Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Moisture Content Decreased (moisture + content_decreased)
Selected AbstractsRelating Instrumental Texture, Determined by Variable-Blade and Allo-Kramer Shear Attachments, to Sensory Analysis of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, FilletsJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 7 2010Aunchalee Aussanasuwannakul Abstract:, Texture is one of the most important quality attributes of fish fillets, and accurate assessment of variation in this attribute, as affected by storage and handling, is critical in providing consistent quality product. Trout fillets received 4 treatments: 3-d refrigeration (R3), 7-d refrigeration (R7), 3-d refrigeration followed by 30-d frozen storage (R3F30), and 7-d refrigeration followed by 30-d frozen storage (R7F30). Instrumental texture of raw and cooked fillets was determined by 3 approaches: 5-blade Allo-Kramer (AK) and variable-blade (VB) attachment with 12 blades arranged in perpendicular (PER) and parallel (PAR) orientations to muscle fibers. Correlation between instrumental texture and sensory hardness, juiciness, elasticity, fatness, and coarseness was determined. Muscle pH remained constant at 6.54 to 6.64. Raw fillets lost 3.66% of their original weight after 30-d frozen storage. After cooking, weight loss further increased to 15.97%. Moisture content decreased from 69.11 to 65.02%, while fat content remained constant at 10.41%. VBPER detected differences in muscle sample strength (P= 0.0019) and demonstrated effect of shear direction reported as maximum force (g force/g sample). AKPER detected differences in energy of shear (g × mm; P= 0.0001). Fillets that received F30 treatments were less extensible. Cooking increased muscle strength and toughness. Force determined by VBPER was correlated with sensory hardness (r= 0.423, P= 0.0394) and cook loss (r= 0.412, P= 0.0450). VB attachment is accurate, valid, and less destructive in fillet texture analysis. Practical Application:, A new shearing device was validated with sensory analysis. Settings and parameters obtained could be used to define fillet texture quality associated with muscle fiber orientation. [source] Effect of cultivar and roasting method on composition of roasted soybeansJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 5 2009Emily L Boge Abstract BACKGROUND: The composition of raw soybeans and the roasting method have an important impact on the quality of roasted soybeans. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of food-grade soybean cultivars (IA 2064, IA 1008, IA 1008LF, Prairie Brand 299, Asgrow 2247) and roasting method (oil- and dry-roasting) on the composition of roasted soybeans. RESULTS: Moisture content decreased after roasting, with oil-roasted soybeans having a significantly lower moisture content than the dry-roasted soybeans. With the exception of the low linolenic acid cultivar (IA 2064), there were no significant differences in total lipid and fatty acid contents of the five cultivars. Oil-roasted soybeans had significantly higher lipid content than raw and dry-roasted soybeans owing to the absorption of oil. The soluble sugars and free amino acids contents of the five soybean cultivars were not significantly different. Decreases in the contents of free amino acids, but not soluble sugars, occurred during roasting. Greater reductions were seen in oil-roasted soybeans because of the higher roasting temperature. CONCLUSION: Roasting method, rather than cultivar, had the greatest effect on the composition of roasted soybeans. The food-grade soybean cultivars evaluated in this study were similar in composition. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source] The resistance of packed beds of moth gram (Vigna aconitifolius) to airflowINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Prabhakar M. Nimkar Summary The resistance of packed beds of clean moth gram (Vigna aconitifolius) to airflow was studied at moisture contents varying from 5.64 to 19.42% dry basis (d.b.) and at superficial air velocities ranging between 0.0104 and 0.8321 m s,1 with bed depths of 0.2,0.6 m and bulk densities ranging from 745 to 875 kg m,3. The airflow resistance of moth gram increased with increase in airflow rate and bulk density and decreased with moisture content. Results indicated that a 13.78% increase in moisture content decreased the pressure drop by 26.58% whereas, a 7.7% increase in bulk density increased the pressure drop by 43%. The modified Shedd's equation and Hukill and Ives equation were evaluated to see if they predicted pressure drop accurately. Airflow resistance was accurately described by the modified Shedd's equation. The statistical model that related airflow rate and bulk density could fit pressure drop data reasonably well. For loose fill beds an increase in grain moisture content increased the minimum fluidization velocity value from 1.1009 to 1.2391 m s,1 whereas, for grain beds with 12.47% moisture content, the increase in bulk density decreased the minimum fluidization velocity value from 1.1152 to 1.0306 m s,1. [source] Growth and survival of non-O157:H7 Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in cow manureJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2007B. Fremaux Abstract Aims:, The main objective of this study was to evaluate the behaviour of non-O157:H7 Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains in cow manure. Methods and Results:, A mixture of eight green-fluorescent-protein-labelled STEC strains was inoculated around 106,107 CFU g,1 into four manure heaps. Two heaps were regularly turned and the two others remained unturned. STEC counts and physical parameters (temperature, pH, moisture content and oxido-reduction potential) were monitored for 1000 manure samples. The highest mean pH values were obtained near the surface at the base of all manure heaps. At the surface, the moisture content decreased from 76·5% to 42% in turned heaps. Temperatures reached 65°C near the main body of all manure heaps, and only 35°C near the superficial parts located at the base of them. These two sites (the centre and the base) were associated with D values for the STEC counts of 0·48 and 2·39 days, respectively. We were able to detect STEC strains during 42 days in turned manure heaps and during at least 90 days in unturned ones. Conclusions:, These results emphasize the long-term survival of non-O157:H7 STEC in cow manure. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Good management practices (e.g. turning) should be respected in order to minimize the risk of environmental contamination by STEC. [source] Structure and properties of cellulose nanocomposite films containing melamine formaldehydeJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 4 2007Marielle Henriksson Abstract Films of high Young's modulus and low density are of interest for application as loudspeaker membranes. In the present study nanocomposite films were prepared from microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and from MFC in combination with melamine formaldehyde (MF). The prepared materials were studied with respect to structure as well as physical and mechanical properties. Studies in SEM and calculation of porosity showed that these materials have a dense paper-like structure. The moisture sorption isotherms were measured and showed that moisture content decreased in the presence of MF. Mechanical properties were studied by dynamical mechanical thermal measurements as well as by tensile tests. Cellulose films showed an average Young's modulus of 14 GPa while the nanocomposites showed an average Young's modulus as high as 16.6 GPa and average tensile strength as high as 142 MPa. By controlling composition and structure, the range of properties of these materials can extend the property range available for existing materials. The combination of comparatively high mechanical damping and high sound propagation velocity is of technical interest. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 [source] ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONAL SOY PROTEIN PRODUCTSJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2003ZHONGLI PAN ABSTRACT The moisture adsorption characteristics of three commercial functional soy protein products (two isolates and one concentrate) in the temperature range of 10 to 40C were studied. The temperature showed significant effect on both the change of moisture content during adsorption and equilibrium moisture content. The rate of moisture adsorption of a soy protein isolate at water activity of 0.84 increased, but its equilibrium moisture content decreased with the increase of temperature. The suitability of Peleg and GAB equations for modeling the change of moisture content during adsorption and adsorption isotherms was respectively examined, and the constants in both equations were determined. In the temperature range of 10C to 40C, the relative errors of predicted change in moisture content at water activity of 0.84 and predicted isotherms of a soy protein isolates were ranged from 1.36% to 4.85% and 2.80% to 3.63%, respectively. The two equations can be used to predict the change in moisture content during adsorption and isotherms of functional soy protein products at different temperatures with satisfactory accuracy. [source] Nested patterns of community assembly in the colonisation of artificial canopy habitats by oribatid mitesOIKOS, Issue 12 2008Zoë Lindo An observed species,area relationship (SAR) in assemblages of oribatid mites inhabiting natural canopy habitats (suspended soils) led to an experimental investigation of how patch size, height in canopy and moisture influence the species richness, abundance and community composition of arboreal oribatid mites. Colonisation by oribatid mites on 90 artificial canopy habitats (ACHs) of three sizes placed at each of three heights on the trunks of ten western redcedar trees was recorded over a 1-year period. Fifty-nine oribatid mite species colonised the ACHs, and richness increased with the moisture content and size of the habitat patch. Oribatid mite species richness and abundance, and ACH moisture content decreased with increasing ACH height in the canopy. Patterns in the species richness and community composition of ACHs were non-random and demonstrated a significant nested pattern. Correlations of patch size, canopy height and moisture content with community nestedness suggest that species-specific environmental tolerances combined with the differential dispersal abilities of species contributed to the non-random patterns of composition in these habitats. In line with the prediction that niche-selection filters out species from the regional pool that cannot tolerate environmental harshness, moisture-stressed ACHs in the high canopy had lower community variability than ACHs in the lower canopy. Colonising source pools to ACHs were almost exclusively naturally-occurring canopy sources, but low levels of colonisation from the forest floor were apparent at low heights within the ACH system. We conclude that stochastic dispersal dynamics within the canopy are crucial to understanding oribatid mite community structure in suspended soils, but that the relative importance of stochastic dispersal assembly may be dependent on a strong deterministic element to the environmental tolerances of individual species which drives non-random patterns of community assembly. [source] Changes in the proximate composition of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) reared in the cages located on the Gulf of Antalya (Turkey's Western Mediterranean coast) during the fattening periodAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 15 2009Pinar Yerl, kaya Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the proximate composition of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) muscle reared in cages during the fattening period. Samples were taken from tunas at monthly intervals between July and October. Moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were analysed. The fat and ash contents increased, and the moisture content decreased during the fattening period. There were no significant differences in the protein content during this period. The mean protein concentration was 21% over this period. The highest levels of dry matter (40%), fat (15%) and ash (1.21%) were found in October. Baitfish (Sardina pilchardus, Sardinella aurita and Alosa fallax nilotica) were also analysed. There were no differences in the moisture, protein and fat contents between baitfish, but a lower ash content was found in sardine than in the others. The mean moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of baitfish were found to be 68.28%; 19.2%; 8.5%; and 1.4% respectively. [source] | |||||||||||||