003Edmunds Lukevics Abstract A series of 2,2-dimethyl-5-(5,-R-hetarylidene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-diones has been synthesized for examing a structure,activity relationship. Furyl and thienyl derivatives of Meldrum's acid possess neurotropic activity comprising both depriming and activating components. Comparison of acute toxicity of carbon, silicon and germanium analogues in the furan series of the compounds has demonstrated that the germanium derivative is 11.5 times less toxic than the carbon analogue and four times less toxic than the silicon derivative. 2,2-Dimethyl-5-(5,-triethylsilyl-2,-thenylidene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione has moderate toxicity with the highest neurotropic and cytotoxic activity Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The impact of aphicide drenches on Micromus tasmaniae (Walker) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) and the implications for pest control in lettuce cropsAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Peter G Cole Abstract, The recent arrival of lettuce aphid (Nasonovia ribis-nigri (Mosley) ) in Australia has resulted in a pesticide-based protection program based upon seedling drenches of imidacloprid being promoted by many advisory agencies and accepted by growers as the only option available. This has caused concern about potential for incompatibility with existing integrated pest management programs for other pests in lettuce. Two neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid (Confidor 200SC) and thiamethoxam (Actara), were applied to lettuce seedlings by drenching. A model aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) ), used because N. ribis-nigri was not present in mainland Australia at that time, was periodically released onto the seedlings over 10 weeks. The effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on larvae of predatory brown lacewings (Micromus tasmaniae (Walker) ) which fed on the aphids were measured over 10 weeks by bioassay. Imidacloprid applied at a rate of 11 mL active ingredient (ai) per 1000 seedlings and thiamethoxam applied at 0.5 g ai per 1000 seedlings were highly toxic to M. tasmaniae that consumed aphids from the seedlings for up to 4 weeks after application. A 1/10 rate of imidacloprid (1.1 mL ai per 1000 seedlings) caused moderate toxicity for 3 weeks, and was then harmless to M. tasmaniae. Thiamethoxam and the high rate of imidacloprid caused almost complete mortality of aphids for about 6 weeks after application, and the low rate of imidacloprid displayed similarly high activity for about 3 weeks. [source] | ||||||||||