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Moment
Kinds of Moment Terms modified by Moment Selected AbstractsTHE RIGHT CHOICE ON THE RIGHT MOMENTADDICTION, Issue 8 2010GABRIEL ANDREUCCETTI No abstract is available for this article. [source] HARM REDUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES AT A MOMENT OF CHANGE: MOVING INNOVATION FROM GRASSROOTS TO MAINSTREAM?ADDICTION, Issue 9 2009JEAN-PAUL C. GRUND No abstract is available for this article. [source] A FINAL NOTE: A PIVOTAL MOMENTBRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY, Issue 1 2006Bob Hinshelwood [source] CALIBRATING A MOLECULAR CLOCK FROM PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC DATA: MOMENTS AND LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATORSEVOLUTION, Issue 10 2003Michael J. Hickerson Abstract We present moments and likelihood methods that estimate a DNA substitution rate from a group of closely related sister species pairs separated at an assumed time, and we test these methods with simulations. The methods also estimate ancestral population size and can test whether there is a significant difference among the ancestral population sizes of the sister species pairs. Estimates presented in the literature often ignore the ancestral coalescent prior to speciation and therefore should be biased upward. The simulations show that both methods yield accurate estimates given sample sizes of five or more species pairs and that better likelihood estimates are obtained if there is no significant difference among ancestral population sizes. The model presented here indicates that the larger than expected variation found in multitaxa datasets can be explained by variation in the ancestral coalescence and the Poisson mutation process. In this context, observed variation can often be accounted for by variation in ancestral population sizes rather than invoking variation in other parameters, such as divergence time or mutation rate. The methods are applied to data from two groups of species pairs (sea urchins and Alpheus snapping shrimp) that are thought to have separated by the rise of Panama three million years ago. [source] The CAP for Turkey?EUROCHOICES, Issue 2 2005Budgetary Implications, Potential Market Effects EU accession negotiations with Turkey are scheduled to start in October 2005. The period of accession negotiations will probably last for ten years or longer, but the effects of applying the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to Turkey are currently a controversial discussion in the EU. Effects of Turkish accession on EU agricultural markets are likely to be small. The EU would gain additional export opportunities for cereals and animal products. On the other hand, Turkish agricultural exports to the EU are projected to increase for only a few fruit and vegetable products. EU budgetary outlays for the application of the CAP to Turkey could total between £3.5 and £6.3 billion in 2015 , depending on whether direct payments are phased in or not , and £5.4 billion in 2025. Most of these outlays would be for direct payments to agricultural producers and that may not be in Turkey's best interest. This is because direct payments tend to be capitalized in land prices and may thus inhibit the necessary process of improving the Turkish agricultural structure. Transfers under the second pillar of the CAP may hold more interest for Turkey, because they can be targeted at improving productivity and thereby income. Projected outlays for the CAP take a backseat to projected transfers to Turkey under the structural policy of the EU. Les négociations sur l'adhésion de la Turquie à l'UE doivent commencer en octobre 2005. Les préliminaires vont sans doute durer au moins une dizaine d'années, mais les effets de l'application de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC) à la Turquie font déjà l'objet de controverses au sein de l'UE. Sur les marchés, on s'attend à des effets plutôt faibles. L'UE gagnerait certaines possibilités d'exportation de céréales et de produits animaux. Par ailleurs, les exportations de la Turquie vers l'UE ne s'accroîtraient que pour quelques fruits et légumes. Les dépenses budgétaires totales qui résulteraient pour l'UE de l'application de la PAC à la Turquie se situeraient en 2015 entre 3,5 et 6,3 milliards d'Euros, selon que les paiements directs seront ou ne seront pas progressivement éliminés. Elles atteindraient 5,4 milliards en 2025. Il s'agirait pour l'essentiel de paiements directs aux producteurs agricoles, ce qui ne correspondrait pas forcément à l'intérêt bien compris de la Turquie. De fait, les paiements directs tendent àêtre capitalisés en valeurs foncières. Ils pourraient par conséquent inhiber le processus d'amélioration des structures, pourtant bien nécessaire. Les transferts liés au second pilier de la PAC pourraient être plus utiles, parce qu'ils peuvent être ciblés sur les accroissements de productivité et donc de revenus. C'est pourquoi il y a lieu d'envisager des transferts à la Turquie au titre des politiques d'amélioration de structures en arrière plan des budgets prévisionnels pour la PAC. Im Oktober 2005 sollen die EU-Beitrittsverhandlungen mit der Türkei beginnen. Diese Verhandlungen werden wahrscheinlich über einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren oder länger geführt werden, die Auswirkungen der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) auf die Türkei werden im Moment in der EU jedoch kontrovers diskutiert. Der EU-Beitritt der Türkei wird sich wahrscheinlich nur geringfügig auf die EU-Agrarmärkte auswirken. Die EU erhielte zusätzliche Exportmöglichkeiten für Getreide und tierische Erzeugnisse. Die Agrarexporte der Türkei in die EU hingegen würden vermutlich nur bei einigen wenigen Obstund Gemüseprodukten zunehmen. Durch die Anwendung der GAP auf die Türkei würde der EU-Haushalt im Jahr 2015 mit 3,5 bis 6,3 Milliarden Euro (je nachdem, ob die Direktzahlungen schrittweise eingeführt werden oder nicht) und im Jahr 2025 mit 5,4 Milliarden Euro belastet. Der grö,te Teil dieser Kosten entstünde aufgrund von Direktzahlungen an landwirtschaftliche Erzeuger. Dies dürfte für die Türkei nicht die bestmögliche Alternative darstellen, da Direktzahlungen zumeist in den Bodenpreisen kapitalisiert werden, wodurch der notwendige Prozess zur Verbesserung der türkischen Agrarstruktur ins Stocken geraten könnte. Transferleistungen im Rahmen der zweiten Säule der GAP dürften für die Türkei interessanter sein, da sie auf eine Produktivitätssteigerung ausgerichtet werden könnten, um so die Einkommenssituation zu verbessern. Die zu erwartenden Ausgaben für die GAP im Rahmen der Strukturpolitik der EU spielen im Vergleich zu den zu erwartenden Transferleistungen an die Türkei eine untergeordnete Rolle. [source] Moment of Stasis: The Successful Failure of a Constitution for EuropeEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos The 2005 French and Dutch negative votes on the Constitution open up a space of conceptualisation, not only of Europe's relation to its demos, but significantly to its failures. Through a critical analysis of mainly Niklas Luhmann's systems theory, the article proposes taking a distance from traditional constitutional dogmatics that are no longer capable of dealing with the paradox of contemporary society, and more specifically with the eventual resurgence of the European project as one of absence and stasis: the two terms are used to explain the need, on the one hand, to maintain the ,absent community' of Europe, and, on the other, to start realising that any conceptualisation of the European project will now have to take place in that space of instability and contingency revealed by the constitutional failure. The relation between law and politics, the location of a constitution, the distinction between social and normative legitimacy, the connection between European identity and demos, and the concept of continuity between constitutional text and context are revisited in an attempt to trace the constitutional failure as the constitutional moment par excellence. [source] EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZES AND TEMPORAL STABILITY OF GENETIC STRUCTURE IN RANA PIPIENS, THE NORTHERN LEOPARD FROGEVOLUTION, Issue 11 2004Eric A. Hoffman Abstract Although studies of population genetic structure are very common, whether genetic structure is stable over time has been assessed for very few taxa. The question of stability over time is particularly interesting for frogs because it is not clear to what extent frogs exist in dynamic metapopulations with frequent extinction and recolonization, or in stable patches at equilibrium between drift and gene flow. In this study we collected tissue samples from the same five populations of leopard frogs, Rana pipens, over a 22,30 year time interval (11,15 generations). Genetic structure among the populations was very stable, suggesting that these population were not undergoing frequent extinction and colonization. We also estimated the effective size of each population from the change in allele frequencies over time. There exist few estimates of effective size for frog populations, but the data available suggest that ranid frogs may have much larger ratios of effective size (Ne) to census size (Nc) that toads (bufonidae). Our results indicate that R. pipiens populations have effective sizes on the order of hundreds to at most a few thousand frogs, and Nee/Nc ratios in the range of 0.1,1.0. These estimates of Ne/Nc are consistent with those estimated for other Rana species. Finally, we compared the results of three temporal methods for estimating Ne. Moment and pseudolikelihood methods that assume a closed population gave the most similar point estimates, although the moment estimates were consistently two to four times larger. Wang and Whitlock's new method that jointly estimates Ne and the rate of immigration into a population (m) gave much smaller estimates of Ne and implausibly large estimates of m. This method requires knowing allele frequencies in the source of immigrants, but was thought to be insensitive to inexact estimates. In our case the method may have failed because we did not know the true source of immigrants for each population. The method may be more sensitive to choice of source frequencies than was previously appreciated, and so should be used with caution if the most likely source of immigrants cannot be identified clearly. [source] A Pivotal Moment in 50 Years of Headache History: The First American Migraine StudyHEADACHE, Issue 5 2008Stewart J. Tepper MD Objective., To describe the magnitude and distribution of the public health problem posed by migraine in the United States by examining migraine prevalence, attack frequency, and attack-related disability by gender, age, race, household income, geographic region, and urban vs rural residence. Design., In 1989, a self-administered questionnaire was sent to a sample of 15,000 households. A designated member of each household initially responded to the questionnaire. Each household member with severe headache was asked to respond to detailed questions about symptoms, frequency, and severity of headaches. Setting., A sample of households selected from a panel to be representative of the US population in terms of age, gender, household size, and geographic area. Participants., After a single mailing, 20,468 subjects (63.4% response rate) between 12 and 80 Years of age responded to the survey. Respondents and nonrespondents did not differ by gender, household income, region of the country, or urban vs rural status. Whites and the elderly were more likely to respond. Migraine headache cases were identified on the basis of reported symptoms using established diagnostic criteria. Results., In total, 17.6% of females and 5.7% of males were found to have 1 or more migraine headaches per year. The prevalence of migraine varied considerably by age and was highest in both men and women between the ages of 35 to 45 years. Migraine prevalence was strongly associated with household income; prevalence in the lowest-income group (less than $10,000) was more than 60% higher than in the 2 highest-income groups (greater than or equal to $30,000). The proportion of migraine sufferers who experienced moderate to severe disability was not related to gender, age, income, urban vs rural residence, or region of the country. In contrast, the frequency of headaches was lower in higher-income groups. Attack frequency was inversely related to disability. Conclusions., A projection to the US population suggests that 8.7 million females and 2.6 million males suffer from migraine headache with moderate to severe disability. Of these, 3.4 million females and 1.1 million males experience 1 or more attacks per month. Females between ages 30 and 49 years from lower-income households are at especially high risk of having migraines and are more likely than other groups to use emergency care services for their acute condition. [source] Critical Pedagogy for the Present Moment: Learning from the Avant-Garde to Teach Globalization from ExperiencesINTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 3 2003André C. Drainville Closer to us in what it integrates and in its consequences, global politics still gets conceptualized as if it belonged to a realm of its own, disembedded and abstracted beyond quotidian experiences of power. Still folded in a supernatural world that cannot be of their making, as far from experience as their cold war predecessors were, international studies (IS) students are as alienated and find it as hard to work with critical imagination. To teach students to be more than mere technicians of whatever new world order may be born of present circumstances, we have to unmake the political separation that still exists between the study and teaching of global politics and everyday life in the world economy. This article presents a record of a decade-long teaching experiment conducted in the department of political science at Laval University in Québec City. Borrowing techniques and inspiration from the "historical avant-garde," I have worked to reinvent my pedagogical practice to create "situations" in which students can be full, unalienated subjects in the learning process. [source] Marking a Weberian Moment: Our Discipline Looks AheadINTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 2 2000Donald J. Puchala That the discipline of International Relations is again in disarray was the prevailing theme of a seminar titled Visions of International Relations, held at the University of South Carolina in autumn 1998. This essay is at once a reflection on the discussions that took place at the seminar and a representation of views that I offered as a participant. It comments on the epistemological issues in contention in the "third great debate" in International Relations, and it raises questions about the place and legitimacy of humanistic approaches to the study of relations among states and peoples. By my reckoning, International Relations is a full-fledged, full-blown, autonomous, legitimate and accomplished academic discipline, and ought not to be thought of as a subfield of political science or of any other of the socialsciences. [source] Nursing students' experiences of their first encounter with death during clinical practice in TaiwanJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 15-16 2010Xuan-Yi Huang Aims and objectives., The aim of this study was to elucidate the experiences of first encountering death by nursing students during clinical practice. The objective is to assist nursing educational and clinical professionals to provide essential assistance for nursing students who encounter patient death. Background., Increasingly, deaths are occurring in hospitals. However, there has been little qualitative research in Taiwan on the experiences of nursing students who encounter patient death for the first time. Design., A descriptive qualitative method was employed to explore nursing students' first experience with death during clinical practice in Taiwan. Methods., Purposive sampling, one-on-one, in-depth with semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. Participants were selected from an acute haematological ward in a major teaching hospital in Central Taiwan. Narratives were analysed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. Results., Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 12 nursing students. The average age of the students was 20, and seven and half days was the average time spent attending dying patients. Three themes and eleven sub-themes were identified: Providing Care During the Dying Period (feelings of dread and terror, hardship of experiencing patient's life fading away, devotion to patient care and self-affirmation); Facing the Moment of Patient Death (state of being scared or trapped, emotional breakdown); Adjustment after Patient Death (acceptance or avoidance, growth or escape). Conclusions., Findings demonstrate the importance of understanding such first experiences, and the results are beneficial to clinical instructors and nursing personnel in understanding the students' pressure and difficulties experienced before, during and after the patients' death. Relevance to clinical practice., Several recommendations have been made, including teaching and support not only in the period of dying, but at the moment of patient death and postmortality. Avoiding topics about death in local culture have been noted. [source] Electromagnetic scattering from perfectly conducting periodic surfaces by transforming into equivalent boundary conditionMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 8 2008Necmi Serkan TezelArticle first published online: 28 MAY 200 Abstract In this study, electromagnetic scattering from perfectly conducting periodic surface have been solved by means of transformation of problem into equivalent problem, that is scattering from plane represented by high order inhomogeneous impedance boundary condition (IBC). High order impedance functions are determined by function of the roughness of the surface. Then, transformed equivalent problem is solved by means of series expansion method using Floquet modes. This transformation makes the problem simple formulation and computational effectively without involving calculation of slowly converging periodic Green's function. Results and computational times obtained by transform method and those obtained by Method of Moment (MoM) technique are compared. Good agreements are observed in results. It is also observed that transform method needs much less computational time than MoM method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1997,2000, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23567 [source] GMM Repeat Sales Price IndicesREAL ESTATE ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2002Liang Peng Illiquid assets are widely spread within the economy but their indices are difficult to measure. This paper proposes a Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) repeat sales regression for estimating illiquid asset price indices. This method has estimators that are arithmetic averages of individual asset returns. This method is able to estimate custom-weighted indices, including equal- and value-weighted indices. It can incorporate hedonic variables to improve estimation accuracy, and it can work with a reweighting technique to mitigate a biased sample problem. Simulations based on artificial markets indicate that the method is more accurate than some alternatives in both efficient and sluggish markets, with and without temporal aggregation. As an application, we use this method to estimate a commercial property price index. [source] Small Christian Communities Today: Capturing the New Moment , Edited by Joseph G. Healey and Jeanne HintonRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 1 2007John T. Ford No abstract is available for this article. [source] Moment based regression algorithms for drift and volatility estimation in continuous-time Markov switching modelsTHE ECONOMETRICS JOURNAL, Issue 2 2008Robert J. Elliott Summary, We consider a continuous time Markov switching model (MSM) which is widely used in mathematical finance. The aim is to estimate the parameters given observations in discrete time. Since there is no finite dimensional filter for estimating the underlying state of the MSM, it is not possible to compute numerically the maximum likelihood parameter estimate via the well known expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Therefore in this paper, we propose a method of moments based parameter estimator. The moments of the observed process are computed explicitly as a function of the time discretization interval of the discrete time observation process. We then propose two algorithms for parameter estimation of the MSM. The first algorithm is based on a least-squares fit to the exact moments over different time lags, while the second algorithm is based on estimating the coefficients of the expansion (with respect to time) of the moments. Extensive numerical results comparing the algorithm with the EM algorithm for the discretized model are presented. [source] Estimation of breeding values from large-sized routine carcass data in Japanese Black cattle using Bayesian analysisANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2009Aisaku ARAKAWA ABSTRACT Volumes of official data sets have been increasing rapidly in the genetic evaluation using the Japanese Black routine carcass field data. Therefore, an alternative approach with smaller memory requirement to the current one using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and the empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP) is desired. This study applied a Bayesian analysis using Gibbs sampling (GS) to a large data set of the routine carcass field data and practically verified its validity in the estimation of breeding values. A Bayesian analysis like REML-EBLUP was implemented, and the posterior means were calculated using every 10th sample from 90 000 of samples after 10 000 samples discarded. Moment and rank correlations between breeding values estimated by GS and REML-EBLUP were very close to one, and the linear regression coefficients and the intercepts of the GS on the REML-EBLUP estimates were substantially one and zero, respectively, showing a very good agreement between breeding value estimation by the current GS and the REML-EBLUP. The current GS required only one-sixth of the memory space with REML-EBLUP. It is confirmed that the current GS approach with relatively small memory requirement is valid as a genetic evaluation procedure using large routine carcass data. [source] Tuning the Magnetic Moment of [Ru2(DPhF)3(O2CMe)L]+ Complexes (DPhF=N,N, -Diphenylformamidinate): A Theoretical Explanation of the Axial Ligand InfluenceCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 21 2010Carmen Barral Dr. Abstract The magnetic behaviour of the compounds containing the [Ru2(DPhF)3(O2CMe)]+ ion (DPhF,=N,N, -diphenylformamidinate) shows a strong dependence on the nature of the ligand bonded to the axial position. The new complexes [Ru2(DPhF)3(O2CMe)(OPMe3)][BF4],0.5,CH2Cl2 (1, 0.5,CH2Cl2) and [Ru2(DPhF)3(O2CMe)(4-pic)][BF4] (2) (4-pic=4-methylpyridine) clearly display this influence. Complex 1,0.5,CH2Cl2 shows a magnetic moment corresponding to a S=3/2 system affected by the common zero-field splitting (ZFS) and a weak antiferromagnetic interaction, whereas complex 2 displays an intermediate behaviour between S=3/2 and S=1/2 systems. The experimental data of complex 1 are fitted with a model that considers the ZFS effect using the Hamiltonian ,D=S,D,S. The weak antiferromagnetic coupling is introduced as a perturbation, using the molecular field approximation. DFT calculations demonstrate that, in the [Ru2(O2CMe)(DPhF)3(L)]+ complexes, the energy level of the metal,metal molecular orbitals is strongly dependent on the nature of the axial ligand (L). This study reveals that the increase in the ,-acceptor character of L leads to a greater split between the ,* and ,* HOMO orbitals. The influence of the axial ligand in the relative energy between the doublet and quartet states in this type of complexes was also analysed. This study was performed on the new complexes 1,0.5,CH2Cl2 and 2. The previously isolated [Ru2(DPhF)3(O2CMe)(OH2)][BF4],0.5,CH2Cl2 (3, 0.5,CH2Cl2) and [Ru2(DPhF)3(O2CMe)(CO)][BF4],CH2Cl2 (4,CH2Cl2) complexes were also included in this study as representative examples of spin-admixed and low-spin configurations, respectively. The [Ru2(DPhF)3(O2CMe)]+ (5) unit was used as a reference compound. These theoretical studies are in accordance with the different magnetic behaviour experimentally observed. [source] Specification Analysis of Diffusion Models for the Italian Short RateECONOMIC NOTES, Issue 1 2005Monica Gentile In recent years, diffusion models for interest rates became very popular. In this paper, we perform a selection of a suitable diffusion model for the Italian short rate. Our data set is given by the yields on 3-month BOT (Buoni Ordinari del Tesoro), from 1981 to 2001, for a total of 470 observations. We investigate among stochastic volatility models, paying more attention to affine models. Estimating diffusion models via maximum likelihood, which would lead to efficiency, is usually unfeasible because the transition density is not available. Recently, Gallant and Tauchen (1996) proposed a method of moments which gains full efficiency, hence its name of Efficient Method of Moments (EMM); it selects the moments as the scores of an auxiliary model, to be computed via simulation; thus, EMM is suitable to diffusions whose transition density is unknown, but which are convenient to simulate. The auxiliary model is selected among a family of densities which spans the density space. As a by-product, EMM provides diagnostics that are easy to compute and interpret. We find evidence that one-factor models and multi-factor affine models are rejected, while a logarithmic specification of the volatility provides the best fit to the data. [source] The Role of Investment, Financing and Dividend Decisions in Explaining Corporate Ownership Structure: Empirical Evidence from SpainEUROPEAN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 5 2006Julio Pindado G31; G32; G35 Abstract This paper analyses the determinants of ownership structure by focusing on the role played by investment, financing and dividend decisions. The use of the Generalised Method of Moments allows us to provide new evidence on this important corporate governance topic, since it controls for the endogeneity problem. Our most relevant findings show that: i) increases in debt lead insiders to limit the risk they bear by reducing their holdings; ii) monitoring by large outside owners substitutes for the disciplinary role of debt; and iii) both inside and outside owners are encouraged to increase their stakes in the firm in view of higher dividends. Our results hold after controlling for equity issues and share repurchases. [source] Optimal Portfolio Allocation under Higher MomentsEUROPEAN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2006Eric Jondeau C22; C51; G12 Abstract We evaluate how departure from normality may affect the allocation of assets. A Taylor series expansion of the expected utility allows to focus on certain moments and to compute the optimal portfolio allocation numerically. A decisive advantage of this approach is that it remains operational even for a large number of assets. While the mean-variance criterion provides a good approximation of the expected utility maximisation under moderate non-normality, it may be ineffective under large departure from normality. In such cases, the three-moment or four-moment optimisation strategies may provide a good approximation of the expected utility. [source] Day-of-the-Week Effect in High MomentsFINANCIAL MARKETS, INSTITUTIONS & INSTRUMENTS, Issue 3 2005by Dan Galai C14; C31; G14 Evidence from equity markets worldwide indicates that the Day-of-the-Week anomaly appears to fade from the first moment of the distribution of daily returns. We report highly significant pair-wise weekend effects in high moments when comparing the first and last trading days of the week. The second moment alone appears to distinguish the return distribution of the first trading day from all others. A probable explanation of the phenomena appears to be information dissemination: corporate announcements released after closing of the last trading day of the week spill-over to the opening of the first trading day, increasing its variability and carrying the closing sign. [source] Effect of ownership structure on underinvestment and overinvestment: empirical evidence from SpainACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 2 2009Julio Pindado G31; G32 Abstract This paper investigates how ownership affects the investment-cash flow sensitivity by taking into account the non-linearities of ownership with respect to firm value, and using a free cash flow index and a criterion for financial constraints to disentangle underinvestment and overinvestment. Interesting results are provided by estimating using the Generalized Method of Moments to eliminate the endogeneity problem. The alignment of interests between owners and managers and the monitoring by concentrated ownership both alleviate the sensitivity of investment to cash flow both in underinvestor and overinvestor firms. However, in the presence of controlling owners, underinvestment and overinvestment are exacerbated. [source] Electronic Manifestation of Cation-Vacancy-Induced Magnetic Moments in a Transparent Oxide Semiconductor: Anatase Nb:TiO2ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 22 2009Shixiong Zhang Nb-doped anatase TiO2 thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition show Kondo scattering in elctronic-transport measurements, providing evidence for the formation of magnetic moments. The origin of magnetism is attributed to cation (Ti) vacancies, confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and first-principle calculations. The Ti vacancies are controlled by oxygen partial pressure during growth. [source] Identifying the new Keynesian Phillips curveJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS, Issue 5 2008James M. Nason Phillips curves are central to discussions of inflation dynamics and monetary policy. The hybrid new Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) describes how past inflation, expected future inflation, and a measure of real aggregate demand drive the current inflation rate. This paper studies the (potential) weak identification of the NKPC under Generalized Method of Moments and traces this syndrome to a lack of higher-order dynamics in exogenous variables. We employ analytic methods to understand the economics of the NKPC identification problem in the canonical three-equation, new Keynesian model. We revisit the empirical evidence for the USA, the UK, and Canada by constructing tests and confidence intervals based on the Anderson and Rubin (1949) statistic, which is robust to weak identification. We also apply the Guggenberger and Smith (2008) LM test to the underlying NKPC pricing parameters. Both tests yield little evidence of forward-looking inflation dynamics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Moments of graphs in monotone familiesJOURNAL OF GRAPH THEORY, Issue 1 2006Zoltán Füredi Abstract The kth moment of the degree sequence d1,,,d2,,,,dn of a graph G is . We give asymptotically sharp bounds for ,k(G) when G is in a monotone family. We use these results for the case k,=,2 to improve a result of Pach, Spencer, and Tóth [15]. We answer a question of Erd,s [9] by determining the maximum variance of the degree sequence when G is a triangle-free n -vertex graph. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Multivariable real-time optimal control of a cooling and antisolvent semibatch crystallization processAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 10 2009Milana Trifkovic Abstract This article presents an experimental study of simultaneous optimization with respect to two variables (cooling rate and flow-rate of antisolvent) in an offline and online (real-time) manner on a semibatch crystallizer. The nucleation and growth kinetic parameters of paracetamol in an isopropanol-water cooling, antisolvent batch crystallizer were estimated by nonlinear regression in terms of the moments of the crystal population density. Moments of crystal population were estimated from the measured chord length distribution, generated by the FBRM®, and the supersaturation was calculated from the measured concentration by attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of real-time optimization showed a substantial improvement of the end of batch properties (the volume-weighted mean size and yield). For the same objective function, the real-time optimization method resulted in an increase in the volume-weighted mean size by ,100 ,m and 15% of theoretical yield compared with the best result obtained in an offline optimization manner. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009 [source] Martingale Approach for Moments of Discounted Aggregate ClaimsJOURNAL OF RISK AND INSURANCE, Issue 2 2004Ji-Wook Jang We examine the Laplace transform of the distribution of the shot noise process using the martingale. Applying the piecewise deterministic Markov processes theory and using the relationship between the shot noise process and the accumulated/discounted aggregate claims process, the Laplace transform of the distribution of the accumulated aggregate claims is obtained. Assuming that the claim arrival process follows the Poisson process and claim sizes are assumed to be exponential and mixture of exponential, we derive the explicit expressions of the actuarial net premiums and variances of the discounted aggregate claims, which are the annuities paid continuously. Numerical examples are also provided based on them. [source] Moments of meeting: Buber, Rogers, and the potential for public dialogueJOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2003Maurice Friedman Co-director; Professor Emeritus of Philosophy No abstract is available for this article. [source] Difference Equations for the Higher Order Moments and Cumulants of the INAR(p) ModelJOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Issue 1 2005Maria Eduarda Silva Abstract., Here we obtain difference equations for the higher order moments and cumulants of a time series {Xt} satisfying an INAR(p) model. These equations are similar to the difference equations for the higher order moments and cumulants of the bilinear time series model. We obtain the spectral and bispectral density functions for the INAR(p) process in state,space form, thus characterizing it in the frequency domain. We consider a frequency domain method , the Whittle criterion , to estimate the parameters of the INAR(p) model and illustrate it with the series of the number of epilepsy seizures of a patient. [source] Structural Information on the Transition Moments in Poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene) by Polarization FT-IR SpectroscopyMACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA, Issue 1 2005Alex Scott Abstract Oriented poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) has been characterised by polarised FT-IR spectroscopy to determine the structural angles of the transition moments to the molecular chain axis. The bands at 1130 cm,1, 1142 cm,1 and 1602 cm,1, which have been previously assigned as having their transition dipole moments parallel to the chain axis, are confirmed as parallel bands. Bands at 767 cm,1 and 831 cm,1 are confirmed as perpendicular bands. However the band at 1708 cm,1 which has previously been assigned as a perpendicular band, is shown here to have its transition moment at 72° to the molecular axis. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||