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Mobilisation
Kinds of Mobilisation Selected AbstractsRevenue Mobilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges from Globalisation I , Trade ReformDEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 5 2010Michael Keen This is the first of two articles evaluating the nature and extent of, and possible responses to, two of the central challenges that globalisation poses for revenue mobilisation in sub-Saharan Africa: trade liberalisation, and corporate tax competition. Both articles use a new dataset with the features needed to address these issues meaningfully: a disentangling of tariff from commodity tax revenue, and a distinction between resource-related and other revenues. This first article describes that dataset, and provides a broad picture of revenue developments in the region between 1980 and 2005. Countries' experiences have varied, but the overall picture is of non-resource revenues having been essentially stagnant. Within this, however, and with exceptions, reductions in trade tax revenue have been largely offset by increased revenue from domestic sources. [source] Revenue Mobilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges from Globalisation II , Corporate TaxationDEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 5 2010Michael Keen This second article evaluates and discusses the challenges to government revenue in sub-Saharan Africa posed by developments in corporate taxation. Using the dataset described in the first article, it shows that, in broad terms, corporate tax revenues in the region have held up, despite a reduction in rates and evidence of substantial base-narrowing (mainly through the provision of tax holidays in Investment Codes and Free Zones). This is something of a puzzle. Options for dealing with the continuation and intensification of the challenges to these revenues, including through regional co-operation, are discussed. [source] Mobilisation of tumour cells along with CD34+ cells to peripheral blood in multiple myelomaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 5-6 2001Lene Meldgaard Knudsen Abstract:Background: Cells belonging to the malignant clone are found in the peripheral blood in myeloma patients. In order to minimise the content of tumour cells in the stem cell product it is crucial to perform stem cell harvest at a time when tumour cells in the peripheral blood are at a minimum. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the mobilisation kinetics of normal CD34+ cells and myeloma plasma cells during mobilisation with either G-CSF alone or high-dose cyclophosphamide (HDCy) plus G-CSF. Design and methods: Morning blood samples were drawn each day during mobilisation from start of G-CSF or HDCy and to the end of leukapheresis, and were analysed by flow cytometry for content of CD34+ cells and myeloma plasma cells (CD38+ + CD45,). Tumour cells were also estimated by a patient-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on the 5, nuclease TaqMan technology. Results: Flow cytometry data from 16 patients showed concomitant mobilisation of CD34+ cells and myeloma plasma cells. Seven patients were mobilised twice; first with G-CSF alone and then with HDCy plus G-CSF. There was no difference between the two mobilisation regimens regarding tumour cell mobilisation kinetics. Real-time PCR was performed in one patient and confirmed the mobilisation of tumour cells at the time when CD34+ blood cells were at a maximum. Conclusions: Tumour cells are mobilised to the peripheral blood at the same time as CD34+ cells in multiple myeloma patients after priming with both G-CSF alone and HDCy in combination with G-CSF. [source] The Abortion Debate in Mexico: Realities and Stalled Policy ReformBULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, Issue 1 2007ANDRZEJ KULCZYCKI Over 500,000 clandestine abortions occur annually in Mexico, many under unfavourable health conditions. An uneasy silence about this situation has long prevailed. Since the 1970s, abortion has appeared periodically in public discourse and on the decision-making agenda, only for action to be repeatedly postponed. Mobilisation around the abortion issue grew slowly, but debate and controversy became nationwide as the country began to experience systemic change in 2000. Despite increasing political pluralism and growing awareness of the existing problems, for now in Mexico, as elsewhere in Latin America, the question of abortion is not judged sufficiently pressing to merit major policy change. However, improved contraceptive use and the institution of new technologies and post-abortion care are helping to make abortions safer and rarer. [source] Inequality, Ethnicity, Political Mobilisation and Political Violence in Latin America: The Cases of Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru*BULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, Issue 4 2006ROSEMARY THORP The paper explores the relationship between political violence and ,horizontal' inequality in ethnically-divided countries in Latin America. The cases studied are Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru. Preliminary results are reported on the measurement of horizontal inequality, or that between groups, defined in cultural, ethnic and/or religious terms. The Latin American cases are shown to be often more unequal than the cases from Africa and Asia included in the wider study of which the work forms a part. The complex relationship between such inequality, ethnicity and political violence is explored historically. Ethnicity is today rarely a mobilising factor in violence in the Latin American cases, but the degree of inequality based on ethnicity is shown to be highly relevant to the degree of violence which results once conflict is instigated. History explains why. [source] Revenue Mobilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges from Globalisation I , Trade ReformDEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 5 2010Michael Keen This is the first of two articles evaluating the nature and extent of, and possible responses to, two of the central challenges that globalisation poses for revenue mobilisation in sub-Saharan Africa: trade liberalisation, and corporate tax competition. Both articles use a new dataset with the features needed to address these issues meaningfully: a disentangling of tariff from commodity tax revenue, and a distinction between resource-related and other revenues. This first article describes that dataset, and provides a broad picture of revenue developments in the region between 1980 and 2005. Countries' experiences have varied, but the overall picture is of non-resource revenues having been essentially stagnant. Within this, however, and with exceptions, reductions in trade tax revenue have been largely offset by increased revenue from domestic sources. [source] Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: role of fatty acids,DIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue S2 2002Peter Arner Abstract Insulin resistance is one of the key factors responsible for hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes and can result in a number of metabolic abnormalities associated with cardiovascular disease (insulin resistance syndrome), even in the absence of overt diabetes. The mechanisms involved in the development of insulin resistance are multifactorial and are only partly understood, but increased availability of free fatty acids (FFAs) is of particular importance for the liver and skeletal muscle. The role of FFAs in type 2 diabetes is most evident in obese patients who have several abnormalities in FFA metabolism. Because of a mass effect, the release of FFAs from the total adipose tissue depot to the blood stream is increased and the high concentration of circulating FFAs impairs muscle uptake of glucose by competitive inhibition. In upper-body obesity, which predisposes individuals to type 2 diabetes, the rate of lipolysis is accelerated in visceral adipose tissue. This results in a selective increase in FFA mobilisation to the portal vein, which connects visceral fat to the liver. A high ,portal' FFA concentration has undesirable effects on the liver, resulting in dyslipidaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hepatic insulin resistance. Recently, a new class of antidiabetic agents, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) or ,glitazones' has been developed. A prominent effect of these agents is the lowering of circulating FFA levels and it is believed, but not yet proven, that this interaction with FFAs constitutes a major mechanism behind the glucose-lowering effect of the TZDs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness: The Case of NGOs in the PhilippinesDISASTERS, Issue 3 2001Emmanuel M. Luna The Philippines is very vulnerable to natural disasters because of its natural setting, as well as its socio-economic, political and environmental context - especially its widespread poverty. The Philippines has a well-established institutional and legal framework for disaster management, including built-in mechanisms for participation of the people and NGOs in decision-making and programme implementation. The nature and extent of collaboration with government in disaster preparedness and mitigation issues varies greatly according to their roots, either in past confrontation and political struggles or traditional charity activities. The growing NGO involvement in disaster management has been influenced by this history. Some agencies work well with local government and there is an increasing trend for collaborative work in disaster mitigation and preparedness. Some NGOs, however, retain critical positions. These organisations tend to engage more in advocacy and legal support for communities facing increased risk because of development projects and environmental destruction. Entry points into disaster mitigation and preparedness vary as well. Development-oriented agencies are drawn into these issues when the community members with whom they work face disaster. Relief organisations, too, realise the need for community mobilisation, and are thus drawn towards development roles. [source] Discovery and recognition of purine receptor subtypes on plateletsDRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 1-2 2001Susanna M.O. HouraniArticle first published online: 9 MAY 200 Abstract The effects of purines on platelets have been known since the 1960s, when Born demonstrated aggregation induced by ADP and its inhibition by adenosine and by ATP. The inhibition by adenosine is not specific for ADP, and adenosine acts at a separate receptor to stimulate adenylate cyclase, which has an inhibitory effect on platelet function. Studies using selective agonists and antagonists have shown that the platelet receptor is of the A2A subtype and this has been confirmed using A2A knockout mice. The situation with ADP is more complex, and there has been controversy about the number of ADP receptors on platelets. ADP causes shape change, aggregation, mobilisation of calcium from intracellular stores, rapid calcium influx, and inhibition of adenylate cyclase, and the relationship between these is becoming clearer. Two cloned P2 receptors have been detected on platelets, P2X1 and P2Y1, and a third P2Y receptor is thought to exist. The P2X1 receptor is responsible for the rapid calcium influx and can be activated by ATP as well as by ADP, but is likely to be desensitised under normal experimental conditions and its pathophysiological role is uncertain. The P2Y1 receptor is responsible for calcium mobilisation, shape change, and the initiation of aggregation, and these responses are abolished in P2Y1 knockout mice, while the other P2Y receptor is responsible for inhibition of adenylate cyclase and is required for full aggregation. ATP is a competitive antagonist at both these P2Y receptors, while some nucleotide analogues can discriminate between them. Drug Dev. Res. 52:140,149, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Mobilisation of tumour cells along with CD34+ cells to peripheral blood in multiple myelomaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 5-6 2001Lene Meldgaard Knudsen Abstract:Background: Cells belonging to the malignant clone are found in the peripheral blood in myeloma patients. In order to minimise the content of tumour cells in the stem cell product it is crucial to perform stem cell harvest at a time when tumour cells in the peripheral blood are at a minimum. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the mobilisation kinetics of normal CD34+ cells and myeloma plasma cells during mobilisation with either G-CSF alone or high-dose cyclophosphamide (HDCy) plus G-CSF. Design and methods: Morning blood samples were drawn each day during mobilisation from start of G-CSF or HDCy and to the end of leukapheresis, and were analysed by flow cytometry for content of CD34+ cells and myeloma plasma cells (CD38+ + CD45,). Tumour cells were also estimated by a patient-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on the 5, nuclease TaqMan technology. Results: Flow cytometry data from 16 patients showed concomitant mobilisation of CD34+ cells and myeloma plasma cells. Seven patients were mobilised twice; first with G-CSF alone and then with HDCy plus G-CSF. There was no difference between the two mobilisation regimens regarding tumour cell mobilisation kinetics. Real-time PCR was performed in one patient and confirmed the mobilisation of tumour cells at the time when CD34+ blood cells were at a maximum. Conclusions: Tumour cells are mobilised to the peripheral blood at the same time as CD34+ cells in multiple myeloma patients after priming with both G-CSF alone and HDCy in combination with G-CSF. [source] Immigration sceptics, xenophobes or racists?EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 6 2008Radical right-wing voting in six West European countries Given how central the immigration issue has been for the new radical right-wing parties in Western Europe, many have turned to immigration-related factors in trying to explain their emergence and electoral mobilisation. This research has convincingly shown that immigration scepticism (i.e., wanting to reduce immigration) is among the principal factors for predicting who will vote for a radical right-wing party. However, earlier studies have often uncritically equated immigration scepticism with xenophobia or even racism. By using data from the first round of the European Social Survey (2003) involving six West European countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands and Norway), this article differentiates between immigration scepticism and xenophobic attitudes. The analyses strongly indicate that xenophobic attitudes are a far less significant factor than immigration scepticism for predicting who will vote for the new radical right. Moreover, this article analyses the extent to which anti-immigration frames employed by radical right-wing parties resonate with attitudes held by supporting voters, and to what extent they make a difference for people's decision to vote for the radical right. The analyses indicate that frames linking immigration to criminality and social unrest are particularly effective for mobilising voter support for the radical right. Finally, the article criticises earlier research that explained radical right-wing voting with reference to ethnic competition theory. In contrast to much of the earlier research that used macro-level measures and comparisons, this study uses (self-reported) individual-level data on the degree of ethnic heterogeneity of people's area of residence. Hypotheses derived from ethnic competition theory receive less support than expected, which indicates that earlier research may have overestimated the significance of these factors. [source] Shaky attachments: Individual-level stability and change of partisanship among West German voters, 1984,2001EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2006RÜDIGER SCHMITT-BECK In this article, the authors take advantage of a unique longitudinal database , the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) , to test the basic premise of partisanship's high persistence. Analysing individual-level data from 18 annual panel waves conducted in West Germany between 1984 and 2001, it was found that only a minority of the electorate appears steadfast with regard to partisanship over the entire period. Using event history analysis, the authors demonstrate how movements from partisanship into independence and changes between parties are affected by: personal attributes of voters, especially cognitive mobilisation; by properties of their social contexts, in particular spousal relationships and family constellations; by situational contexts, specifically election campaigns; and by the type of party with which voters identify. [source] Referendums and the Political Constitutionalisation of the EUEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 4 2008Min Shu One is the revision of national constitutions to accommodate the integration project at the national level. The other is the construction of transnational rules to regulate novel inter-state relationships at the European level. EU referendums are contextualised in such a duel constitutionalisation process. At the domestic level, EU referendums handle the debates on national constitutional revision. At the transnational level, these popular votes ratify supranational constitutional documents. The article comparatively analyses three types of EU referendums,membership, policy and treaty referendums,according to this analytical framework, exploring the campaign mobilisation of voters, national governments, and transnational institutions, and examining the legal and political interaction between referendums and European integration. A key finding is that, as the dual constitutionalisation process deepens and widens, entrenched domestic players and restrained transnational actors are under increasing pressure to ,voice' themselves in EU referendums. [source] A single high-velocity low-amplitude manipulation of the cervical spine improves pain and mobility compared to control mobilisationFOCUS ON ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES AN EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH, Issue 1 2007Article first published online: 14 JUN 2010 [source] Crayfish as geomorphic agents and ecosystem engineers: effect of a biomass gradient on baseflow and flood-induced transport of gravel and sand in experimental streamsFRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2003B. Statzner SUMMARY 1.,Using experimental streams, we studied the impact of the crayfish Orconectes limosus on (i) the transport of gravel and sand at baseflow; (ii) the sediment surface (bedform, particle consolidation, proportion of sand, algal and gravel cover); and (iii) the critical shear stress (,C) causing incipient gravel and sand motion during simulated floods. We examined (i) and (ii) in experimental outdoor flumes that replicated riffle-pool sequences and (iii) in a larger laboratory flume, in which we exposed sediments retrieved from the outdoor flumes to a progressively increasing discharge. 2.,Habitat changes induced by crayfish, such as bedform alterations in riffles (downstream displacement of riffle heads) and the increase of gravel on sand dunes in pools, had major impacts on the spatial and temporal patterns of the baseflow transport of gravel and sand. 3.,In addition to their impact on bedform in riffles and on gravel cover in pools, crayfish prevented the physical consolidation of particles in riffles and reduced the algal cover and the proportion of sand in the surface layer in both riffles and pools. These crayfish impacts on sediment surface variables had complex, interacting effects on the mobilisation of gravel and sand during subsequent flood simulations. For sand, crayfish progressively decreased the ,C (i.e. the sum of bedform drag and skin friction) by about 50% along the entire biomass gradient in pools, whereas the presence of crayfish abruptly decreased the ,C by about 75% in riffles. For gravel, the discharge causing motion in riffles produced a shear stress (in terms of skin friction) on an even bedform that was about 75% lower in all flumes with crayfish compared with the flumes without crayfish. Crayfish had no impact on ,C for gravel in pools. 4.,Scaling-up these experimental results to real streams suggests that crayfish could affect the patch dynamics of major sediment transport events and habitat suitability for other organisms that, at larger spatial scales, could increase the overall spatio-temporal habitat diversity and thus the overall structural and functional biodiversity of lotic communities. [source] Communist Comfort: Socialist Modernism and the Making of Cosy Homes in the Khrushchev EraGENDER & HISTORY, Issue 3 2009Susan E. Reid In the Khrushchev Era Soviet Union, housing and homemaking became widely shared preoccupations both for specialist agents of the state and for individual homemakers, as standard, prefabricated apartments were erected on a mass scale. This essay examines a series of tensions and contradictions: between mobilisation and dwelling; between the chiliasm of the official ideology of communism and the process of settling and making home in these new single-family flats; between mass-produced structures and the agency of the individual; and between the prescriptions of the state's agents and the practices of ordinary amateur homemakers, primarily women. Drawing on contemporary press and archival sources, as well as on interviews with women who moved into the newly-built apartments, the article analyses the ways in which, in authoritative discourse and in everyday practice, specialists and amateurs, primarily female homemakers, sought to transcend the antithesis of home comfort and communism. [source] Citizenship and Female Catholic Militancy in 1920s SpainGENDER & HISTORY, Issue 3 2007Inmaculada Blasco Herranz The aim of this article is to offer a new interpretation of the role of women in the Catholic movement in 1920s Spain. It responds to historical analyses that view this mobilisation as the product of clerical manipulation and that consider its feminist aspects to be flawed. The new interpretation presented here is based on a notion of citizenship understood as both a process and as a form of identity construction, and which was configured historically as a result of the incorporation of modern ideas of women, the nation and religion. As a result, this analysis examines the relationship between Catholicism and modernity in greater complexity than the dichotomous views frequently encountered in Spanish historiography. [source] Topography of a composite relict rock glacier, ,l,,a Massif, SW PolandGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2003Dorota Borowicz Abstract A detailed geodetic survey and, additionally, a map of slope covers have been carried out for a composite relict rock glacier on the slopes of Mt ,l,,a (718 m a.s.l.), Sudetic Foreland, SW Poland. The survey allows one to distinguish the mobilisation, transition and accumulation zones and to define geomorphic features diagnostic for relict rock glaciers such as lateral ridges standing above a central depression, steep margins of the landforms in the transition and accumulation zones, as well as absence of distinct head scarps above. Furthermore, it indicates that the present-day hydrographic pattern on the surface of relict rock glaciers has been superimposed on the relief inherited from the active landforms. The topography indicates that tension prevailed rather than compression during the development of the rock glaciers. Some of the features, such as small lateral lobes, developed probably as a result of the compressive flow, however. The pattern of the slope cover shows that it developed during activity of the rock glaciers and been modified afterwards due to solifluction. [source] Using cosmogenic beryllium,7 as a tracer in sediment budget investigationsGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2002W. H. Blake Recent advances in the use of the environmental radionuclides caesium,137 and unsupported lead,210 to quantify medium, and longer,term rates of erosion and sediment accumulation have proved of considerable value in catchment sediment budget investigations. However, there remains a need to explore the potential for using other shorter,lived radionuclides to provide evidence of sediment mobilisation, transport and storage over shorter timescales and particularly for individual events. This contribution reports the results of a study aimed at exploring the potential for using beryllium,7 (7Be, t½= 53.3 days) to meet this requirement. The study investigated the use of 7Be as a sediment tracer in three key components of the sediment budget, namely, soil erosion and sediment mobilisation from slopes, the transport, storage and remobilisation of fine sediment in river channels and overbank deposition on river floodplains. The results presented clearly demonstrate the potential for using 7Be to obtain information on short,term and event,based sediment redistribution rates for use in catchment sediment budget investigations. [source] Introduction: Overcoming Barriers to the Extension of Social Protection: Lessons from the Asia RegionIDS BULLETIN, Issue 4 2010Naila Kabeer The contributions to this IDS Bulletin report on some of the findings from research undertaken under the Social Protection in Asia programme. This is a three-year policy-oriented research and network building programme, funded by the Ford Foundation and IDRC, with project partners in China, Vietnam, Indonesia, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The research focuses on examining interventions aimed at extending social protection to those sections of the population, the majority in many Asian countries, who are excluded from formal social security systems. It has sought to identify and address barriers to the establishment of more comprehensive social protection systems that could address such difficult-to-reach groups. This issue of the IDS Bulletin brings together some initial reflections on the findings from this research. These relate to advocacy efforts to draw attention to those groups that have been largely invisible in the social protection agenda; to the importance of civil society and grassroots mobilisation in creating access to state provision and to lessons from social protection efforts to go to scale. These reflections are intended to feed into current debates about the design of appropriate social protection schemes that effectively meet identified needs. [source] Examining resistance, accommodation and the pursuit of aspiration in the Indian IT-BPO space: reflections on two case studiesINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010M. N. Ravishankar ABSTRACT This article is based on case studies of two organisations: an India-based information technology (IT) services company and a financial services company located in the UK and India. Although they operate in different sectors and have some notable contrasts, both can be seen as typifying aspects of India's new economy. Our article explores the lived experience of working in this economy,a perspective that has been relatively neglected in the extant literature. Drawing on Homi Bhabha's notions of ambivalence and mimicry, and V. S. Naipaul's powerful illustrations of these concepts in his fiction and non-fiction works, we report on how respondents talked about their aspirations within India's emerging economy, and examine their mobilisation of particular discursive resources as forms of accommodation and resistance to the demands they face at work. [source] Nuclear targeting of a midregion PTHrP fragment is necessary for stimulating growth in breast cancer cellsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 1 2006Rajendra Kumari Abstract Parathyroid-hormone related protein (PTHrP) is the primary factor in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and is highly secreted by breast cancers. The pro-hormone undergoes post-translational processing and cleavage to give rise to mature secretory peptides, one of which is midregion PTHrP (38-94/95/101) containing a nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) in amino acids (87-106). The current study investigates whether the NLS in midregion PTHrP is important in breast cancer growth. PTHrP-(67-101), a midregion PTHrP fragment containing NLS-(87-101) significantly increased growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells (126.3 and 121.3% of control respectively in serum conditions), independent of PTHR1 whereas PTHrP-(67-86), which lacks the NLS did not. Fluorescent-labelled PTHrP-(67-101) translocated to the nucleus, whereas PTHrP-(67-86) remained cytosolic and a scrambled(+NLS) peptide was not internalised. In comparison, no growth influence or uptake was seen in non-tumour breast cells (Hs578Bst). Increases in intracellular calcium mobilisation were observed in breast cancer cells stimulated with both PTHrP-(67-101) and PTHrP-(67-86) (EC50 of 3.2 pM and 2.2 pM respectively for MCF-7 cells), whereas inositide turnover was not detected. Both nuclear uptake and calcium signalling were attenuated in the presence of EGTA, but not with U73122 or N-terminal PTHrP peptides. Our studies indicate that the NLS-containing midregion PTHrP peptide is dependent on both internalisation and nuclear translocation to induce growth in breast cancer cells. These findings highlight the importance of midregion PTHrP and its receptor in breast cancer growth and may provide potential targets for future therapeutic intervention. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Endovenous laser ablation for superficial venous insufficiencyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2010R. Durai Summary Background:, Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is a new minimally invasive alternative to conventional surgery for superficial venous insufficiency and varicose veins, where laser energy is used to ablate the incompetent veins. Discussion:, Endovenous laser ablation avoids the need for surgical incisions, and the complications of surgical exploration of the groin or popliteal fossa, and stripping. The procedure is commonly performed under local anaesthesia, with immediate mobilisation and rapid return to normal activity. Severe varicosity of tributaries may require adjunctive procedures such as microphlebectomy or sclerotherapy. Conclusion:, Early outcomes and cosmesis are superior, and long-term data is accumulating that recurrence of EVLA rates may be lower. [source] Determination of peripheral blood stem cells by the Sysmex SE-9500INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Liming Peng The Sysmex SE-9500 automated haematology analyser provides an estimate of immature cells, referred to as ,haematopoietic progenitor cells' (HPC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and usefulness of the SE-9500 HPC parameter as compared with the CD34 + cell count and to determine whether the HPC count was of value in predicting the optimal harvesting time for peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). Studies were performed on 112 samples from 21 patients with haematological malignancies and 13 healthy donors undergoing progenitor cell mobilisation. Coefficients of variation for the HPC count were 30%, 23.8%, 12.4% and 8.3% respectively for samples with low (4 × 106/l), medium (13 × 106/l), high (250 × 106/l) and very high (2413 × 106/l) counts. There was good linearity for HPC measurement in both peripheral blood (PB) and purified CD34 + cell suspensions (r > 0.995), and no detectable carryover was observed. There was an acceptable correlation between HPC and CD34 + cell counts for PB samples (r=0.669) and for CD34 + cell suspensions (r=0.859). Analysis of purified CD34 + cells using the SE-9500 HPC mode revealed that they appear both in the blast cell area and the immature granulocyte area of the analyser cell display. Quantitation of CD34 + cells and HPC during PBSC mobilisation showed good agreement between these parameters with regard to the optimal time for PBSC harvesting. These findings suggest that HPC counting with the Sysmex SE-9500 may be clinically useful for optimising the timing of PBSC collection. [source] Metastatic spinal cord compression: a review of practice and careJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 13-14 2010Lynn Kilbride Aim and objectives., The aim of this review was to address: (1) How is spinal stability assessed? (2) What is the role of bracing/should braces be used? (3) When is it safe to mobilise the patient? (4) What position should the patient be nursed in? Background., Controversy surrounds the care for patients with metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). There is some evidence to indicate that care for patients with MSCC is based on individual clinician preference rather than evidence-based guidelines which has been shown to cause delays and discrepancies in patient treatment. Design., A structured literature review to synthesise the available evidence about the management of MSCC. Methods., The following databases were searched: Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Systematic Reviews Database, SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network), NICE (National Institute for Clinical Excellence), AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and BNI (British Nursing Index). Publications were selected from the past 10 years. The search yielded a total of 1057 hits, 755 abstracts were screened, and 73 articles were retrieved and examined. Thirty-five articles were included. Results., The findings identified a gap and evidence relating to spinal stability, bracing, patient mobilisation, and positioning is limited and may be inconclusive. It is important for patients with a poor prognosis that their preferences and quality of life are considered. Conclusion., Currently, the evidence base to underpin care is limited, and further research in this area is necessary for patients and healthcare professionals alike. Relevance to clinical practice., Patients who suffer from MSCC suffer numerous physical, psychological and social issues. Because of lack of consensus, the current guidelines to inform clinical decision-making of professional staff are of limited benefit. [source] Subjective realities: Perceptions of identity and conflict in Ghana and NigeriaJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2009Arnim Langer Abstract Drawing on perceptions survey research conducted in Ghana and Nigeria, this article explores whether differences in the salience of ethnic and religious identities and interethnic and religious attitudes and interaction, might contribute to explaining the different histories of violence and conflict in these two countries. Based on the finding that ethnic identities are more salient in the Nigerian sampled communities than in the Ghanaian ones, whereas national and occupational identities are more salient in Ghana than in Nigeria, the authors suggest that ethnic mobilisation is more likely to be successful in Nigeria than in Ghana. The authors argue that this finding could possibly explain why Nigeria has experienced more incidents of violent conflicts along ethnic lines than Ghana; although the causality is likely to go both ways. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Winning a new priority for disabled children: the Every Disabled Child Matters campaignJOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2009Steve Broach Over the past 4 years, the Every Disabled Child Matters campaign has secured almost £780 million in new funding for disabled children's services and has laid the foundation for addressing structural disadvantages for disabled children. Critical success factors for the campaign have included clear aims, a tight core strategy group, a leading political champion, widespread parliamentary support and effective mobilisation of disabled children and their families as campaigners. The campaign caught policymakers' attention at the right point to leverage significant support for a previously marginalised social group. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Is there Nationalism after Ernest Gellner?NATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 4 2003An exploration of methodological choices This paper explores the advance of the study of nationalism with particular reference to hitherto neglected methodologies. After suggesting what might be the lesson to be learned from Ernest Gellner's critique of Wittgensteinian linguistic philosophy, I set out some of the considerations and questions which guide my own attempt at a definition of nationalism after Gellner. These are essentially concerned with the function of meaning for ,real people', that is, with the substantiation of the nation through the study of ideologies and feelings, links between interest and identity, conditions of responsiveness and the differential success of mass mobilisation. In the remainder of the paper, I explore the benefit that may be achieved from adopting the methodologies of the so-called Cambridge school of the history of political thought and of social representations in social psychology. [source] National identity and economic development: reiteration, recapture, reinterpretation and repudiation*NATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 3 2003Ross Bond This article attempts to move beyond assumptions that nationalism is essentially cultural and/or narrowly political, and that it is primarily past-oriented and defensive. We do this by examining evidence relating to the creative (re)construction of the nation from a contemporary economic perspective. Paying particular attention to Scotland and Wales, we show that the mobilisation of national identity within this process of (re)construction is not exclusive to those who seek greater political autonomy. National identity is also mobilised, often in a ,banal' fashion, by non-political national institutions such as economic development agencies. We argue that, within the strategies and discourses of economic development, historic national characteristics are reconciled with contemporary needs and aspirations through four processes: reiteration, recapture, reinterpretation and repudiation. [source] Myth and mobilisation: the triadic structure of nationalist rhetoricNATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 2 2001Matthew Levinger Drawing on the theory of collective action frames, this essay analyses the use of images of a primordial ,golden age' in the rhetoric of national mobilisation. Such idealised images of the past, juxtaposed with exaggerated depictions of a degraded present and a utopian future condition, constitute a rhetorical triad that is an effective instrument for motivating mass political movements. The model developed here emphasises the links between identity formation and political mobilisation, analysing how narratives of communal decline and redemption play a central role in defining the agendas of nationalist movements. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||