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Moderate Association (moderate + association)
Selected AbstractsInterparental Conflict and Parenting Behaviors: A Meta-Analytic ReviewFAMILY RELATIONS, Issue 1 2000Ambika Krishnakumar The purpose of this study is to examine the association between interparental conflict and parenting using meta-analytic review techniques. One-hundred and thirty-eight effect sizes from 39 studies are analyzed. The overall average weighted effect size is ,.62, indicating a moderate association and support for the spillover hypothesis. The parenting behaviors most impacted by interparental conflict are harsh discipline and parental acceptance. Several moderating effects for subject and method characteristics are significant. [source] Evaluation of the Personal Impact Health Assessment Questionnaire (PI HAQ) to capture the impact of disability in osteoarthritisMUSCULOSKELETAL CARE, Issue 2 2010Vikki Wylde BSc Abstract Aim:,Measuring facts about disability may not reflect their personal impact. An individualized values instrument has been used to weight difficulty in performing activities of daily living in rheumatoid arthritis, and calculate personal impact (Personal Impact Health Assessment Questionnaire; PI HAQ). This study aimed to evaluate the PI HAQ in osteoarthritis (OA). Study design:,Study 1: 51 people with OA completed short and long versions of the value instrument at 0 and 1 week. Study 2: 116 people with OA completed the short value instrument, disability and psychological measures at 0 and 4 weeks. Results:,Study 1: The eight-category and 20-item value instruments correlated well (r = 0.85) and scores differed by just 2.7%. The eight-category instrument showed good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's , = 0.85) and moderate one-week test-retest reliability (r = 0.68, Wilcoxon signed-rank test p = 0.16, intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.62). Study 2: Values for disability were not associated with disability severity or clinical status. After weighting disability by value, the resulting PI HAQ scores were significantly associated with dissatisfaction with disability, perceived increase in disability, poor clinical status and life dissatisfaction, and differed significantly between people with high and low clinical status (convergent and discriminant construct validity). There was moderate association with the disease repercussion profile disability subscale (r = 0.511; p < 0.001) (criterion validity). The PI HAQ was stable over four weeks (ICC 0.81). Conclusions:,These studies provide an initial evaluation of an instrument to measure the personal impact of disability in people with OA, setting disability within a personal context. Further studies, including sensitivity to change, are required. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Assessment of "juvenile psychopathy" and its association with violence: a critical review,BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW, Issue 1 2001John F. Edens Ph.D. Interest in the construct of psychopathy as it applies to children and adolescents has become an area of considerable research interest in the past 5,10 years, in part due to the clinical utility of psychopathy as a predictor of violence among adult offenders. Despite interest in "juvenile psychopathy" in general and its relationship to violence in particular, relatively few studies specifically have examined whether operationalizations of this construct among children and adolescents predict various forms of aggression. This article critically reviews this literature, as well as controversies regarding the assessment of adult psychopathic "traits" among juveniles. Existing evidence indicates a moderate association between measures of psychopathy and various forms of aggression, suggesting that this construct may be relevant for purposes of short-term risk appraisal and management among juveniles. However, due to the enormous developmental changes that occur during adolescence and the absence of longitudinal research on the stability of this construct (and its association with violence), we conclude that reliance on psychopathy measures to make decisions regarding long-term placements for juveniles is contraindicated at this time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Design and Inference for Cancer Biomarker Study with an Outcome and Auxiliary-Dependent SubsamplingBIOMETRICS, Issue 2 2010Xiaofei Wang Summary In cancer research, it is important to evaluate the performance of a biomarker (e.g., molecular, genetic, or imaging) that correlates patients' prognosis or predicts patients' response to treatment in a large prospective study. Due to overall budget constraint and high cost associated with bioassays, investigators often have to select a subset from all registered patients for biomarker assessment. To detect a potentially moderate association between the biomarker and the outcome, investigators need to decide how to select the subset of a fixed size such that the study efficiency can be enhanced. We show that, instead of drawing a simple random sample from the study cohort, greater efficiency can be achieved by allowing the selection probability to depend on the outcome and an auxiliary variable; we refer to such a sampling scheme as,outcome and auxiliary-dependent subsampling,(OADS). This article is motivated by the need to analyze data from a lung cancer biomarker study that adopts the OADS design to assess epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations as a predictive biomarker for whether a subject responds to a greater extent to EGFR inhibitor drugs. We propose an estimated maximum-likelihood method that accommodates the OADS design and utilizes all observed information, especially those contained in the likelihood score of EGFR mutations (an auxiliary variable of EGFR mutations) that is available to all patients. We derive the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator and evaluate its finite sample properties via simulation. We illustrate the proposed method with a data example. [source] Poor association between allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin E levels, skin sensitivity and basophil degranulation: a study with recombinant birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and an immunoglobulin E detection system measuring immunoglobulin E capable of binding to Fc,RICLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 2 2005A. Purohit Summary Background Results from several studies indicate that the magnitude of immediate symptoms of type I allergy caused by allergen-induced cross-linking of high-affinity Fc, receptors on effector cells (mast cells and basophils) is not always associated with allergen-specific IgE levels. Objective To investigate the association of results from intradermal skin testing, basophil histamine release and allergen-specific IgE, IgG1,4, IgA and IgM antibody levels in a clinical study performed in birch pollen-allergic patients (n=18). Methods rBet v 1-specific IgEs were measured by quantitative CAP measurements and by using purified Fc,RI-derived ,-chain to quantify IgE capable of binding to effector cells. Bet v 1-specific IgG subclasses, IgA and IgM levels were measured by ELISA, and basophil histamine release was determined in whole blood samples. Intradermal skin testing was performed with the end-point titration method. Results Our study demonstrates on the molecular level that the concentrations of allergen-specific IgE antibodies capable of binding to Fc,RI and biological sensitivities are not necessarily associated. A moderate association was found between cutaneous and basophil sensitivity. Conclusion Our results highlight the quantitative discrepancies and limitations of the present diagnostic tools in allergy, even when using a single allergenic molecule. The quantity of allergen-specific serum IgE is only one component of far more complex cellular systems (i.e. basophil-based tests, skin tests) used as indirect diagnostic tests for IgE-mediated allergic sensitivity. [source] Development and preliminary testing of a Paediatric Version of the Haemophilia Activities List (pedhal)HAEMOPHILIA, Issue 2 2010W. G. GROEN Summary., Worldwide, children with haemophilia suffer from limitations in performing activities of daily living. To measure such limitations in adults a disease-specific instrument, the Haemophilia Activities List (HAL), was created in 2004. The aim of this study was to adapt the HAL for children with haemophilia and to assess its psychometric properties. The structure and the main content were derived from the HAL. Additionally, items of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire and the Activity Scale for Kids were considered for inclusion. This version was evaluated by health professionals (n = 6), patients (n = 4), and parents (n = 3). A pilot test in a sample of 32 Dutch children was performed to assess score distribution, construct validity (Spearman's rho) and reproducibility. Administration of the pedhal was feasible for children from the age of 4 years onwards. The pedhal scores of the Dutch children were in the high end of the scale, reflecting a good functional status. Most subscales showed moderate associations with the joint examination (rho = 0.42,0.63) and moderate-to-good associations with the physical function subscale of the CHQ-50 (rho = 0.48,0.74). No significant associations were found for the pedhal and the subscales mental health and behaviour, except for the subscales leisure and sport and mental health (rho = 0.47). Test,retest agreement was good. The pedhal is a promising tool, but further testing in populations with a higher level of disability is warranted to study the full range of its psychometric properties. [source] | ||||||||||